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Food Research International (Ottawa,... Mar 2024Turnip (Brassica rapa var rapa L.) leaves are a rich source of versatile bioactive phytochemicals with great potential in the food and herbal industries. However, the...
Assessment of the effect of drying on Brassica greens via a multiplex approach based on LC-QTOF-MS/MS, molecular networking, and chemometrics along with their antioxidant and anticancer activities.
Turnip (Brassica rapa var rapa L.) leaves are a rich source of versatile bioactive phytochemicals with great potential in the food and herbal industries. However, the effect of drying on its constituents has never been studied before. Hereto, three drying techniques were compared, namely, lyophilization (LY), vacuum oven (VO), and shade drying (SD). Chemical profiling utilizing liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF-MS/MS) combined with chemometrics showed the different impacts of the drying methods on the phytochemical composition of the alcoholic leaf extracts. Unsupervised principal component analysis (PCA) and supervised partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) of the LC-QTOF-MS/MS data showed distinct distant clustering across the three drying techniques. Loading plots and VIP scores demonstrated that sinapic acid, isorhamnetin glycosides, and sinapoyl malate were key markers for LY samples. Meanwhile, oxygenated and polyunsaturated fatty acids were characteristic for SD samples and oxygenated polyunsaturated fatty acids and verbascoside were characteristic for VO samples. LY resulted in the highest total phenolics (TP) and total flavonoid (TF) contents followed by SD and VO. LY and SD samples had much higher antioxidant activity than VO measured by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), and iron metal chelation assays. According to the anticancer activity, the drying methods were ranked in descending order as SD > LY ≫ VO when tested against colon, breast, liver, and lung cancer cell lines. Among the identified compounds, flavonoids and omega-3 fatty acids were key metabolites responsible for the anticancer activity as revealed by partial least squares (PLS) regression and correlation analyses. In conclusion, compared to LY, SD projected out as a cost-effective drying method without compromising the phytochemical and biological activities of Brassica greens. The current findings lay the foundation for further studies concerned with the valorization of Brassica greens.
Topics: Antioxidants; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Brassica; Chemometrics; Chromatography, Liquid; Flavonoids; Phenols; Phytochemicals; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated
PubMed: 38395547
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114053 -
Medicine Feb 2024Situs inversus is a rare congenital anatomical variant that involves a group of anomalies regarding the arrangement of intrathoracic and intraabdominal organs. Being...
BACKGROUND
Situs inversus is a rare congenital anatomical variant that involves a group of anomalies regarding the arrangement of intrathoracic and intraabdominal organs. Being able to find in the abdominal region the liver, gallbladder, inferior vena cava, and head of the pancreas and ascending colon on the left side of the abdomen, while on the right side there is the spleen, the stomach, the body of the pancreas, the ligament of Treitz, descending colon among others. In this same way, the thoracic organs, lungs and heart, are changed in their position in a mirror translocation.
METHODS
We systematically searched MEDLINE, Web of Science, Google Scholar, CINAHL, Scopus, and LILACS; the search strategy included a combination of the following terms: "Situs inversus," "Situs inversus totalis," "Cancer," "Neoplasm," "Abdominopelvic regions," and "clinical anatomy."
RESULTS
Within the 41 included studies, 46 patients with situs inversus who had cancer, in addition to being found in this organ and in these regions, we also found as a result that the majority of the studies in the research were in stage II; finally, no one study could assert the direct relationship between the situs inversus totalis and the cancer.
CONCLUSION
If our hallmarks could make us think that more exhaustive follow-up of the stomach and other organs should be carried out in these patients, there could also be other predisposing factors for cancer, which is why more studies are suggested to give future diagnostic and treatment guidelines treatment.
Topics: Humans; Situs Inversus; Abdomen; Spleen; Dextrocardia; Neoplasms
PubMed: 38394506
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000037093 -
Pharmaceutical Development and... Mar 2024The current budesonide formulations are inadequate for addressing left-sided colitis, and patients might hesitate to use an enema for a prolonged time. This study...
