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Indian Journal of Dental Research :... Jan 2024Dental Unit Water Line (DUWL) deliver water to different handpieces in a dental unit. The water in DUWL circulates in a closed system, where it is taken from a...
BACKGROUND
Dental Unit Water Line (DUWL) deliver water to different handpieces in a dental unit. The water in DUWL circulates in a closed system, where it is taken from a container. The quality of dental water is of considerable importance since patients and dental staff are regularly exposed to water and aerosols generated from dental equipment. Output water from DUWLs may be a potential source of infection for both dental health care personnel and patients.
AIM
To assess the microbial contamination in the DUWL among dental clinics in Chennai.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
An in vitro study was conducted on 60 water samples from 20 dental clinics in Chennai in December 2019. Water samples were collected from three different sources of the Dental unit according to ADA guidelines. The collected samples were assessed for the presence of Aspergillus, Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Legionella by agar plate method. The data were analysed using SPSS software version 20.
RESULTS
Legionella was the most prevalent microorganism with 70% prevalence in a three-way syringe and 50% in scaler and airotor, followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter with 10% prevalence in scaler and airotor and Aspergillus with a prevalence of 10% in the three-way syringe.
CONCLUSION
Most of the dental units were contaminated with Aspergillus, Legionella, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter which pose a serious threat to the patients as well as the dentists.
Topics: India; Dental Clinics; Equipment Contamination; Water Microbiology; Dental Equipment; Humans; Legionella; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Acinetobacter; In Vitro Techniques
PubMed: 38934755
DOI: 10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_463_22 -
Indian Journal of Dental Research :... Jan 2024Dental radiography is an integral part of intraoral evaluation. Children are often uncomfortable during the placement of film or sensor due to the impingement of the...
BACKGROUND
Dental radiography is an integral part of intraoral evaluation. Children are often uncomfortable during the placement of film or sensor due to the impingement of the soft tissues. Thus, the perception of pain with three intraoral radiographic methods in children was evaluated using three subjective pain rating scales.
AIM
To evaluate the discomfort with three different techniques, that is, intraoral periapical (IOPA) radiograph, charge-coupled device (CCD), and photostimulable phosphor (PSP) luminescence (PSPL), using the Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale (WBFPRS), numerical rating scale, and visual analog scale (VAS).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A sample of 35 children aged 6-12 years were divided into two groups: group 1 (6-8 years) and group 2 (9-12 years). For each child, simulations of the three radiological methods (IOPA, CCD, and PSPL) were performed. The meaning of each facial expression on the WBFPRS, VAS, and the numbers on the numerical rating scale was explained to each child before the procedure.
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED
A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test and paired-samples t-test are used.
RESULTS
The results revealed that the CCD sensors elicited higher pain scores than those obtained with IOPA and PSPL, whereas the IOPA film showed the least pain score. Higher score values were obtained in group 1 than in group 2, indicating that children aged 6-8 years felt higher discomfort than the 9- to 12-year age group for the same procedure. This difference was statistically significant (P < 0.001).
CONCLUSION
It was concluded that conventional IOPA films were tolerated better by children when compared to PSP plates and CCD sensors.
Topics: Humans; Child; Pain Measurement; Male; Female; Radiography, Dental, Digital; Pain Perception; Radiography, Dental
PubMed: 38934750
DOI: 10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_78_23 -
Indian Journal of Dental Research :... Jan 2024Periodontitis and type 2 diabetes are chronic inflammatory diseases that increase inflammatory Interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels that induce the production of advanced...
BACKGROUND
Periodontitis and type 2 diabetes are chronic inflammatory diseases that increase inflammatory Interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels that induce the production of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) causing receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL) expression on osteoclasts, contributing to further alveolar bone destruction.
AIM
To assess the role and diagnostic potential of salivary IL-6 (SIL-6) in the detection and evaluation of chronic periodontitis (CP) and tooth loss in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This cross-sectional study comprised 240 subjects aged 30-69 years with minimum of 15 natural teeth. Fasting, unstimulated whole saliva was collected, full-mouth intra-oral examination and periodontal evaluation were performed using PCP-UNC 15 probe and glycaemic (HbA1c) levels were analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. Subjects were categorised into four groups of 60 participants each: Group 1 (controls); Group 2 (CP); Group 3 (T2DM with CP); Group 4 (T2DM with CP and tooth loss). Salivary IL-6 levels were quantitatively assessed by enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay method.
