-
Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) May 2024Peri-implant soft tissue deficiency (PSTD) is a significant factor impacting aesthetics, particularly in the anterior zone, where labial bone resorption and thin...
Peri-implant soft tissue deficiency (PSTD) is a significant factor impacting aesthetics, particularly in the anterior zone, where labial bone resorption and thin peri-implant phenotypes are common. The occurrence of a gray color around the implant fixture due to PSTD can be aesthetically concerning in the esthetic zone. In cases involving natural teeth, autogenous soft tissue grafts such as subepithelial connective tissue grafts (SCTGs), free gingival grafts (FGGs), and coronally advanced flaps (CAFs) are commonly utilized. However, there are limited reports of using bone grafts in conjunction with these techniques for modifying the gingival phenotype around both teeth and implants. In the presented cases where PSTD resulted in visible gray coloration of the implant fixture in the esthetic zone, mechanical and chemical decontamination of the exposed implant surface was performed using a titanium brush and tetracycline (Tc) HCl. Subsequently, to enhance peri-implant mucosa thickness and mask the titanium color, simultaneous SCTG and bone grafting procedures were conducted. Within the limitations of these case reports, successful esthetic outcomes were achieved and maintained without recurrence for 3-6 years following the simultaneous subepithelial connective tissue graft and bone graft procedures. These findings suggest the potential efficacy of this combined approach in addressing PSTD and enhancing aesthetic results around dental implants, though further studies are needed to validate these outcomes.
Topics: Humans; Connective Tissue; Bone Transplantation; Female; Phenotype; Gingiva; Esthetics, Dental; Adult; Middle Aged; Male; Dental Implants
PubMed: 38929458
DOI: 10.3390/medicina60060841 -
Children (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2024The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of dental caries segmentation on the panoramic radiographs taken from children in primary dentition, mixed...
OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of dental caries segmentation on the panoramic radiographs taken from children in primary dentition, mixed dentition, and permanent dentition with Artificial Intelligence (AI) models developed using the deep learning method.
METHODS
This study used 6075 panoramic radiographs taken from children aged between 4 and 14 to develop the AI model. The radiographs included in the study were divided into three groups: primary dentition (n: 1857), mixed dentition (n: 1406), and permanent dentition (n: 2812). The U-Net model implemented with PyTorch library was used for the segmentation of caries lesions. A confusion matrix was used to evaluate model performance.
RESULTS
In the primary dentition group, the sensitivity, precision, and F1 scores calculated using the confusion matrix were found to be 0.8525, 0.9128, and 0.8816, respectively. In the mixed dentition group, the sensitivity, precision, and F1 scores calculated using the confusion matrix were found to be 0.7377, 0.9192, and 0.8185, respectively. In the permanent dentition group, the sensitivity, precision, and F1 scores calculated using the confusion matrix were found to be 0.8271, 0.9125, and 0.8677, respectively. In the total group including primary, mixed, and permanent dentition, the sensitivity, precision, and F1 scores calculated using the confusion matrix were 0.8269, 0.9123, and 0.8675, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
Deep learning-based AI models are promising tools for the detection and diagnosis of caries in panoramic radiographs taken from children with different dentition.
PubMed: 38929269
DOI: 10.3390/children11060690 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jun 2024The pathology of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ), often associated with antiresorptive therapy, is still not fully understood. Osteocyte networks are...
The pathology of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ), often associated with antiresorptive therapy, is still not fully understood. Osteocyte networks are known to play a critical role in maintaining bone homeostasis and repair, but the exact condition of these networks in MRONJ is unknown. On the other hand, the local application of E-coli-derived Recombinant Human Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2/β-Tricalcium phosphate (E-rhBMP-2/β-TCP) has been shown to promote bone regeneration and mitigate osteonecrosis in MRONJ-like mouse models, indicating its potential therapeutic application for the treatment of MRONJ. However, the detailed effect of BMP-2 treatment on restoring bone integrity, including its osteocyte network, in an MRONJ condition remains unclear. Therefore, in the present study, by applying a scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis and a 3D osteocyte network reconstruction workflow on the alveolar bone surrounding the tooth extraction socket of an MRONJ-like mouse model, we examined the effectiveness of BMP-2/β-TCP therapy on the alleviation of MRONJ-related bone necrosis with a particular focus on the osteocyte network and alveolar bone microstructure (microcrack accumulation). The 3D osteocyte dendritic analysis showed a significant decrease in osteocyte dendritic parameters along with a delay in bone remodeling in the MRONJ group compared to the healthy counterpart. The SEM analysis also revealed a notable increase in the number of microcracks in the alveolar bone surface in the MRONJ group compared to the healthy group. In contrast, all of those parameters were restored in the E-rhBMP-2/β-TCP-treated group to levels that were almost similar to those in the healthy group. In summary, our study reveals that MRONJ induces osteocyte network degradation and microcrack accumulation, while application of E-rhBMP-2/β-TCP can restore a compromised osteocyte network and abrogate microcrack accumulation in MRONJ.
