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Microbial Pathogenesis Jul 2024Plaque-induced gingivitis is an inflammatory response in gingival tissues resulting from bacterial plaque accumulation at the gingival margin. Postbiotics can promote...
Plaque-induced gingivitis is an inflammatory response in gingival tissues resulting from bacterial plaque accumulation at the gingival margin. Postbiotics can promote the proliferation of beneficial bacteria and optimise the state of microbiota in the oral cavity. In this study, we investigated the effect of inactivated Lacticaseibacillus paracasei Probio-01 on plaque-induced gingivitis and the dental plaque microbiota. A total of 32 healthy gingival participants (Group N, using blank toothpaste for 3 months) and 60 patients with plaque-induced gingivitis (30 in Group F, using inactivated Probio-01 toothpaste for 3 months, and 30 in Group B, using blank toothpaste for 3 months, respectively) were recruited. Clinical indices, which included bleeding on probing (BOP), gingival index (GI), and plaque index (PI), were used to assess the severity of gingivitis. Furthermore, 16SrDNA amplicon sequencing was used to explore changes in the gingival state and dental plaque microbiota in patients with plaque-induced gingivitis. The results showed that inactivated Probio-01 significantly reduced clinical indices of gingivitis, including BOP, GI, and PI, in participants with plaque-induced gingivitis and effectively relieved gingival inflammation, compared with that observed in the control group (group B). Inactivated Probio-01 did not significantly influence the diversity of dental plaque microbiota, but increased the relative abundance of dental plaque core bacteria, such as Leptotrichia and Fusobacterium (P < 0.05). Strong correlations were observed between the indices and abundance of dental plaque microbiota. Overall, the inactivated Probio-01 significantly reduced the clinical indices of gingivitis and effectively improved gingival inflammation in patients with plaque-induced gingivitis. The activity of inactivated Probio-01 against plaque-induced gingivitis was possibly mediated by its ability to regulate the dental plaque microbiota, as indicated by the close correlation between the plaque microbiota and clinical indices of gingivitis.
Topics: Humans; Gingivitis; Dental Plaque; Female; Male; Microbiota; Adult; Toothpastes; Young Adult; Periodontal Index; Probiotics; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Dental Plaque Index; Gingiva; Middle Aged
PubMed: 38754566
DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106701 -
Journal of Stomatology, Oral and... Apr 2024Oral metastatic sarcomas (OMSs) occur only occasionally, and information about their characteristics is based on the restricted number of cases reported in the...
Oral metastatic sarcomas (OMSs) occur only occasionally, and information about their characteristics is based on the restricted number of cases reported in the literature. This study aims to systematically review the English literature to recognize the clinicopathologic characteristics of OMSs. An electronic search was performed in PubMed Central and Scopus databases. The search included all the published articles (human case reports and case series) up till April 2023, with no time restrictions. OMSs were slightly more prevalent in males in their fifth to seventh decades of life. However, a high percentage of OMSs has been reported in the second decade of life. Lower extremities, breasts and uterus are the most common primary origin of metastatic sarcoma. Gingiva and mandible were common locations in the oral cavity for metastatic deposits. Generally, they demonstrated widespread affliction. The mean time interval between primary tumor detection and diagnosis of the oral metastasis was about 33.54 ± 36.19 months. Death was reported in 83 patients (67.48 %) with a mean survival rate of 7.98 ± 10.30 months. The most common microscopic tumor types were leiomyosarcoma (n = 21, 17 %), followed by angiosarcoma (n = 20, 16.26 %) and osteosarcoma (n = 18, 14.63 %). In conclusion, while oral metastases of sarcomas are not common, those should be considered in the differential diagnosis of the oral lesions. Although OMSs show a high occurrence in the 7th decade of the life, the average age of patients with oral involvement is lower than the overall metastatic lesions. OMSs may present as widespread disease with poor prognosis.
Topics: Humans; Mouth Neoplasms; Sarcoma; Female; Male
PubMed: 38738551
DOI: 10.1016/j.jormas.2023.101656 -
Journal of Clinical Medicine Apr 2024Recently, some new morphological features of colorectal cancer have been discovered as important prognostic factors; in this paper, we study the relationship between...
