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Journal of Dental Research, Dental... 2023Orthodontic treatment is becoming more and more popular. However, using fixed orthodontic devices for treatment affects oral hygiene and raises the risk of corrosion,...
BACKGROUND
Orthodontic treatment is becoming more and more popular. However, using fixed orthodontic devices for treatment affects oral hygiene and raises the risk of corrosion, plaque-related illnesses, and dental discoloration-related issues. Air abrasive polishing has a superior effect over the conventional method in removing dental deposits. Using fixed orthodontic appliances affects oral hygiene and raises the risk of diseases caused by plaque, tooth discoloration, and corrosion, as well as corrosion by ions. This study evaluated the impact of air polishing on nickel ion release and corrosion from stainless steel, nickel-titanium, coated stainless steel, and coated nickel-titanium.
METHODS
A total of 288 (stainless steel, coated stainless-steel, nickel-titanium, and coated nickel-titanium rectangular archwires) of one brand were subjected to varying air abrasion polishing times (5, 10, and 20 seconds). Then, they were submerged in artificial saliva with a pH of 6.75 and incubated for 28 days at 37 °C. The release of nickel ions (Ni) was measured using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer at 7, 14, and 28 days to estimate the cumulative effect. The corrosion of the test-selected samples and surface alterations was evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
RESULTS
Prolonged polishing significantly increased Ni release and corrosion. Archwires made of coated stainless steel exhibited the least amount of Ni release.
CONCLUSION
The air polishing process increased the Ni release at a subtoxic level and could be used on adult patients with long gaps between visits with a polishing period of 5 seconds.
PubMed: 38584995
DOI: 10.34172/joddd.2023.40536 -
Shanghai Kou Qiang Yi Xue = Shanghai... Feb 2024To study the structural characteristics of oral microorganisms in children with caries by 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing technology.
PURPOSE
To study the structural characteristics of oral microorganisms in children with caries by 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing technology.
METHODS
Thirty healthy children aged 3-5 years were enrolled as subjects. According to the index of dmfs, they were divided into caries-free (CF) group (15) and early childhood caries (ECC) group(15). To compare the differences in bacterial community structure, samples of saliva and dental plaque were collected, and high-throughput sequencing was conducted using the Illumina Miseq sequencing platform. Bioinformatics analysis was used to analyze the difference of microbial community structure and diversity with SPSS 23.0 software package.
RESULTS
Microbial diversity in ECC group was significantly lower than CF group. At phylum level, Actinobateria was more abundant in saliva samples of ECC group, while Firmicutes was more abundant in plaque samples of CF group. At genus level, the abundance of Lautropia of CF group was higher in saliva samples while Cardiobacterium, Gemella and Granulicatella were abundant in plaque samples. The abundance of Rothia of ECC group was higher in saliva samples and Corynebacterium was abundant of ECC group in plaque samples.
CONCLUSIONS
There are significant differences in the species and composition of microbial community in saliva and plaque of children with or without caries. Specific microorganisms are related to the occurrence of ECC, and screening specific microorganisms is helpful for early prediction and prevention of ECC.
Topics: Child; Humans; Child, Preschool; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Dental Caries Susceptibility; Dental Plaque; Dental Caries; Saliva
PubMed: 38583026
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Esthetic and Restorative... Jul 2024To evaluate the effect of fluoride consistency and composition to protect enamel and dentin against the dental erosion.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the effect of fluoride consistency and composition to protect enamel and dentin against the dental erosion.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Bovine enamel and dentin specimens were treated with artificial saliva, neutral fluoride gel (NFG), acidulated phosphate fluoride gel (AFG), neutral fluoride foam (NFF), and acidulated phosphate fluoride foam. The samples were subjected to cycling. Micro energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, surface roughness (Ra), contact angle (CA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were performed. Composition, CA and Ra data were analyzed by ANOVA and multiple comparison test (p < 0.05).
RESULTS
The dentin protected had a significantly higher mineral content than in the control. Eroded unprotected enamel had higher Ra values than normal surfaces. Fluoride treatments increased the Ra in dentin samples. AFG increased the CA in enamel. Fluoride foams increased CA in dentin with reduced mineral loss. SEM analysis found a deposited layer on enamel treated with AFG and remnants of deposits on dentin treated with NFG and NFF.
CONCLUSION
Regardless of the form of application, fluoride provided protection against erosion, however with different levels.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
Applying the adequate fluoride form is relevant since the formulations have different effects on both enamel and dentin.