The current budesonide formulations are inadequate for addressing left-sided colitis, and patients might hesitate to use an enema for a prolonged time. This study focuses on developing a single-layer coating for budesonide pellets targeting the descending colon. Pellets containing budesonide (1.5%w/w), PVP K30 (5%w/w), lactose monohydrate (25%w/w) and Avicel pH 102 (68.5%w/w) were prepared using extrusion spheronization technique. Coating formulations were designed using response surface methodology with pH and time-dependent Eudragits. Dissolution tests were conducted at different pH levels (1.2, 6.5, 6.8, and 7.2). Optimal coating formulation, considering coating level and the Eudragit (S + L) ratio to the total coating weight, was determined. Budesonide pellets were coated with the optimized composition and subjected to continuous dissolution testing simulating the gastrointestinal tract. The coating, with 48% S, 12% L, and 40% RS at a 10% coating level, demonstrated superior budesonide delivery to the descending colon. Coated pellets had a spherical shape with a uniform 30 µm thickness coating, exhibiting pH and time-dependent release. Notably, zero-order release kinetics was observed for the last 9 h in colonic conditions. The study suggests that an optimized single-layer coating, incorporating pH and time-dependent polymers, holds promise for consistently delivering budesonide to the descending colon.
Topics: Humans; Budesonide; Drug Delivery Systems; Colon; Colon, Descending; Solubility; Drug Implants; Polymethacrylic Acids
PubMed: 38392961
DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2024.2321250 -
First Case of Human Anisakiosis in Greece: Acute Invasive Infection Mimicking Peritoneal Malignancy.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) Feb 2024Consumption of raw and mildly processed seafood, in the context of modern Western world eating trends, is recognized as a major driver for human fish-borne infections....
Consumption of raw and mildly processed seafood, in the context of modern Western world eating trends, is recognized as a major driver for human fish-borne infections. However, these zoonoses and their unfamiliar risks remain neglected and underappreciated among European diagnosticians. In contemporary Europe anisakidosis is one of the most important fish-borne zoonoses. It is caused by ingesting the third-stage infective larvae of the nematode parasites that belong to the family Anisakidae. The case described herein, is an intestinal and ectopic form of anisakiosis ( spp.), causing symptoms of subacute abdomen and masquerading as an intraperitoneal malignancy. It is the first anisakidosis case reported in Greece, affecting a young patient who had been repeatedly exposed to the parasite by consuming homemade raw fish. Right hemicolectomy, omentectomy and excision of a descending colon nodule were uneventfully performed. The pathology report confirmed granulomatous tissue with eosinophilic infiltration and parasites that were morphologically and molecularly identified as spp. Although challenging, acquiring an accurate diagnosis of anisakidosis can prevent unnecessary surgery, as the infection typically is self-resolving, and if treatment is deemed necessary, it can be limited to antiparasitic medication. However, in rare cases, extra-gastrointestinal migration of larvae can cause severe damage with practically unknown risks, posing a diagnostic and therapeutic dilemma. In such a clinical case scenario, surgical exploration can decisively contribute to a definitive diagnosis and early identification of intraabdominal complications necessitating surgical intervention.
PubMed: 38392887
DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13020149 -
Clinical Journal of Gastroenterology Jun 2024A 70-year-old man was admitted to our hospital for the treatment of a large granular-type laterally spreading tumor in the splenic flexure of the descending colon. The...
A case of disseminated peritoneal metastases after 2-year conservative treatment for intramucosal colon carcinoma due to a perforation during endoscopic submucosal dissection.
A 70-year-old man was admitted to our hospital for the treatment of a large granular-type laterally spreading tumor in the splenic flexure of the descending colon. The preoperative diagnosis was intramucosal colon carcinoma and endoscopic submucosal dissection was performed. During treatment, a small perforation occurred accidentally. After conservative treatment with endoscopic suturing, the patient was discharged without additional surgery. The pathological diagnosis was an intramucosal carcinoma. One year after treatment, no local recurrence was observed on endoscopy, and abdominal computed tomography showed no obvious metastasis. Two years later, fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography/computed tomography, laparoscopic findings, and histopathologic findings by experimental excision of omentum revealed several disseminated peritoneal metastases from previously treated colon carcinoma. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of peritoneal dissemination after a small perforation during endoscopic submucosal dissection and conservative therapy for early-stage colon carcinoma. This report suggests the possibility of tumor dissemination in patients with small perforations during endoscopic procedures. Endoscopists should be aware of these rare potential risks and perform later surveillance carefully.