Recently, some new morphological features of colorectal cancer have been discovered as important prognostic factors; in this paper, we study the relationship between tumor budding (TB) and tumor deposits (TDs). The retrospective cohort study included 90 patients with pathohistologically confirmed stage III CRC who were treated with radical surgical resection. All hematoxylin and eosin (H and E)-stained slides from each patient were reviewed, and histological parameters were recorded. The samples were divided into two groups with similar sizes: a group without TDs (N = 51) and a control group with TDs (N = 39). The presence and TB grade were further analyzed in these groups and compared with other clinical and histological features. The prevalence of TB in the investigated cohort was unexpectedly high (94.4%). Overall, there were 23 (25.6%) Bd1, 20 (22.2%) Bd2, and 47 (52.2%) Bd3 cases. The presence of TDs was significantly associated with a higher number of TB ( < 0.001, OR 16.3) and, consequently, with a higher TB grade ( = 0.004, OR 11.04). A higher TB grade ( = 0.001, HR 2.28; 95% CI 1.93-4.76) and a growing number of TDs ( = 0.014, HR 1.52; 95% CI 1.09-2.1) were statistically significantly associated with shorter survival. TDs appear more often in patients with higher TB grades in stage III CRC. A higher TB grade and a growing number of TDs were statistically significantly associated with shorter overall survival. These results could give additional emphasis to the importance of TB as an adverse prognostic factor since a strong relationship with TDs has been demonstrated.
PubMed: 38731112
DOI: 10.3390/jcm13092583 -
Hormone Molecular Biology and Clinical... Jun 2024Digit ratio (2D:4D), as endocrine fingerprint, can indicate prenatal androgen exposure. It serves as an anatomical marker for various systemic diseases and a few studies...
OBJECTIVES
Digit ratio (2D:4D), as endocrine fingerprint, can indicate prenatal androgen exposure. It serves as an anatomical marker for various systemic diseases and a few studies relating it to oral health. The present study aims to evaluate the association between digit ratio and susceptibility to dental plaque formation.
METHODS
The study was conducted on young adults aged between 18 and 25 years. Digit ratio and reproductive hormones were measured; dental plaque score and gingival index (GI) were recorded. Data were analysed using the MedCalc. v.20.
RESULTS
Male and female participants were categorized into two groups based on their digit ratios being either above or below the calculated average (0.99 for females, 0.98 for males). Those with a digit ratio below the average had a significantly higher mean dental plaque score (p < 0.0001) than those with ratios at or above the average. However, there was no significant difference in the GI between the two groups. Reproductive hormone profiles varied significantly between the higher and lower digit ratio groups for both sexes.
CONCLUSIONS
Digit ratio may find potential to be used as an anatomical marker to identify the susceptibility to dental plaque build-up.
Topics: Humans; Female; Male; Fingers; Adult; Adolescent; Young Adult; Dental Plaque; Biomarkers
PubMed: 38726654
DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2023-0063 -
Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology May 2024Shotgun metagenomics sequencing experiments are finding a wide range of applications. Nonetheless, there are still limited guidelines regarding the number of sequences...
