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Annals of Ibadan Postgraduate Medicine Apr 2024A number of challenges are being faced by children in orphanages, a major one being their oral health as a common unmet need. Studies have shown high prevalence of...
BACKGROUND
A number of challenges are being faced by children in orphanages, a major one being their oral health as a common unmet need. Studies have shown high prevalence of dental caries and oro-facial trauma. This has been attributed to overcrowding, lack of adequate staff, poor oral hygiene, improper dietary habits, inadequacies in the orphanage system, as well as inadequacies in the healthcare system.This study aimed at assessing the prevalence and factors affecting dental caries and trauma among children in orphanages in Ibadan.
MATERIALS AND METHOD
All the children within the age group (7 - 15 years) in all the 18 registered orphanages in the 5 Local Government Areas within Ibadan metropolis were recruited into the study. Intra-oral examination was done under natural light and caries detection was done using tactile and visual method. Sterile mouth mirrors and CPI probes were used for this purpose. Dental caries status and the predisposing factors in each child were assessed. Presence of dental trauma and the predisposing factors were also assessed. Data processing was carried out with the aid of SPSS version 21.
RESULTS
One hundred and forty-six children participated in the study, 51.4% of them were males while 48.6% were females. The age range and the mean age of the children were 7 - 15 years 9. 69 ± 3.78 respectively. The prevalence of dental caries among the children was 17.8% while that of dental trauma was 7.5%. The mean DMFT/dmft was found to be 0.42 ± 1.06. Gender and the presence of deep pits and fissures were the statistically significant predictors of dental caries.
CONCLUSION
Oral health is of utmost importance across all ages, much more pertinent among institutionalized children who are prone to dental caries and trauma as revealed by this study. An average child in an orphanage may be affected by both dental caries and trauma, but appears to be more prone to dental caries in this environment.
PubMed: 38939878
DOI: No ID Found -
Brazilian Oral Research 2024To evaluate the effect of acidic challenge on erosion depth and topographic characteristics of different materials used as occlusal sealants. Two hundred specimens of...
To evaluate the effect of acidic challenge on erosion depth and topographic characteristics of different materials used as occlusal sealants. Two hundred specimens of five sealant materials (Fuji IX, Ketac Molar, Fuji II, Equia and Clinpro) and forty bovine teeth enamel samples (control) were prepared and exposed to acidic challenge. The specimens were immersed in four different solutions (orange juice, coke drink, citric acid or distilled water) under mildly shaken conditions for 3 days. The erosion depth profiles were measured using a profilometer and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Two-way ANOVA with Tukey post-hoc test was performed to evaluate the interactions. Sealant material and acidic challenge had significant effects on erosion depth. Among the materials, Fuji II presented the highest mean of erosion depth after immersion in orange juice, coke drink, and citric acid. All materials groups presented higher erosion depth values after immersion in the citric acid solution, except Clinpro. Bovine enamel presented higher erosion depth values compared to all materials when submitted to erosive challenge. Sealant materials submitted to the acidic challenge presented different degrees of erosion and topographic modification; however, they are less susceptible to erosion than bovine teeth enamel.
Topics: Cattle; Animals; Tooth Erosion; Dental Enamel; Materials Testing; Citric Acid; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Pit and Fissure Sealants; Analysis of Variance; Time Factors; Surface Properties; Glass Ionomer Cements; Reproducibility of Results; Carbonated Beverages; Reference Values; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Composite Resins
PubMed: 38922213
DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2024.vol38.0053 -
Materials (Basel, Switzerland) May 2024The purpose of the present study was to perform a preliminary analysis of the fitting of different fiber-reinforced composite (GFRC) posts to tooth root canals and...