Topics: Animals; Tooth Erosion; Cattle; Dental Enamel; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Dentin; Fluorides; Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission; Surface Properties; Acidulated Phosphate Fluoride; Saliva, Artificial; Fluorides, Topical
PubMed: 38581272
DOI: 10.1111/jerd.13233 -
Photobiomodulation, Photomedicine, and... May 2024This study evaluates the shear bond strength (SBS) of yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia (Y-TZP) and resin cement after different surface treatments. Forty-eight...
This study evaluates the shear bond strength (SBS) of yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia (Y-TZP) and resin cement after different surface treatments. Forty-eight ceramic cubes were divided into four groups ( = 12): G1 (control) sandblasting with AlO; G2-sandblasting with silica-coated AlO (Rocatec); G3-Rocatec + CO laser; and G4-CO laser + Rocatec. A metallic primer was applied to the pretreated ceramic. A rubber ring was adapted on the central area, and then, the resin cement was inserted into the matrix and photoactivated. The samples were evaluated regarding surface roughness (Ra), SBS, failure type, and qualitatively with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey's test ( < 0.05). The mean values of Ra (μm) were as follows: G1-4.52, G2-4.24, G3-4.10, and G4-2.90 and the mean values of SBS (MPa) were as follows: G1-7.84 , G2-4.41 , G3-4.61 and G4-6.14. SEM analyses showed superficial irregularities for all groups, being more prominent for G1. The presence of silica deposits was observed for G2, G3, and G4, but in the last two groups there were some linear areas, promoted by the fusion of silica, due to the thermomechanical action of the CO laser. The surface treatment with CO laser + Rocatec, using one MDP-based cement, can be an alternative protocol for the adhesion cementation of Y-TZP ceramic since it was as effective as the conventional pretreatment with aluminum oxide sandblasting.
Topics: Zirconium; Yttrium; Surface Properties; Shear Strength; Materials Testing; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Resin Cements; Ceramics; Dental Bonding; Lasers, Gas; In Vitro Techniques; Silicon Dioxide; Aluminum Oxide
PubMed: 38579157
DOI: 10.1089/photob.2023.0108 -
BMC Oral Health Apr 2024The oral cavity is home to various ecological niches, each with its own unique microbial composition. Understanding the microbial communities and gene composition in...
BACKGROUND
The oral cavity is home to various ecological niches, each with its own unique microbial composition. Understanding the microbial communities and gene composition in different ecological niches within the oral cavity of oral cancer (OC) patients is crucial for determining how these microbial populations contribute to disease progression.
METHODS
In this study, saliva and dental plaque samples were collected from patients with OC. Metagenomic sequencing was employed to analyze the microbial community classification and functional composition of the different sample groups.
RESULTS
The results of the study revealed significant differences in both the function and classification of microbial communities between saliva and dental plaque samples. The diversity of microbial species in saliva was found to be higher compared to that in plaque samples. Notably, Actinobacteria were enriched in the dental plaque of OC patients. Furthermore, the study identified several inter-group differential marker species, including Prevotella intermedia, Haemophilus parahaemolyticus, Actinomyces radius, Corynebacterium matruchitii, and Veillonella atypica. Additionally, 1,353 differential genes were annotated into 23 functional pathways. Interestingly, a significant correlation was observed between differentially labeled species and Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) infection, which may be related to the occurrence and development of cancer.
CONCLUSIONS
Significant differences in the microbial and genetic composition of saliva and dental plaque samples were observed in OC patients. Furthermore, pathogenic bacteria associated with oral diseases were predominantly enriched in saliva. The identification of inter-group differential biomarkers and pathways provide insights into the relationship between oral microbiota and the occurrence and development of OC.
Topics: Humans; Saliva; Dental Plaque; Bacteria; Mouth Neoplasms; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
PubMed: 38575895
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04181-1 -
Vascular Medicine (London, England) Jun 2024Arterial calcification due to deficiency of CD73 (ACDC; OMIM 211800) is a rare genetic disease resulting in calcium deposits in arteries and small joints causing... (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial
BACKGROUND
Arterial calcification due to deficiency of CD73 (ACDC; OMIM 211800) is a rare genetic disease resulting in calcium deposits in arteries and small joints causing claudication, resting pain, severe joint pain, and deformities. Currently, there are no standard treatments for ACDC. Our previous work identified etidronate as a potential targeted ACDC treatment, using in vitro and in vivo disease models with patient-derived cells. In this study, we test the safety and effectiveness of etidronate in attenuating the progression of lower-extremity arterial calcification and vascular blood flow based on the computed tomography (CT) calcium score and ankle-brachial index (ABI).