Shotgun metagenomics sequencing experiments are finding a wide range of applications. Nonetheless, there are still limited guidelines regarding the number of sequences needed to acquire meaningful information for taxonomic profiling and antimicrobial resistance gene (ARG) identification. In this study, we explored this issue in the context of oral microbiota by sequencing with a very high number of sequences (~ 100 million), four human plaque samples, and one microbial community standard and by evaluating the performance of microbial identification and ARGs detection through a downsampling procedure. When investigating the impact of a decreasing number of sequences on quantitative taxonomic profiling in the microbial community standard datasets, we found some discrepancies in the identified microbial species and their abundances when compared to the expected ones. Such differences were consistent throughout downsampling, suggesting their link to taxonomic profiling methods limitations. Overall, results showed that the number of sequences has a great impact on metagenomic samples at the qualitative (i.e., presence/absence) level in terms of loss of information, especially in experiments having less than 40 million reads, whereas abundance estimation was minimally affected, with only slight variations observed in low-abundance species. The presence of ARGs was also assessed: a total of 133 ARGs were identified. Notably, 23% of them inconsistently resulted as present or absent across downsampling datasets of the same sample. Moreover, over half of ARGs were lost in datasets having less than 20 million reads. This study highlights the importance of carefully considering sequencing aspects and suggests some guidelines for designing shotgun metagenomics experiments with the final goal of maximizing oral microbiome analyses. Our findings suggest varying optimized sequence numbers according to different study aims: 40 million for microbiota profiling, 50 million for low-abundance species detection, and 20 million for ARG identification. KEY POINTS: • Forty million sequences are a cost-efficient solution for microbiota profiling • Fifty million sequences allow low-abundance species detection • Twenty million sequences are recommended for ARG identification.
Topics: Humans; Metagenomics; Dental Plaque; Microbiota; Bacteria; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Metagenome
PubMed: 38709303
DOI: 10.1007/s00253-024-13152-z -
BMC Oral Health May 2024To evaluate the antibacterial effectiveness of a combination of ε-poly-L-lysine (ε-PL), funme peptide (FP) as well as domiphen against oral pathogens, and assess the... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the antibacterial effectiveness of a combination of ε-poly-L-lysine (ε-PL), funme peptide (FP) as well as domiphen against oral pathogens, and assess the efficacy of a BOP® mouthwash supplemented with this combination in reducing halitosis and supragingival plaque in a clinical trial.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the compound against Fusobacterium nucleatum, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Streptococcus mutans, and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans were determined by the gradient dilution method. Subsequently, the CCK-8 assay was used to detect the toxicity of mouthwash on human gingival fibroblastst, and the effectiveness in reducing halitosis and supragingival plaque of the mouthwash supplemented with the combination was analyzed by a randomized, double-blind, parallel-controlled clinical trial.
RESULTS
The combination exhibited significant inhibitory effects on tested oral pathogens with the MIC < 1.56% (v/v) and the MBC < 3.13% (v/v), and the mouthwash containing this combination did not inhibit the viability of human gingival fibroblasts at the test concentrations. The clinical trial showed that the test group displayed notably lower volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) at 0, 10, 24 h, and 7 d post-mouthwash (P < 0.05), compared with the baseline. After 7 days, the VSC levels of the and control groups were reduced by 50.27% and 32.12%, respectively, and notably cutting severe halitosis by 57.03% in the test group. Additionally, the Plaque Index (PLI) of the test and control group decreased by 54.55% and 8.38%, respectively, and there was a significant difference in PLI between the two groups after 7 days (P < 0.01).
CONCLUSIONS
The combination of ε-PL, FP and domiphen demonstrated potent inhibitory and bactericidal effects against the tested oral pathogens, and the newly formulated mouthwash added with the combination exhibited anti-dental plaque and anti-halitosis properties in a clinical trial and was safe.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
The randomized controlled clinical trial was registered on Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (No. ChiCTR2300073816, Date: 21/07/2023).
Topics: Humans; Halitosis; Mouthwashes; Dental Plaque; Double-Blind Method; Male; Female; Polylysine; Adult; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Young Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Fusobacterium nucleatum; Fibroblasts; Peptides; Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans; Streptococcus mutans
PubMed: 38702623
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04255-0 -
Archives of Oral Biology Aug 2024The effectiveness of supragingival dental biofilm control during orthodontic treatment and changes in the bacterial profile were analyzed. (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
OBJECTIVE
The effectiveness of supragingival dental biofilm control during orthodontic treatment and changes in the bacterial profile were analyzed.