The purpose of the present study was to perform a preliminary analysis of the fitting of different fiber-reinforced composite (GFRC) posts to tooth root canals and determine the resin cement layer thickness. The following GFRC posts were assessed: bundle posts (Rebilda GT, VOCO, Germany), sleeve system (SAP, Angelus Ind, Brazil), and accessory posts (Reforpin, Angelus, Brazil). Twenty-four freshly extracted mandibular single-rooted pre-molars were endodontically treated and divided into six groups, according to the type of GFRC post and resin cement (self-adhesive or conventional dual-cured). Then, specimens were cross-sectioned and inspected by optical microscopy regarding the cement layer thickness and presence of defects such as pores, voids, or fissures were assessed. Bundle and accessory posts revealed a regular distribution of resin cement with a lower number of voids than found with sleeve systems. The sleeve system posts showed poor fitting at the apical portion of the root canals. The type of resin cement did not affect the thickness of the interface, although both bundle and accessory posts allow a better distribution of resin cement and fibers. The present preliminary study reveals interesting insights on the fitting of bundle and accessory posts to root dentin and resin cement layer thickness in oval-shape root canals. The sleeve system posts showed adequate fitting only at the coronal portion of the canals.
PubMed: 38893784
DOI: 10.3390/ma17112520 -
Japanese Journal of Radiology Jun 2024The findings of brain perfusion single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), which detects abnormalities often before changes manifest in morphological imaging,... (Review)
Review
The findings of brain perfusion single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), which detects abnormalities often before changes manifest in morphological imaging, mainly reflect neurodegeneration and contribute to dementia evaluation. A major shift is about to occur in dementia practice to the approach of diagnosing based on biomarkers and treating with disease-modifying drugs. Accordingly, brain perfusion SPECT will be required to serve as a biomarker of neurodegeneration. Hypoperfusion in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is typically seen in the posterior cingulate cortex and precuneus early in the disease, followed by the temporoparietal cortices. On the other hand, atypical presentations of AD such as the posterior variant, logopenic variant, frontal variant, and corticobasal syndrome exhibit hypoperfusion in areas related to symptoms. Additionally, hypoperfusion especially in the precuneus and parietal association cortex can serve as a predictor of progression from mild cognitive impairment to AD. In dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), the differentiating feature is the presence of hypoperfusion in the occipital lobes in addition to that observed in AD. Hypoperfusion of the occipital lobe is not a remarkable finding, as it is assumed to reflect functional loss due to impairment of the cholinergic and dopaminergic systems rather than degeneration per se. Moreover, the cingulate island sign reflects the degree of AD pathology comorbid in DLB. Frontotemporal dementia is characterized by regional hypoperfusion according to the three clinical types, and the background pathology is diverse. Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus shows apparent hypoperfusion around the Sylvian fissure and corpus callosum and apparent hyperperfusion in high-convexity areas. The cortex or striatum with diffusion restriction on magnetic resonance imaging in prion diseases reflects spongiform degeneration and brain perfusion SPECT reveals hypoperfusion in the same areas. Brain perfusion SPECT findings in dementia should be carefully interpreted considering background pathology.
PubMed: 38888851
DOI: 10.1007/s11604-024-01612-5 -
The Saudi Dental Journal Jun 2024This randomized clinical trial aimed to evaluate the impact of DryShield isolation (DSI) and rubber dam isolation (RDI) system usage on vital signs, behavior, pain and...
OBJECTIVES
This randomized clinical trial aimed to evaluate the impact of DryShield isolation (DSI) and rubber dam isolation (RDI) system usage on vital signs, behavior, pain and discomfort, and chairside time required among children with different airway patencies based on the Modified Mallampati Classification (MMC).
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Healthy, cooperative children who required fissure sealant in at least two contralateral, fully erupted, permanent first molars were included. Airway patency was determined by two trained and calibrated dentists using the MMC. The participants were categorized based on their MMC scores into patent airways (classes I and II) and non-patent airways (classes III and IV). The dental procedure was videotaped during treatment, and vital signs, including arterial oxygen saturation, heart rate, and blood pressure, were recorded every 3 min. The participants' subjective pain and discomfort were evaluated using a previously validated Arabic interview questionnaire and a validated Arabic version of the Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale. The participants' behavior and behavioral pain were evaluated utilizing the Frankl Behavior Scale and the face, legs, activity, cry, and consolability scales, respectively.