Topics: Humans; Male; Aged; Colonic Neoplasms; Endoscopic Mucosal Resection; Peritoneal Neoplasms; Intestinal Perforation; Conservative Treatment; Colonoscopy
PubMed: 38368579
DOI: 10.1007/s12328-024-01925-y -
Clinical and Translational... May 2024Factors affecting mucosal permeability (MP) in ulcerative colitis (UC) are largely unknown. We aimed to investigate the difference in MP among patients with UC...
INTRODUCTION
Factors affecting mucosal permeability (MP) in ulcerative colitis (UC) are largely unknown. We aimed to investigate the difference in MP among patients with UC classified according to the colonic locations and to evaluate the correlations between local MP and endoscopic or histological activity of UC.
METHODS
The transepithelial electrical resistance (TER), which is inversely proportional to permeability, of tissue samples from the mucosa of the ascending colon, descending colon, and rectum of patients with UC and healthy individuals (HIs) was measured by using the Ussing chamber. TERs were compared between patients with UC and HIs and evaluated according to colonic locations and disease activity of UC.
RESULTS
Thirty-eight patients with UC and 12 HIs were included in this study. Both in HIs and patients with UC, MP tends to be higher in the anal side. TER in the ascending colon was significantly lower in patients with UC than in HIs (45.3 ± 9.0 Ω × cm 2 vs 53.5 ± 9.7 Ω × cm 2 , P = 0.01). The increased permeability in UC was observed also in the descending colon, only when the inflammation involved the location. A significant correlation between TER and endoscopic activity was found in the rectum only ( r = -0.49, P = 0.002). There were no significant correlations between TERs and UC histology.
DISCUSSION
The MP in the colon differs according to the colonic location. The ascending colon among patients with UC showed disease-specific changes in MP, whereas the MP is increased in proportion to the endoscopic activity in the rectum.
Topics: Humans; Colitis, Ulcerative; Male; Intestinal Mucosa; Female; Adult; Permeability; Middle Aged; Rectum; Electric Impedance; Colon, Ascending; Colonoscopy; Colon, Descending; Case-Control Studies; Severity of Illness Index; Colon; Aged; Young Adult
PubMed: 38363861
DOI: 10.14309/ctg.0000000000000692 -
Cureus Jan 2024Stomas serve various purposes, and surgical closure of temporary stomas is typically performed once the underlying reason for their creation has been resolved. However,...
Stomas serve various purposes, and surgical closure of temporary stomas is typically performed once the underlying reason for their creation has been resolved. However, spontaneous closure of a stoma without surgical intervention is exceptionally rare. Here, we present a case of spontaneous stoma closure. A 67-year-old female presented with symptoms indicative of partial bowel obstruction. A computed tomography (CT) scan revealed circumferential wall thickening involving the transverse, splenic flexure, and proximal descending colon, along with a dilated proximal colon. Urgent intervention led to a total colectomy with ileorectal anastomosis and the creation of a diverting loop ileostomy. Six months later, she was then booked for stoma closure but found that the stoma was already closed, and the patient reported a history of pushing the stoma inside by herself. Spontaneous closure of a stoma is extremely rare. The mechanism behind spontaneous closure is not fully understood. Stoma retraction or the healing process of an enterocutaneous (EC) fistula can be attributable factors. Only six cases of spontaneous stoma closure have been reported in the literature. The technique that has been described by the patient of pushing the stoma inside has not been discussed before. Gradual retraction of the stoma and the healing process of EC fistula are the most common acceptable factors. The technique of pushing the stoma inside could be a helpful factor in spontaneous stoma closure. Long-term follow-up can help in understanding the unclear mechanism of this condition.
PubMed: 38361667
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.52403 -
Neurogastroenterology and Motility May 2024Colonic manometry (CM) is a diagnostic procedure utilized in the evaluation of intractable constipation and involves endoscopic insertion of a manometry catheter with...
BACKGROUND
Colonic manometry (CM) is a diagnostic procedure utilized in the evaluation of intractable constipation and involves endoscopic insertion of a manometry catheter with the tip placed in the cecum. Difficulty in advancing the colonic manometry catheter to the right colon and/or distal displacement of the catheter after appropriate placement can result in partial evaluation of the colon. Our study aimed to assess the value of limited left CM in identifying motility disorders.