Topics: Animals; Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; Osteocytes; Calcium Phosphates; Mice; Recombinant Proteins; Disease Models, Animal; Bisphosphonate-Associated Osteonecrosis of the Jaw; Humans; Bone Regeneration; Male; Tooth Extraction; Transforming Growth Factor beta; Alveolar Process
PubMed: 38928355
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126648 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jun 2024Epigenetic modulation, including histone modification, alters gene expression and controls cell fate. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are identified as important regulators...
Epigenetic modulation, including histone modification, alters gene expression and controls cell fate. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are identified as important regulators of dental pulp cell (DPC) mineralisation processes. Currently, there is a paucity of information regarding the nature of histone modification and HDAC expression in the dentine-pulp complex during dentinogenesis. The aim of this study was to investigate post-translational histone modulation and HDAC expression during DPC mineralisation and the expression of Class I/II HDACs during tooth development and in adult teeth. HDAC expression (isoforms -1 to -6) was analysed in mineralising primary rat DPCs using qRT-PCR and Western blot with mass spectrometry being used to analyse post-translational histone modifications. Maxillary molar teeth from postnatal and adult rats were analysed using immunohistochemical (IHC) staining for HDACs (1-6). HDAC-1, -2, and -4 protein expression increased until days 7 and 11, but decreased at days 14 and 21, while other HDAC expression increased continuously for 21 days. The Class II mineralisation-associated HDAC-4 was strongly expressed in postnatal sample odontoblasts and DPCs, but weakly in adult teeth, while other Class II HDACs (-5, -6) were relatively strongly expressed in postnatal DPCs and adult odontoblasts. Among Class I HDACs, HDAC-1 showed high expression in postnatal teeth, notably in ameloblasts and odontoblasts. HDAC-2 and -3 had extremely low expression in the rat dentine-pulp complex. Significant increases in acetylation were noted during DPC mineralisation processes, while trimethylation H3K9 and H3K27 marks decreased, and the HDAC-inhibitor suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) enhanced H3K27me3. These results highlight a dynamic alteration in histone acetylation during mineralisation and indicate the relevance of Class II HDAC expression in tooth development and regenerative processes.
Topics: Animals; Acetylation; Rats; Histone Deacetylases; Dentinogenesis; Dentin; Dental Pulp; Protein Processing, Post-Translational; Histones; Molar; Odontoblasts; Male
PubMed: 38928274
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126569 -
Biology Jun 2024The extraction of museum DNA from a unique collection of samples of the "" species complex, which comprises local endemics of Central and West Asia, allowed us to...
The extraction of museum DNA from a unique collection of samples of the "" species complex, which comprises local endemics of Central and West Asia, allowed us to determine their inter- and intragroup relationships. The first step of this study was the re-evaluation of heavily damaged type specimens of via a microcomputed-tomography-based cybertaxonomic approach (CTtax), which enabled a precise description of the species' morphology; three-dimensional models of the cybertypes were made available through the MorphoBank Repository. We developed the "AProMaDesU" pipeline on the basis of five requirements for micro-CT-based cyber-datasets in relation to mammalian collections. Our second step was a combination of several meticulous approaches to morphological investigation against a background of a -based phylogeny, which helped us to make a taxonomic decision about the status of species of the "pergrisea" group, e.g., , , and , when the morphological results were partly incongruent with the molecular phylogeny. Nevertheless, under two assumptions, our findings preserved a separate species-level status of and . In addition, we restored the species-level status of . This taxonomic decision is based on our morphospace analysis, which revealed unique craniomandibular shape transformations within the rocky shrews that helped them with the transition to a new area of morphospace/trophic niches and consequently separated them from the other analyzed groups.
PubMed: 38927328
DOI: 10.3390/biology13060448 -
Biomolecules Jun 2024Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are vital players in antiviral immune responses because of their high levels of IFN-α secretion. However, this attribute has also...