RESULTS
Average SIL-6 levels were significantly elevated in Group 4 (T2DM with CP and tooth loss) (P = 0.001) and in severe periodontitis (P = 0.001). Karl Pearson Correlation found a significant association between average SIL-6 and average periodontal pocket depth (APPD) (r = 0.180), average clinical attachment loss ≥3 mm (ACAL3) (r = 0.289) and severity of periodontitis (r = 0.3228). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve depicted an overall sensitivity of 53.3%, specificity of 68.6% and accuracy of 60% in the detection and assessment of CP in T2DM with tooth loss.
CONCLUSION
IL-6 in saliva is a valuable, non-invasive biomarker in the detection and evaluation of CP in T2DM with tooth loss.
Topics: Humans; Chronic Periodontitis; Middle Aged; Interleukin-6; Saliva; Biomarkers; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Tooth Loss; Adult; Male; Aged
PubMed: 38934745
DOI: 10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_112_23 -
Indian Journal of Dental Research :... Jan 2024Epistemic injustice and the so-called "predators" or illegitimate publishers are the challenges of Southern scholarly publishing. Even though open access (OA) publishing...
BACKGROUND
Epistemic injustice and the so-called "predators" or illegitimate publishers are the challenges of Southern scholarly publishing. Even though open access (OA) publishing is revolutionary in academic publishing, increased compensation from authors in the form of author processing charges (APCs) by commercial publishers has marginalized knowledge creation in the Global South. The purpose of this study was to map the nature and scope of dental journal publishing in India.
METHODS
We searched databases like Scopus, WoS, DOAJ, and the UGC CARE list for dental journals published in India.
RESULT
There are currently 35 active dental journals, which mostly belong to or are affiliated with non-profit organizations (26, 55.9%) or educational institutions (9, 25.8%). The publication of 25 journals has been outsourced to international commercial publishers, with most of these linked to non-profit organizations. About 39.8% of Indian dental journals are OA and almost half charge APCs. Around 60% of the Indian journals are indexed in Scopus, and slightly less than half (12) are included in the Web of Science (WoS).
DISCUSSION
The monopoly of international commercial publishers and the presence of APCs are the real culprits of epistemic injustice in Indian dental journal publishing. Besides, the identification of regional legitimate publishers would help demarcate the term "predatory publishing".
CONCLUSION
The post-colonial world witnessed an emergence in Southern scholarly publishing. However, the hegemony or neoliberal exploitation of international commercial publishers and the prolonged use of "predators" in scholarly debates marginalized the knowledge produced in the Global South.
Topics: India; Periodicals as Topic; Publishing; Pilot Projects; Humans; Dental Research; Knowledge
PubMed: 38934743
DOI: 10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_738_23 -
The Journal of Craniofacial Surgery Jun 2024ORIF is the gold standard for the management of mandibular fractures. The chances of postoperative complications are due to infection, damage of the inferior alveolar...
INTRODUCTION
ORIF is the gold standard for the management of mandibular fractures. The chances of postoperative complications are due to infection, damage of the inferior alveolar nerve canal, or tooth root during the fixation of the fracture fragments. Fixation hardware placed in the vicinity of the vital structures may encroach on the anatomic structures, leading to postoperative complications.
AIM
The aim of this study is to evaluate the injury to the anatomic structures in the proximity of the fracture line due to the fixation device.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
This retrospective study was conducted in a tertiary care teaching hospital from July 2021 to June 2023. The cases of maxillofacial trauma reported and referred from peripheral centers were considered duly, applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Patients having mandibular fractures from one mandibular foramen to another with or without associated other facial fractures were treated by ORIF under general anesthesia. The patient was followed up at 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months. The cases of postoperative complications were further investigated by CBCT.
RESULT
There were 67 patients (56 males and 11 females) with 86 fracture lines in the age group of 18-55 years with an average age of 35.2 years. Postoperatively 7 patients presented with unilateral paresthesia of the lower lip and chin region. CBCT revealed that the mean distance of the screw from the inferior alveolar nerve canal was 3.02 mm. None of these cases had injury to the nerve canal or roots of teeth. All the patients recovered from paresthesia within 6 months.