METHODS
We evaluated CM studies conducted at a tertiary pediatric center (2019-2022). Abnormal CM studies with catheter tips located in the cecum or ascending colon were included.
KEY RESULTS
Of 161 CM studied, 68 with abnormal CM studies met inclusion criteria (29 [42.7%] females, median age 10.3 years). Pan-colonic dysmotility was noted in 29 (42.7%) studies and segmental dysmotility in 39 (57.4%) studies. Dysmotility of the descending and/or sigmoid colon was the most common segmental dysmotility (30, 76.9%). Isolated dysmotility of the ascending colon was noted only in patients with a cecostomy (6/13, 46.2%). The diagnostic sensitivity for dysmotility by left CM was 91.2%, which increased to 100% when excluding patients with cecostomy.
CONCLUSIONS AND INFERENCES
Left CM is a valuable and sensitive diagnostic tool for identifying abnormal colonic motility in most pediatric patients with constipation without cecostomy. Our study results provide reassurance when the manometry catheter becomes dislodged from the cecum and moves distally. Those with cecostomy have a high prevalence of dysmotility in the ascending colon and need a complete CM to identify it.
Topics: Humans; Manometry; Female; Child; Male; Adolescent; Gastrointestinal Motility; Constipation; Colon; Child, Preschool
PubMed: 38361112
DOI: 10.1111/nmo.14759 -
Revista Espanola de Enfermedades... Feb 2024A 14-year-old girl underwent colonoscopy due to repeated flesh-washing watery stools and dull pain around the umbilicus for 10 days. She felt tired for 1 month with no...
A 14-year-old girl underwent colonoscopy due to repeated flesh-washing watery stools and dull pain around the umbilicus for 10 days. She felt tired for 1 month with no other significant discomfort. The hemoglobin (Hb) is 66g/L, and the red blood cell (RBC) count was 3.24*10^12/L in routine blood tests at admission. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) images showed submucosal tumor (SMT) in the descending colon. The abdominal computed tomography (CT) images showed submucosal tumor (SMT) in the descending colon. The SMT, supplied by the superior and inferior mesenteric arteries, showed significant enhancement at the arterial stage. It did not reveal any bowel wall thickening, enlarged lymph nodes, or ascites, suggesting that the SMT was probably a benign submucosal lesion. The submucosal tumor lesion measured in size 25*25mm located at the descending colon. Endoscopic ultrasonography imaging showed a mixed hyperechoic with a regular edge, originating from the submucosa and closely related to the muscularis propria. There were no evident features of malignancy or metastasis. Endoscopic full-thickness resection (EFR) was carried out for en bloc resection. The tumor was located in the submucosa with a clear boundary and intact capsule. The tumor cells exhibited acinar and nested patterns with abundant thin-walled blood vessels. These tumor cells were epithelioid, displaying abundant clear or eosinophilic cytoplasm. The nuclei were round or oval. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that the tumor cells showed positive staining for HMB-45 and TFE3, but were negative for SMA.
PubMed: 38345522
DOI: 10.17235/reed.2024.10187/2023 -
JMA Journal Jan 2024A 27-year-old man presented with quotidian fever, rash, knee arthralgia, sore throat, and bloody diarrhea. Laboratory findings showed neutrophilia, elevated CRP,...
A 27-year-old man presented with quotidian fever, rash, knee arthralgia, sore throat, and bloody diarrhea. Laboratory findings showed neutrophilia, elevated CRP, ferritin, and liver enzyme levels, and decreased hemoglobin levels. Radiological investigations revealed splenomegaly, systemic lymphadenopathy, thickening of the descending colon wall, and an abnormal uptake in the bone marrow and spleen as seen in F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography. Malignant lymphoma was initially suspected, but biopsies showed no malignant findings. Colonoscopy revealed mucosal friability, erosions, and shallow ulcers, and pathological findings included crypt abscesses suggestive of either acute infectious colitis or inflammatory bowel disease. The patient was eventually diagnosed with adult-onset Still's disease (AOSD) and started on prednisolone, which resolved bloody diarrhea, leading to the diagnosis of comorbid ulcerative colitis (UC). The combination of AOSD and UC presents a diagnostic challenge due to overlapping symptoms. An accurate diagnosis requires careful exclusion of other diseases and a comprehensive assessment.
PubMed: 38314407
DOI: 10.31662/jmaj.2023-0103