-
Journal of Conservative Dentistry and... May 2024Biodentine is widely used for endodontic applications; recently, it has been incorporated with triple antibiotic paste (TAP). The effect of endodontic irrigants on the...
BACKGROUND
Biodentine is widely used for endodontic applications; recently, it has been incorporated with triple antibiotic paste (TAP). The effect of endodontic irrigants on the physical characteristics of this new combination needs to be studied.
AIMS
The aim of the study was to evaluate the surface roughness and microhardness of Biodentine incorporated with TAP subjected to various endodontic irrigants.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Hundred cylindrical discs (6 mm × 3 mm) were prepared by mixing the Biodentine with TAP (3:1). The specimens were subjected to different irrigating solutions for 5 min in 5 groups ( = 20): Group 1: distilled water (control), Group 2: 2.5% sodium hypochlorite, Group 3: 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, Group 4: 2% chlorhexidine (CHX), and Group 5: 2% chitosan nanoparticles (CSNs). Half of the specimens in each group were subjected to surface roughness ( = 10) and another half to microhardness ( = 10). Surface roughness was measured using a surface roughness tester, and digital Vickers microhardness testing was performed on each specimen.
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
One-way ANOVA and Tukey's tests ( ≤ 0.05) were used.
RESULTS
The highest microhardness was found with 2% CSN, whereas 2% CSN and 2% CHX had a minimal effect on the surface roughness of Biodentine incorporated with TAP ( ≤ 0.05).
CONCLUSION
The root canal irrigant 2% CSN exhibited the highest microhardness and least surface roughness of modified Biodentine with TAP.
PubMed: 38939547
DOI: 10.4103/JCDE.JCDE_58_24 -
Journal of Conservative Dentistry and... May 2024The aim of this study was to compare the accuracy of two different electronic apex locators (EALs) in detecting simulated incomplete vertical root fractures (VRFs).
AIM
The aim of this study was to compare the accuracy of two different electronic apex locators (EALs) in detecting simulated incomplete vertical root fractures (VRFs).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Thirty freshly extracted single-rooted teeth were randomly divided into three groups of 10 teeth each labeled as Groups A, B, and C. Incomplete VRFs were simulated in the coronal, middle, and apical one-third of the roots for Groups A, B, and C, respectively. The teeth were embedded in alginate mold and fracture location was determined with Root ZX and Propex EALs for each sample and each group. To calculate the actual length (AL), each sample was sectioned at the upper level of the vertical fracture, and the length was measured by setting the stopper of the #10 K file under a stereomicroscope at ×30 magnification. The electronic lengths and ALs were compared using computer software, and the results were analyzed using SPSS 28.0 at a 95% confidence level.
RESULTS
No significant differences were seen in the accuracy of the two EALs when compared with ALs. Root ZX showed significantly longer measurements than ALs in groups B and C.
CONCLUSION
The tested EALs showed low accuracy (20%) in detecting simulated incomplete VRFs with a tendency for longer measurements compared to ALs.
PubMed: 38939546
DOI: 10.4103/JCDE.JCDE_132_24 -
Journal of Conservative Dentistry and... May 2024The present systematic review aims to assess the success rate of the pulp regeneration treatment, according to the American Association of Endodontists (AAE) criteria,... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
The present systematic review aims to assess the success rate of the pulp regeneration treatment, according to the American Association of Endodontists (AAE) criteria, using different bioactive materials in permanent teeth of pediatric subjects (6-17 years of age).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The study protocol was registered on PROSPERO and adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses statement. The question formulation was accomplished using the PICO model, and an electronic search was carried out on Scopus, MEDLINE/PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases till April 1, 2023. A total of 30 studies were established to fulfill the inclusion criteria of this systematic review.
RESULTS
A total of 273 teeth have been treated with pulp regeneration treatment. By comparing different biomaterials and the success criteria defined by the AAE, the material associated with a higher success rate was found to be the white mineral trioxide aggregate. However, the overall success rate of pulp regeneration treatment was reported for 248 out of 273 teeth (91.20%).
CONCLUSIONS
Data obtained support the potential that regenerative endodontics aids in continuing root development in permanent immature teeth. Further studies are needed for a more extensive evaluation of the use of different biomaterials and the success rate in regenerative endodontics.
PubMed: 38939542
DOI: 10.4103/JCDE.JCDE_140_24 -
Journal of Conservative Dentistry and... May 2024The purpose of this study was to evaluate the immunohistochemical effect of hyaluronic acid (HA) on the mineralization rate of the reparative dentin when it is used as a...
OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the immunohistochemical effect of hyaluronic acid (HA) on the mineralization rate of the reparative dentin when it is used as a mixing medium with mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Direct pulp capping (DPC) was performed on 90 teeth from 10 dogs that had been experimentally exposed. The exposed pulps were divided into three groups according to the mixing medium with MTA: Group I: MTA + distilled water (control group), Group II: MTA + hybrid cooperative complex HA (HCC-HA), Group III: MTA + high molecular weight HA (HMW-HA). After pulp capping, all cavities were restored with final restoration. The dogs were divided randomly into five groups (two dogs each) according to the evaluation periods (7, 14, 21, 30, and 60) days. At the end of the study, the dogs were euthanized, and the sampled teeth were processed for immunohistochemical investigation.
RESULTS
Both types of HA (HCC-HA, HMW-HA) showed an increase in the expression of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) at a higher rate than using distilled water with MTA.
CONCLUSIONS
Within the limitations of this study, HA proved to be an effective additive to MTA for DPC.
PubMed: 38939541
DOI: 10.4103/JCDE.JCDE_88_24 -
Journal of Conservative Dentistry and... May 2024The aim of the study is to check the antibacterial efficacy of various ayurvedic oils used as a solvent with zinc oxide for preparing endodontic sealers.
AIM
The aim of the study is to check the antibacterial efficacy of various ayurvedic oils used as a solvent with zinc oxide for preparing endodontic sealers.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Forty-five extracted premolars were taken and were cut coronally and apically such that 7 mm of tooth specimen was prepared. Teeth were sterilized by autoclaving inoculated with and incubated for 24 h. The specimens were divided into three groups of 15 each. Group 1 - ZnO powder + Eugenol, Group 2 - ZnO powder + Aremidadi Oil, and Group 3 - ZnO powder + Dashmool oil. Bacterial growth in each specimen was calculated before and after sealer application and noted as the initial and final colony count. The antimicrobial effect of each sealer was measured by calculating the percentage reduction in colony count (%). One-way analysis of variance and tests will be used for statistical analysis.
RESULTS
The Zn + Arimedadi oil group showed the maximum antibacterial effect among the sealers tested and the Zn + eugenol sealer showed the least antimicrobial effect In comparison, there was a statistically significant difference between all the groups.
CONCLUSION
Ayurvedic oil-based root canal sealers showed better antibacterial efficacy than eugenol-based sealers. Arimedadi oil showed the highest antibacterial activity against and Eugenol showed the least when used as a solvent.
PubMed: 38939540
DOI: 10.4103/JCDE.JCDE_119_24 -
Journal of Conservative Dentistry and... May 2024The purpose of this study is to comparatively evaluate the effect of discoloration of nanohybrid composite by four different phytopigments.
OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study is to comparatively evaluate the effect of discoloration of nanohybrid composite by four different phytopigments.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Fifty disk-shaped samples of nanohybrid (3M Filtek Z350) resin composites were prepared using an acrylic template of dimension 5 mm × 3 mm. They were randomly divided into five groups and immersed in solutions of tomato powder, beetroot powder, java plum powder, and turmeric powder. Distilled water was used as the control group. The samples were placed in respective solutions for 3 h daily and stored in artificial saliva for the rest of the day for 28 days. Color values (L*, a*, b*) were measured by colorimeter using the CIE L*a*b* system at the end of the 7 and 28 days of immersion. Color differences ΔE*ab were statistically analyzed.
RESULTS
All the samples showed a change in color of nanohybrid composite resin to varying degrees. The mean ΔE*ab value obtained with beetroot solution was the highest among all the groups at the end of the 7 and 28 days, depicting that beetroot solution showed maximum mean color variation, followed by java plum solution, turmeric solution, and tomato solution.
CONCLUSION
All the phytopigments used in this study have the potential to discolor the nanohybrid composite resin, with beetroot causing the most severe discoloration.
PubMed: 38939539
DOI: 10.4103/JCDE.JCDE_169_24 -
Journal of Conservative Dentistry and... May 2024To evaluate cleaning efficacy and debris extrusion of supplementary file systems XP Endo Finisher (XPEF) and XP Endo Finisher R (XPEFR) in endodontic retreatment.
AIM
To evaluate cleaning efficacy and debris extrusion of supplementary file systems XP Endo Finisher (XPEF) and XP Endo Finisher R (XPEFR) in endodontic retreatment.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Thirty single-rooted teeth with single canals were selected, canal preparation done till file #30 6% and obturation completed using lateral condensation technique with AH Plus sealer. The samples were stored at 37°C in a 100% humidity incubator for 7 days. The samples were distributed across the three groups according to the method of retreatment ( = 10): Group I: Neo Endo retreatment (NER) files, Group II: NER files + XPEF, and Group III: NER files + XPEFR. Removal of gutta percha using each file system according to the distributed groups was performed. The extruded debris was collected in an Eppendorf tube, dried in a hot air oven, and weighed. Teeth were sliced longitudinally using carborundum discs. Coronal, middle, and apical thirds were assessed for cleaning efficacy under a stereomicroscope. Results were tabulated and subjected to the statistical analysis using the Kruskal-Wallis -test followed by turkey HSD test. All statistical tests were carried out at significance level < 0.05.