METHODS
Seven adult patients with a confirmed genetic diagnosis of ACDC were enrolled in an open-label, nonrandomized, single-arm pilot study for etidronate treatment. They took etidronate daily for 14 days every 3 months and were examined at the NIH Clinical Center bi-annually for 3 years. They received a baseline evaluation as well as yearly follow up after treatment. Study visits included imaging studies, exercise tolerance tests with ABIs, clinical blood and urine testing, and full dental exams.
RESULTS
Etidronate treatment appeared to have slowed the progression of further vascular calcification in lower extremities as measured by CT but did not have an effect in reversing vascular and/or periarticular joint calcifications in our small ACDC cohort.
CONCLUSIONS
Etidronate was found to be safe and well tolerated by our patients and, despite the small sample size, appeared to show an effect in slowing the progression of calcification in our ACDC patient cohort..
Topics: Humans; Pilot Projects; Vascular Calcification; Etidronic Acid; Male; Female; Middle Aged; Treatment Outcome; 5'-Nucleotidase; Time Factors; GPI-Linked Proteins; Ankle Brachial Index; Adult; Bone Density Conservation Agents; Disease Progression; Peripheral Arterial Disease; Aged; Lower Extremity; Computed Tomography Angiography; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Regional Blood Flow
PubMed: 38568107
DOI: 10.1177/1358863X241235669 -
Journal of Dentistry Jun 2024To determine and compare the opportunistic respiratory pathogenic index (ORPI) and prevalence of respiratory pathogens between clean and unclean removable prostheses. (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
OBJECTIVES
To determine and compare the opportunistic respiratory pathogenic index (ORPI) and prevalence of respiratory pathogens between clean and unclean removable prostheses.
METHODS
A cross-sectional study was conducted among 97 removable prosthesis wearers at a teaching dental hospital. Participants' prosthesis hygiene was grouped into clean and unclean. After prosthesis plaque samples were sequenced using the Type IIB Restriction-site Associated DNA Sequencing for Microbiome method, the prevalence was assessed for the presence of respiratory pathogens on each sample. The ORPIs for clean and unclean prostheses were quantified based on the sum of the relative abundance of respiratory pathogenic bacteria in a microbiome using a reference database that contains opportunistic respiratory pathogens and disease-associated information.
RESULTS
A total of 30 opportunistic respiratory pathogens were identified on the removable prostheses. Eighty-one (83.5 %) removable prostheses harboured respiratory pathogenic bacteria. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (34.0 %), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (27.8 %), and Streptococcus agalactiae (27.8 %) were the top three prevalent respiratory pathogens detected in plaque samples. There was a significantly higher prevalence of respiratory pathogens residing on unclean than clean prostheses (P = 0.046). However, the ORPIs in both groups showed no statistically significant difference (P = 0.516).
CONCLUSIONS
The ORPIs for both clean and unclean prostheses demonstrated a similar abundance of respiratory pathogens. However, the high prevalence of respiratory pathogens residing on unclean prostheses should not be underestimated. Therefore, maintaining good prosthesis hygiene is still important for overall oral and systemic health, even though the direct link between prosthesis cleanliness and reduced abundance of respiratory pathogens has not been established.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
The association between the prevalence of respiratory pathogens and unclean removable prostheses has been demonstrated and might increase the theoretical risk of respiratory disease development.
Topics: Humans; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Male; Aged; Middle Aged; Prevalence; Dental Plaque; Respiratory Tract Infections; Opportunistic Infections; Oral Hygiene; Microbiota; Bacteria; Aged, 80 and over; Prosthesis-Related Infections; Denture, Partial, Removable
PubMed: 38561038
DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2024.104968 -
Journal of Dentistry Jun 2024Intraoral scanners (IOS) display disclosed plaque, and the scientific literature has reported that plaque levels can be monitored on intraoral scans using one IOS system...
OBJECTIVES
Intraoral scanners (IOS) display disclosed plaque, and the scientific literature has reported that plaque levels can be monitored on intraoral scans using one IOS system (Dexis 3800; control IOS). This study aimed to investigate whether this is also possible with other IOS systems (i700, Primescan, Trios 5; test IOS).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Ten participants (29.6 ± 5.5 years) were enrolled. After plaque accumulation and subsequent toothbrushing, intraoral scans were performed with the control IOS and the three test IOS. All scans were aligned and the vestibular/oral surfaces of the Ramfjord teeth (16, 21, 24, 36, 41, 44) were analysed with automated planimetry using a predefined threshold value. The proportion of pixels assigned to plaque-covered areas was expressed as a percentage of the total number of pixels (P%). We then assessed whether the planimetrically determined plaque-covered areas corresponded to those identified visually. This revealed that a threshold correction (P%) was required for approximately 20 % (i700 and Trios 5) to over 65 % (Primescan) of the images.