DISCUSSION
Complications like injury to the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) with sensory disturbances to the lower lip and chin, as well as tooth/tooth root fractures, may occur due to mandibular fracture, surgical manipulation, and fixation devices. The anatomic structures in the vicinity of the fracture line can be damaged during the fixation of the fracture fragments by the bone plates and screws. In the present study, it was found that 7 out of 67 patients presented with unilateral paresthesia of the lower lip and chin. CBCT analysis showed a considerable distance of 3.02 mm from the inferior alveolar nerve canal to the screws. There was no evidence of hardware encroachment on the IAN or tooth roots.
CONCLUSION
Selection and placement of appropriate fixation devices, particularly the length of the bone screws, are crucial to avoid injury to the anatomic structures.
PubMed: 38934604
DOI: 10.1097/SCS.0000000000010448 -
Indian Journal of Community Medicine :... 2024Over the previous decades, violence against physicians has risen. To comprehend the issue connected with it, we need to know the nature of violence and doctor's views on...
BACKGROUND
Over the previous decades, violence against physicians has risen. To comprehend the issue connected with it, we need to know the nature of violence and doctor's views on the current state of safety at their disposal. The purpose of the study was to assess the incidence and nature of violence against doctors in tertiary health care centers in Karnataka, India.
OBJECTIVES
The objectives were to collect data from three tertiary care centers, evaluate the incidence of violence against doctors in tertiary care centers, and evaluate the nature of violence against doctors in tertiary care centers.
METHODS
From the list of all tertiary care centers in Dakshina Kannada, three tertiary care hospitals were randomly chosen. Approval of the Ethical Committee from the Institutional Ethics Committee (IEC) of KVG Dental College and permission from chosen hospitals were obtained. A pre-validated questionnaire was handed over to the available physicians and surgeons in these hospitals to be filled. The total number of participants in the study was 330.
RESULTS
Nearly half (48.02% of physicians) reported experiencing violence during working hours. The Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology recorded 43.2% of instances, while surgery, medicine, and other departments reported 23.6%, 22.8%, and 10.4%, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
Violence against physicians continues to be a huge issue that must be addressed through decisive measures by the police and hospitals. This impacts the healthcare system in the nation and often cripples it owing to the loss of human resources and working hours.
PubMed: 38933800
DOI: 10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_1139_21 -
Frontiers in Neurology 2024For children who are unable to cooperate due to severe dental anxiety (DA), dental treatment of childhood caries under Dental General Anesthesia (DGA) is a safe and...
BACKGROUND
For children who are unable to cooperate due to severe dental anxiety (DA), dental treatment of childhood caries under Dental General Anesthesia (DGA) is a safe and high-quality treatment method. This study aims to evaluate the impact on neurocognitive functions and the growth and development of children 2 years after dental procedure based on previous research, and further establish a causal relationship between general anesthesia (GA) and changes in children's neurocognitive functions by incorporating Mendelian Randomization (MR) analysis.
METHODS
Data were collected and analyzed from 340 cases of S-ECC procedures of preschool children conducted in 2019. This involved comparing the neurocognitive outcomes 2 years post-operation of preschool children receiving dental procedures under general anesthesia or local anesthesia. Physical development indicators such as height, weight, and body mass index (BMI) of children were also compared at baseline, half a year post-operation, and 2 years post-operation. We performed a Mendelian randomization analysis on the causal relationship between children's cognitive development and general anesthesia, drawing on a large-scale meta-analysis of GWAS for anesthesia, including multiple general anesthesia datasets.
RESULTS
Outcome data were obtained for 111 children in the general anesthesia group and 121 children in the local anesthesia group. The mean FSIQ score for the general anesthesia group was 106.77 (SD 6.96), while the mean score for the local anesthesia group was 106.36 (SD 5.88). FSIQ scores were equivalent between the two groups. The incidence of malnutrition in children in the general anesthesia group was 27.93% ( < 0.001) before surgery and decreased to 15.32% ( > 0.05) after 2 years, which was not different from the general population. The IVW method suggested that the causal estimate ( = 0.99 > 0.05, OR = 1.04, 95% CI = 5.98 × 10-1.82 × 10) was not statistically significant for disease prevalence. This indicates no genetic cause-and-effect relationship between anesthesia and childhood intelligence.