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are vital players in antiviral immune responses because of their high levels of IFN-α secretion. However, this attribute has also implicated them as critical factors behind the immunopathogenesis of inflammatory diseases, and no currently available therapy can efficiently inhibit pDCs' aberrant activation. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) possess stromal immunomodulatory functionality, regulating immune cell activation through several mechanisms, including the adenosinergic (CD39/CD73/adenosine) pathway. The IFN-γ preconditioning of bone marrow MSCs improves their inhibitory properties for therapy applications; however, isolating human gingival tissue-derived MSCs (hGMSCs) is more accessible. These cells have shown better immunomodulatory effects, yet the outcome of IFN-γ preconditioning and its impact on the adenosinergic pathway has not been evaluated. This study first validated the immunoregulatory properties of primary-cultured hGMSCs, and the results showed that IFN-γ preconditioning strengthens CD39/CD73 coexpression, adenosine production, and the regulatory properties of hGMSC, which were confirmed by describing for the first time their ability to reduce pDC activation and their IFN-α secretion and to increase the frequency of CD73+ pDC. In addition, when CD73's enzymatic activity was neutralized in hGMSCs, adenosine production and the IFN-γ preconditioning effect were restrained. This evidence might be applied to design hGMSCs- and adenosine-based immunotherapeutic strategies for treating inflammatory disorders that are associated with pDC overactivation.
Topics: Humans; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Dendritic Cells; Adenosine; Interferon-gamma; Gingiva; 5'-Nucleotidase; Cells, Cultured; Apyrase; GPI-Linked Proteins
PubMed: 38927060
DOI: 10.3390/biom14060658 -
BMC Oral Health Jun 2024This study aimed to compare the remineralization effects of a calcium silicate-based cement (Biodentine) and of a glass ionomer cement (GIC: Fuji IX) on artificially... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to compare the remineralization effects of a calcium silicate-based cement (Biodentine) and of a glass ionomer cement (GIC: Fuji IX) on artificially demineralized dentin.
METHODS
Four standard cavities were prepared in dentin discs prepared from 34 extracted sound human third molars. In each disc, one cavity was covered with an acid-resistant varnish before demineralization (Group 1). The specimens were soaked in a chemical demineralization solution for 96 h to induce artificial carious lesions. Thereafter, one cavity each was filled with Biodentine (Group 2) and GIC (Group 3), respectively, and one carious lesion was left unrestored as a negative control (Group 4). Next, specimens were immersed in simulated body fluid (SBF) for 21 days. After cross-sectioning the specimens, the Ca/P ratio was calculated in each specimen by using scanning electron microscopy-energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX). Finally, data were analyzed using repeated-measures ANOVA with post-hoc Bonferroni correction.
RESULTS
Both cement types induced dentin remineralization as compared to Group 4. The Ca/P ratio was significantly higher in Group 2 than in Group 3 (p < 0.05).
CONCLUSION
The dentin lesion remineralization capability of Biodentine is higher than that of GIC, suggesting the usefulness of the former as a bioactive dentin replacement material.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Biodentine has a higher remineralization ability than that of GIC for carious dentin, and its interfacial properties make it a promising bioactive dentin restorative material.
Topics: Calcium Compounds; Glass Ionomer Cements; Humans; Silicates; Dentin; Tooth Remineralization; In Vitro Techniques; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission; Calcium; Materials Testing; Dental Caries; Phosphorus
PubMed: 38926776
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04475-4 -
BMC Oral Health Jun 2024The purpose of this study was to investigate the morphology of maxillary first premolar mesial root concavity and to analyse its relation to periodontal bone loss (BL)...
BACKGROUND
The purpose of this study was to investigate the morphology of maxillary first premolar mesial root concavity and to analyse its relation to periodontal bone loss (BL) using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and panoramic radiographs.
METHODS
The mesial root concavity of maxillary premolar teeth was analysed via CBCT. The sex and age of the patients, starting position and depth of the root concavity, apicocoronal length of the concavity on the crown or root starting from the cementoenamel junction (CEJ), total apicocoronal length of the concavity, amount of bone loss both in CBCT images and panoramic radiographs, location of the furcation, length of the buccal and palatinal roots, and buccopalatinal cervical root width were measured.
RESULTS
A total of 610 patients' CBCT images were examined, and 100 were included in the study. The total number of upper premolar teeth was 200. The patients were aged between 18 and 65 years, with a mean age of 45.21 ± 13.13 years. All the teeth in the study presented mesial root concavity (100%, n = 200). The starting point of concavity was mostly on the cervical third of the root (58.5%). The mean depth and buccolingual length measurements were 0.96 mm and 4.32 mm, respectively. Depth was significantly related to the amount of alveolar bone loss (F = 5.834, p = 0.001). The highest average concavity depth was 1.29 mm in the group with 50% bone loss. The data indicated a significant relationship between the location of the furcation and bone loss (X = 25.215, p = 0.003). Bone loss exceeded 50% in 100% of patients in whom the furcation was in the cervical third and in only 9.5% of patients in whom the furcation was in the apical third (p = 0.003).