RESULTS
There were no significant differences in any of the vital signs between DSI and RDI. DSI use yielded a significant reduction in chairside time ( < 0.001) and was more bothersome ( < 0.001) than RDI use among all participants, regardless of airway patency. DSI was associated with significantly better behavior during the dental procedure ( = 0.002) and less behavioral pain ( < 0.001) among all participants, regardless of airway patency.
CONCLUSION
Irrespective of airway patency, DSI outperformed RDI in terms of behavior, pain, and procedure duration; however, DSI was characterized by noise, pressure on soft tissues, and an increased tendency to induce gag reflexes.
PubMed: 38883897
DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2024.03.013 -
Bioinformation 2024A preferable choice of material offers superior resistance against micro-leakage for clinical applications in preventing dental caries in pits and fissures is of...
A preferable choice of material offers superior resistance against micro-leakage for clinical applications in preventing dental caries in pits and fissures is of interest. A total of 45 extracted human premolars were cleaned, stored in a saline solution, and randomly divided into three groups, each intended for treatment with one of the sealants: Fuzi VII, ClinPro, and Embrace Wetbond. The application of the sealants followed the manufacturers' instructions strictly. The teeth were subjected to thermal cycling to simulate oral conditions. Marginal micro-leakage was then assessed by dye penetration method using a 0.5% methylene blue dye. Teeth were sectioned, and dye penetration was measured under a stereomicroscope. The results showed that all the tested materials exhibited some degree of micro-leakage. Within the limitations of this study, it was concluded that Embrace Wetbond exhibited superior performance in terms of minimizing marginal micro-leakage among the tested pit and fissure sealants.
PubMed: 38854762
DOI: 10.6026/973206300200319 -
Journal of Stomatology, Oral and... Jun 2024The purpose of this clinical study was to evaluate the efficacy of the preseptal transconjunctival approach with Y modification of the cutaneous extension for the...
'Y' Modification of the cutaneous incision of the preseptal transconjunctival approach for the management of zygomatico-maxillary complex fractures: A prospective clinical study.
AIM
The purpose of this clinical study was to evaluate the efficacy of the preseptal transconjunctival approach with Y modification of the cutaneous extension for the management of zygomaticomaxillary complex (ZMC) fractures.
METHODS
This prospective interventional study was conducted at our institute from 2012 to 2020. The study included patients aged 15-65 years with displaced ZMC fractures. Patients with uncontrolled systemic conditions, infected and/or comminuted fractures were excluded. The variables evaluated were age, gender, mechanism of injury, fracture side, clinical features, surgical exposure time, adequacy of exposure, complications, scar evaluation scores and cosmetic outcomes. The parameters for comparison were operated versus non operated side Eye Fissure Index (EFI) and surgical exposure time was compared with respect to the types of scars.
RESULTS
A total of 49 patients were included in this study. The average exposure time was 18.87 ± 1.92 min. The exposure of fracture site was excellent in 73.5 % and satisfactory in 26.5 %. The mean EFI of operated side was 34.2 ± 5.04 mm while that of non-operated side was 34.22 ± 5 mm. On comparison of the same there was no significant difference. Invisible scars were noted in 71.4 % and barely visible scars in 22.4 %. The comparison of exposure time with type of scars showed a significant association (p = 0.02). The complications noted were chemosis, lower eyelid edema, conjunctival granuloma and entropion. Cosmetic outcomes were fairly satisfactory.
CONCLUSION
The Y modification of the transconjunctival approach can provide excellent surgical exposure without the need for a second incision. Although this approach is technique sensitive and requires experience, the advantages outweigh the learning curve. Since this approach has been widely studied, a systematized review is recommended to further substantiate its reliability and advantages.