CONCLUSION
There were no adverse outcomes in neurocognitive development in 2 years after severe early childhood caries (S-ECC) procedure under total sevoflurane-inhalation in preschool children. The malnutrition condition in children can be improved after S-ECC procedure under general anesthesia. Limited MR evidence does not support a correlation between genetic susceptibility to anesthesia and an increased risk for intelligence in children.
PubMed: 38933327
DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1389203 -
Frontiers in Oral Health 2024
PubMed: 38933118
DOI: 10.3389/froh.2024.1385482 -
EClinicalMedicine Jul 2024Mucositis is a common and highly impactful side effect of conventional and emerging cancer therapy and thus the subject of intense investigation. Although common...
BACKGROUND
Mucositis is a common and highly impactful side effect of conventional and emerging cancer therapy and thus the subject of intense investigation. Although common practice, mucositis assessment is heterogeneously adopted and poorly guided, impacting evidence synthesis and translation. The Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer (MASCC) Mucositis Study Group (MSG) therefore aimed to establish expert recommendations for how existing mucositis assessment tools should be used, in clinical care and trials contexts, to improve the consistency of mucositis assessment.
METHODS
This study was conducted over two stages (January 2022-July 2023). The first phase involved a survey to MASCC-MSG members (January 2022-May 2022), capturing current practices, challenges and preferences. These then informed the second phase, in which a set of initial recommendations were prepared and refined using the Delphi method (February 2023-May 2023). Consensus was defined as agreement on a parameter by >80% of respondents.
FINDINGS
Seventy-two MASCC-MSG members completed the first phase of the study (37 females, 34 males, mainly oral care specialists). High variability was noted in the use of mucositis assessment tools, with a high reliance on clinician assessment compared to patient reported outcome measures (PROMs, 47% vs 3%, 37% used a combination). The World Health Organization (WHO) and Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) scales were most commonly used to assess mucositis across multiple settings. Initial recommendations were reviewed by experienced MSG members and following two rounds of Delphi survey consensus was achieved in 91 of 100 recommendations. For example, in patients receiving chemotherapy, the recommended tool for clinician assessment in clinical practice is WHO for oral mucositis (89.5% consensus), and WHO or CTCAE for gastrointestinal mucositis (85.7% consensus). The recommended PROM in clinical trials is OMD/WQ for oral mucositis (93.3% consensus), and PRO-CTCAE for gastrointestinal mucositis (83.3% consensus).
INTERPRETATION
These new recommendations provide much needed guidance on mucositis assessment and may be applied in both clinical practice and research to streamline comparison and synthesis of global data sets, thus accelerating translation of new knowledge into clinical practice.
FUNDING
No funding was received.
PubMed: 38933098
DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2024.102675 -
Nutrients Jun 2024The use of natural products as alternatives to traditional pharmacological treatments in orthodontics is gaining interest due to their anti-inflammatory, antibacterial,... (Review)
Review
The use of natural products as alternatives to traditional pharmacological treatments in orthodontics is gaining interest due to their anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antioxidant properties. This systematic review synthesizes evidence from clinical trials to evaluate the efficacy of natural products in reducing inflammation and bacterial presence in orthodontic and orthognathic treatment settings. The database search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, and Embase up to January 2024. The review focused on randomized controlled trials only. The selected studies centered on the anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antioxidant effects of natural products, adhering to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines for data extraction. Nine studies, totaling 358 participants, were included. Significant findings demonstrated a reduction in gingival inflammation by over 40% with the use of Aloe vera compared to chlorhexidine. Another study noted a decrease in bleeding on probing by 13.6 points in the treatment group over placebo. Additionally, honey showed a rapid modulation of plaque pH and significantly reduced bacterial counts of . Furthermore, the use of resveratrol emulgel was linked to substantial improvements in gingival health, with a reduction in the gingival index and probing pocket depth. The results indicate that natural products can significantly enhance orthodontic treatment outcomes by reducing inflammation and bacterial levels. These products offer effective alternatives to traditional treatments and show potential for integration into routine orthodontic care protocols. Further research is encouraged to standardize application methods and dosages to maximize clinical benefits and patient satisfaction.
Topics: Humans; Aloe; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antioxidants; Biological Products; Chlorhexidine; Dentofacial Deformities; Gingivitis; Honey; Orthodontics; Plant Preparations; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Resveratrol; Streptococcus mutans; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 38931295
DOI: 10.3390/nu16121941