DESIGN
Sixty-four participants aged 12-22 years (57% female) were included in the study. Participants underwent orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances and were randomly assigned to one of the three groups, which during a period of one month: (I) used chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX), (II) used high concentration of fluoride (F) gel and (III) performed standard oral hygiene. The plaque and gingivitis index, pH of biofilm and white spot lesions (WSL) were assessed. Changes of the bacteria in the biofilm were analyzed by the quantitative polymerase chain reaction RESULTS: Increase in the plaque index, pH of biofilm, and WSL was observed during orthodontic treatment with standard oral hygiene. Large interindividual variability was present, and the effects of one-month use of fluorides and CHX on clinical parameters were not significant. Despite standard hygiene the abundance of studied biofilm bacteria increased - the most Streptoccocus mutans (14.2x) and S. salivarius (3.3x), moderate Veillonella parvula (3x) and the least S. sobrinus (2.3x) and Agregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (1.9x). The use of CHX reduced S. sobrinus (2.2x) and A. actinomycetemcomitans (1.9x). Fluoride use reduced A. actinomycetemcomitans (1.3x) and S. sobrinus (1.2x). Fluorides better controlled S. mutans than CHX.
CONCLUSION
Bacterial biomass in supragingival biofilm increased during treatment with metal orthodontic appliances, with greater increase in cariogenic bacteria than periopathogens. Fluoride controlled S. mutans, while CHX S. sobrinus and A. actinomycetemcomitans.
Topics: Humans; Biofilms; Female; Adolescent; Chlorhexidine; Child; Male; Orthodontic Appliances, Fixed; Young Adult; Fluorides; Dental Plaque Index; Oral Hygiene; Dental Plaque; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Streptococcus mutans; Gingivitis; Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Dental Caries
PubMed: 38701663
DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2024.105984 -
Bone Aug 2024This review examines the possible role of mitochondria in maintaining calcium and phosphate ion homeostasis and participating in the mineralization of bone, cartilage... (Review)
Review
This review examines the possible role of mitochondria in maintaining calcium and phosphate ion homeostasis and participating in the mineralization of bone, cartilage and other vertebrate hard tissues. The paper builds on the known structural features of mitochondria and the documented observations in these tissues that the organelles contain calcium phosphate granules. Such deposits in mitochondria putatively form to buffer excessively high cytosolic calcium ion concentrations and prevent metabolic deficits and even cell death. While mitochondria protect cytosolic enzyme systems through this buffering capacity, the accumulation of calcium ions by mitochondria promotes the activity of enzymes of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA/Krebs) cycle, increases oxidative phosphorylation and ATP synthesis, and leads to changes in intramitochondrial pH. These pH alterations influence ion solubility and possibly the transitions and composition in the mineral phase structure of the granules. Based on these considerations, mitochondria are proposed to support the mineralization process by providing a mobile store of calcium and phosphate ions, in smaller cluster or larger granule form, while maintaining critical cellular activities. The rise in the mitochondrial calcium level also increases the generation of citrate and other TCA cycle intermediates that contribute to cell function and the development of extracellular mineral. This paper suggests that another key role of the mitochondrion, along with the effects just noted, is to supply phosphate ions, derived from the breakdown of ATP, to endolysosomes and autophagic vesicles originating in the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi and at the plasma membrane. These many separate but interdependent mitochondrial functions emphasize the critical importance of this organelle in the cellular control of vertebrate mineralization.
Topics: Animals; Mitochondria; Humans; Calcification, Physiologic; Vertebrates; Calcium; Phosphates
PubMed: 38697384
DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2024.117112 -
Journal of Oral Pathology & Medicine :... May 2024To evaluate the presence of myofibroblasts (MFs) in the development of lip carcinogenesis, through the correlation of clinical, histomorphometric and immunohistochemical...
Assessment of the association of myofibroblasts and structural components of the extracellular matrix with histopathological parameters of actinic cheilitis and lower lip squamous cell carcinoma.
BACKGROUND
To evaluate the presence of myofibroblasts (MFs) in the development of lip carcinogenesis, through the correlation of clinical, histomorphometric and immunohistochemical parameters, in actinic cheilitis (ACs) and lower lip squamous cell carcinomas (LLSCCs).