CONCLUSIONS
According to the results of this study, the depth of the mesial root concavity and the coronal position of the furcation may increase the amount of alveolar bone loss. Clinicians should be aware of these anatomical factors to ensure accurate treatment planning and successful patient management.
Topics: Humans; Bicuspid; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography; Male; Female; Alveolar Bone Loss; Tooth Root; Adult; Middle Aged; Adolescent; Maxilla; Aged; Young Adult; Radiography, Panoramic; Tooth Cervix
PubMed: 38926720
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04494-1 -
BMC Oral Health Jun 2024Human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) are important candidate seed cells for periodontal tissue engineering, but the presence of lipopolysaccharide(LPS) in...
BACKGROUND
Human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) are important candidate seed cells for periodontal tissue engineering, but the presence of lipopolysaccharide(LPS) in periodontal tissues inhibits the self-renewal and osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs. Our previous studies demonstrated that TAZ is a positive regulator of osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs, but whether TAZ can protect hPDLSCs from LPS is still unknown. The present study aimed to explore the regulatory effect of TAZ on the osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs in an LPS-induced inflammatory model, and to preliminarily reveal the molecular mechanisms related to the NF-κB signaling pathway.
METHODS
LPS was added to the culture medium of hPDLSCs. The influence of LPS on hPDLSC proliferation was analyzed by CCK-8 assays. The effects of LPS on hPDLSC osteogenic differentiation were detected by Alizarin Red staining, ALP staining, Western Blot and qRT-PCR analysis of osteogenesis-related genes. The effects of LPS on the osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs with TAZ overexpressed or knocked down via lentivirus were analyzed. NF-κB signaling in hPDLSCs was analyzed by Western Blot and immunofluorescence.
RESULTS
LPS inhibited the osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs, inhibited TAZ expression, and activated the NF-κB signaling pathway. Overexpressing TAZ in hPDLSCs partly reversed the negative effects of LPS on osteogenic differentiation and inhibited the activation of the NF-κB pathway by LPS. TAZ knockdown enhanced the inhibitory effects of LPS on osteogenesis.
CONCLUSION
Overexpressing TAZ could partly reverse the inhibitory effects of LPS on the osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs, possibly through inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway. TAZ is a potential target for improving hPDLSC-based periodontal tissue regeneration in inflammatory environments.
Topics: Humans; Periodontal Ligament; Lipopolysaccharides; Osteogenesis; NF-kappa B; Cell Differentiation; Signal Transduction; Stem Cells; Transcription Factors; Cells, Cultured; Cell Proliferation; Transcriptional Coactivator with PDZ-Binding Motif Proteins; Blotting, Western
PubMed: 38926705
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04497-y -
Scientific Reports Jun 2024The aim of this study is to introduce a dental capping agent for the treatment of pulp inflammation (pulpitis). Nanohydroxyapatite with Elaeagnus angustifolia L. extract...
The aim of this study is to introduce a dental capping agent for the treatment of pulp inflammation (pulpitis). Nanohydroxyapatite with Elaeagnus angustifolia L. extract (nHAEA) loaded with metronidazole (nHAEA@MTZ) was synthesized and evaluated using a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in vitro model of pulpitis. nHAEA was synthesized through sol-gel method and analyzed using Scanning Electron Microscopy, Transmission Electron Microscopy, and Brunauer Emmett Teller. Inflammation in human dental pulp stem cells (HDPSCs) induced by LPS. A scratch test assessed cell migration, RT PCR measured cytokines levels, and Alizarin red staining quantified odontogenesis. The nHAEA nanorods were 17-23 nm wide and 93-146 nm length, with an average pore diameter of 27/312 nm, and a surface area of 210.89 m/g. MTZ loading content with controlled release, suggesting suitability for therapeutic applications. nHAEA@MTZ did not affect the odontogenic abilities of HDPSCs more than nHAEA. However, it was observed that nHAEA@MTZ demonstrated a more pronounced anti-inflammatory effect. HDPSCs treated with nanoparticles exhibited improved migration compared to other groups. These findings demonstrated that nHAEA@MTZ could be an effective material for pulp capping and may be more effective than nHAEA in reducing inflammation and activating HDPSCs to enhance pulp repair after pulp damage.
Topics: Plant Extracts; Humans; Pulpitis; Metronidazole; Dental Pulp; Durapatite; Nanoparticles; Green Chemistry Technology; Drug Carriers; Stem Cells; Cell Movement; Cells, Cultured
PubMed: 38926433
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65582-4