RESULTS
It was seen that Group II (NER files + XPEF) exhibited better cleaning efficacy than Group III (NER files + XPEFR), although the results were not statistically significant. Greater debris extrusion was seen with Group III when compared to Group II.
CONCLUSION
Supplementary files XPEF/XPEFR enhance the cleaning efficacy in endodontic retreatment, but the debris extrusion of XPEFR is more than XPEF.
PubMed: 38939537
DOI: 10.4103/JCDE.JCDE_90_24 -
Journal of Conservative Dentistry and... May 2024This study aims to evaluate the microleakage between the gingival seat and base material and to assess the interface integrity between the base material and overlying...
Deep margin elevation in class II cavities: A comparative evaluation of microleakage and interface integrity using confocal laser microscopy and scanning electron microscopy.
AIM
This study aims to evaluate the microleakage between the gingival seat and base material and to assess the interface integrity between the base material and overlying composite in class II cavities restored using deep margin elevation.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Thirty maxillary molars ( = 30) were taken, and class II cavities were prepared with a gingival seat extending below the cementoenamel junction. These teeth were divided into three groups for subgingival margin elevation using different materials: Group A ( = 10) - flowable composite, Group B ( = 10) - glass ionomer cement (GIC), and Group C ( = 10) - GIC with nanohydroxyapatite (GIC n-HAp). The remaining cavities were restored with bulk-fill composite. After undergoing 1000 thermocycling cycles, half of the samples were examined for microleakage using confocal laser microscopy, and the other half were assessed for interface integrity using scanning electron microscopy. Microleakage was statistically analyzed by one-way ANOVA, and interface integrity was analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis tests.
RESULTS
The study found that GIC n-HAp exhibited significantly lower microleakage between the base material and gingival seat than flowable composite and GIC. However, regarding interface integrity between the base material and bulk-fill composite, flowable composite, and GIC outperformed GIC n-HAp.
CONCLUSIONS
Incorporating n-HAp into GIC effectively reduced microleakage at the dentin-base material interface. However, the interface integrity between GIC n-HAp and the composite poses a challenge.
PubMed: 38939536
DOI: 10.4103/JCDE.JCDE_155_24 -
Journal of Conservative Dentistry and... May 2024To evaluate the efficacy of incorporated novel additives in Glass Ionomer Cement to ameliorate biocompatibility and mechanical properties.
AIM
To evaluate the efficacy of incorporated novel additives in Glass Ionomer Cement to ameliorate biocompatibility and mechanical properties.
INTRODUCTION
Though Glass Ionomer Cement (GIC) has multiple advantages, it is not strong enough for medical applications, and its biocompatibility is questionable. To improve biocompatibility and its mechanical properties, a study was performed to investigate the potential benefits of adding graphene, carbon nanotubes, hydroxyapatite, and bioactive glass to GIC. The objective was to enhance both the mechanical properties and biocompatibility of GIC.
MATERIAL AND METHOD
Modified Glass Ionomer Cement was prepared by creating five groups. Hydroxyapatite, multi-walled carbon nanotubes, graphene, and bioactive glass were incorporated in a 10:1 weight ratio, respectively. Group 5 was designated as the control group and used Fuji Type II GIC. After preparing 90 samples, they were kept in deionized water for a day and then evaluated their compressive strength, microhardness, and diametral tensile strength, and also checked their in vitro cytotoxicity by direct contact with L929 mammalian fibroblast cells.
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
The data were examined using mean and standard deviation descriptive statistics. The comparative evaluation was done via Tukey HSD test and one-way ANOVA using S.P.S.S. software.
RESULT
It showed that Group 3 had better results in compressive strength (144.478+- 3.989), diametral tensile strength (20.29+- 0.8601), and microhardness (131+-3.536) when compared with other groups while in the biocompatibility (viability %) Group 1 [82.55], Group 3 [76.49], Group 4 [87.63], while Group 2[58.02].
CONCLUSION
Group 3 has better physical properties in microhardness, diametral tensile strength, and compressive strength, than the other groups. In Biocompatibility, Group 1, Group 3, Group 4, and Group 5 were noncytotoxic at the same time multi-walled carbon nanotubes group (Group 2) had cytotoxic potential.
PubMed: 38939535
DOI: 10.4103/JCDE.JCDE_81_24 -
Cureus May 2024Root resorption is a challenging endodontic case in terms of the management of both hard and soft tissues in patients. It requires thorough knowledge, the proper choice...
Root resorption is a challenging endodontic case in terms of the management of both hard and soft tissues in patients. It requires thorough knowledge, the proper choice of material, and regular follow-ups. Several etiological factors are responsible for the susceptibility of the tooth to resorption. The most common are dental caries and trauma. This case report sheds light on the etiopathogenesis of the development of internal root resorption and the clinical management of the resorptive defect. It also focuses on the need for proper diagnostic methodology for treating such complex defects.
PubMed: 38939253
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.61214