RESULTS
Bland-Altman analysis showed no significant systematic bias and limits of agreement ranging from approximately -20 to +20 P% units, with a tendency towards lower values at higher plaque coverage. Manual correction improved the agreement and halved the limits of agreement. All test IOS could detect a reduction in plaque after brushing, as well as the typical site-dependant plaque distribution patterns.
CONCLUSIONS
All test IOS appeared to be suitable for plaque monitoring. Planimetric methods must be adapted to the colour representation of the IOS.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
Plaque monitoring using IOS opens a new field of application in preventive dentistry.
Topics: Humans; Dental Plaque; Adult; Toothbrushing; Female; Male; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Young Adult; Dental Plaque Index; Photography, Dental
PubMed: 38556195
DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2024.104978 -
BMC Oral Health Mar 2024Up to date, interdental brushes (IDB) are the first choice for interdental cleaning because of their cleaning efficacy. Cylindrical ones must be selected individually...
BACKGROUND
Up to date, interdental brushes (IDB) are the first choice for interdental cleaning because of their cleaning efficacy. Cylindrical ones must be selected individually according to the size/morphology of the interdental area (IDR), whereas conical ones cover a larger variability of IDR. However, there is a trend on the part of patients towards interdental rubber picks (IRP) which are in general conically shaped, and which seem to be linked with lower cleaning efficacy. A new IRP with an Archimedes´ screw design was developed to overcome this limitation. Therefore, the in vitro study aimed to measure the experimental cleaning efficacy (ECE) and force (ECF) during interdental use of IDBs versus the new IRP type.
METHODS
Three IRPs with different tapers (PHB angled: 0.039, PHB straight S: 0.027, Vitis straight M: 0.045; all Flexipicks, Dentaid, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain) were compared to one IDB (Interprox micro PHD 0.9, Dentaid, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain). IDR were reproduced by a 3D-printer (Form2, Formlabs Sommerville, MA, USA) according to human teeth and matched to equivalent pairs (isosceles triangle, concave, convex) in three different diameters (1.0 mm,1.1 mm,1.3 mm). Covered with simulated biofilm, pre-/ post-brushing situations of IDR (standardized, computer-aided ten cycles) were photographed and quantified by digital image subtraction to calculate ECE [%]. ECF were registered with a load cell [N]. Statistically significant differences were detected using the Mann-Whitney-U-test and the Kruskal-Wallis-test with Bonferroni correction for multiple testing.
RESULTS
Overall, the ECE (mean ± SD) was higher for IDB micro 0.9 (45.95 ± 11.34%, p < 0.001) compared to all IRPs (PHB angled: 25.37 ± 15.29%; PHB straight: 22.28 ± 16.75%; Vitis straight: 25.24 ± 12.21%; p ≤ 0.001), whereat best ECE was achieved in isosceles triangle IDR of 1.0-1.1 mm (IDB micro 0.9: 70.7 ± 7.7%; PHB angled S: 57.30 ± 4.43%; p < 0.001). The highest ECF occurred for Vitis straight M with 2.11 ± 0.46 N, while IDB micro 0.9 showed lowest ECF values (0.64 ± 0.14 N; p < 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS
IRP with an Archimedes´ screw design and a higher taper were associated with advanced ECE but also higher ECF, nevertheless, ECE didn't reach the cleaning efficacy of conventional IDBs.
Topics: Humans; Dental Devices, Home Care; Rubber; Dental Plaque; Toothbrushing; Bone Screws
PubMed: 38553668
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04162-4 -
Cureus Feb 2024Benign osseous tumors of mesodermal origin that are included within the group of fibro-osseous lesions include cemento-ossifying fibromas (COFs). The fibrocellular...
Benign osseous tumors of mesodermal origin that are included within the group of fibro-osseous lesions include cemento-ossifying fibromas (COFs). The fibrocellular component of these diseases originates from the periodontal ligament, which deposits bone and cementum encased in fibrous tissue. It typically appears in the mandible and presents as a solitary, nonaggressive, slowly developing, asymptomatic, expansile lesion, rarely occurring in the maxilla. The only intervention that proved to be successful in producing excellent outcomes and that may be regarded as a final therapeutic option is the complete surgical removal of COFs. Presenting herein is a case report describing a painless and expansile mass in the left mandibular region, histopathologically diagnosed as COF.
PubMed: 38550404
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.55063