PubMed: 38830509
DOI: 10.1016/j.jormas.2024.101927 -
Pediatric Dentistry May 2024The purpose of the study was to determine whether visiting only a pediatric dentist (as opposed to visiting only a general dentist) was associated with the provision of... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
The purpose of the study was to determine whether visiting only a pediatric dentist (as opposed to visiting only a general dentist) was associated with the provision of preventive dental services for a U.S.-based pediatric population (those 18 years and younger). This study analyzed pooled Medical Expenditure Panel Survey data from 2018 and 2019 to compare the use of certain preventive dental services (i.e., examination, radiographs, prophylaxis, dental sealant, and fluoride treatment) among those who reported visiting a pediatric dentist versus those who visited a general dentist. Survey procedures were used in Stata 14.0 to perform multivariable logistic regression analyses. Controlling for demographic and insurance variables, children who visited only pediatric dentists had statistically significantly greater odds of receiving radiographs (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] equals 1.22; 95 percent confidence interval [95% CI] equals 1.01 to 1.48; P=0.04), fluoride treatment (AOR equals 1.57; 95% CI equals 1.30 to 1.90; P≤0.001), and sealants (AOR equals 1.63; 95% CI equals 1.24 to 2.16; P=0.001) compared to children who visited only general dentists. There was no statistically significant difference in the provision of periodic examinations and prophylaxis services. Based on the nationally representative data evaluated, pediatric dentists are more likely to provide more optimal preventive services than general dentists (i.e., radiographs, fluoride treatments, and sealants) to children in the United States.
Topics: Humans; Child; Pediatric Dentistry; United States; Dental Care for Children; Adolescent; Male; Female; Child, Preschool; General Practice, Dental; Preventive Dentistry; Pit and Fissure Sealants; Infant; Dentists; Practice Patterns, Dentists'
PubMed: 38822502
DOI: No ID Found -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2024Alveolar cleft (AC) is a common congenital defect in people with cleft lip and palate (CLP). Alveolar bone grafting (ABG) is typically performed during adolescence,...
INTRODUCTION
Alveolar cleft (AC) is a common congenital defect in people with cleft lip and palate (CLP). Alveolar bone grafting (ABG) is typically performed during adolescence, resulting in the fissure remaining in the mouth for a longer length of time. Patients with AC have a greater rate of oral diseases such as dental caries than the normal population, and the precise characteristics of the bacterial alterations caused by AC are unknown.
METHODS
We recruited a total of 87 subjects and collected dental plaque samples from AC adolescents (AAP), post-operative ABG adolescents (PAP), healthy control adolescents (CAP), AC young adults (AYP), post-operative ABG young adults (PYP), and healthy control young adults (CYP). The sequencing of 16S rRNA genes was performed.
RESULTS
The microbial composition of plaque from alveolar cleft patients differed significantly from age-matched healthy controls. Linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) analysis revealed that AAP was enriched for , and , whereas AYP was enriched for , and . There were phenotypic differences in facultatively anaerobic, Gram-negative, Gram-positive, and oxidative stress tolerance between the AYP group with longer alveolar cleft and the healthy control group according to Bugbase phenotypic predictions. Alveolar bone grafting did not alter the functional phenotype of alveolar cleft patients but reduced the number of differential genera between alveolar cleft patients and healthy controls at both ages.
CONCLUSIONS
Our study systematically characterized the supragingival plaque microbiota of alveolar cleft patients, post-alveolar bone grafting patients, and matched healthy controls in two ages to gain a better understanding of plaque ecology and microbiology associated with alveolar clefts.
Topics: Humans; Dental Plaque; Cleft Palate; Adolescent; Microbiota; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Female; Male; Cleft Lip; Young Adult; Bacteria; Alveolar Bone Grafting; Adult
PubMed: 38800834
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1361206