METHODS
Samples of ACs, LLSCCs, and control group (CG) were prepared by tissue microarray (TMA) for immunohistochemical TGF-β, α-SMA, and Ki-67 and histochemical hematoxylin and eosin, picrosirius red, and verhoeff van gieson reactions. Clinical and microscopic data were associated using the Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis/Dunn, and Spearman correlation tests (SPSS, p < 0.05).
RESULTS
ACs showed higher number of α-SMA MFs when compared to CG (p = 0.034), and these cells were associated with the vertical expansion of solar elastosis (SE) itself (p = 0.027). Areas of SE had lower deposits of collagen (p < 0.001), immunostaining for TGF-β (p < 0.001), and higher density of elastic fibers (p < 0.05) when compared to areas without SE. A positive correlation was observed between high-risk epithelial dysplasia (ED) and the proximity of SE to the dysplastic epithelium (p = 0.027). LLSCCs showed a higher number of α-SMA MFs about CG (p = 0.034), as well as a reduction in the deposition of total collagen (p = 0.009) in relation to ACs and CG. There was also a negative correlation between the amount of α-SMA cells and the accumulation of total collagen (p = 0.041). Collagen and elastic density loss was higher in larger tumors (p = 0.045) with nodal invasion (p = 0.047).
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings show the possible role of MFs, collagen fibers, and elastosis areas in the lip carcinogenesis process.
Topics: Humans; Cheilitis; Lip Neoplasms; Myofibroblasts; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Male; Female; Middle Aged; Extracellular Matrix; Aged; Transforming Growth Factor beta; Adult; Actins; Immunohistochemistry; Ki-67 Antigen; Collagen; Elastic Tissue
PubMed: 38693618
DOI: 10.1111/jop.13541 -
Oral Health & Preventive Dentistry Apr 2024To investigate the microbiological outcomes obtained with either subgingival debridement (SD) in conjunction with a gel containing sodium hypochlorite and amino acids... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study
PURPOSE
To investigate the microbiological outcomes obtained with either subgingival debridement (SD) in conjunction with a gel containing sodium hypochlorite and amino acids followed by subsequent application of a cross-linked hyaluronic acid gel (xHyA) gel, or with SD alone.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Forty-eight patients diagnosed with stages II-III (grades A/B) generalised periodontitis were randomly treated with either SD (control) or SD plus adjunctive sodium hypochlorite/amino acids and xHyA gel (test). Subgingival plaque samples were collected from the deepest site per quadrant in each patient at baseline and after 3 and 6 months. Pooled sample analysis was performed using a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based method for the identification of detection frequencies and changes in numbers of the following bacteria: Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (A.a), Porphyromonas gingivalis (P.g), Tannerella forsythia (T.f), Treponema denticola (T.d), and Prevotella intermedia (P.i).
RESULTS
In terms of detection frequency, in the test group, statistically significant reductions were found for P.g, T.f, T.d and P.i (p < 0.05) after 6 months. In the control group, the detection frequencies of all investigated bacterial species at 6 months were comparable to the baseline values (p > 0.05). The comparison of the test and control groups revealed statistically significant differences in detection frequency for P.g (p = 0.034), T.d (p < 0.01) and P.i (p = 0.02) after 6 months, favouring the test group. Regarding reduction in detection frequency scores, at 6 months, statistically significant differences in favour of the test group were observed for all investigated bacterial species: A.a (p = 0.028), P.g (p = 0.028), T.f (p = 0.004), T.d (p <0.001), and P.i (p = 0.003).
CONCLUSIONS
The present microbiological results, which are related to short-term outcomes up to 6 months post-treatment, support the adjunctive subgingival application of sodium hypochlorite/amino acids and xHyA to subgingival debridement in the treatment of periodontitis.
Topics: Humans; Hyaluronic Acid; Sodium Hypochlorite; Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Female; Middle Aged; Male; Prevotella intermedia; Tannerella forsythia; Treponema denticola; Adult; Dental Plaque; Amino Acids; Periodontal Debridement; Bacterial Load; Gels; Combined Modality Therapy; Follow-Up Studies; Cross-Linking Reagents; Periodontal Pocket; Periodontitis
PubMed: 38687029
DOI: 10.3290/j.ohpd.b5281925