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Advances in Gerontology = Uspekhi... 2024A review of the use of comprehensive geriatric assessment and its components in oncology is introduced. The evidence base for the increasing incidence of cancer in the... (Review)
Review
A review of the use of comprehensive geriatric assessment and its components in oncology is introduced. The evidence base for the increasing incidence of cancer in the elderly worldwide also presented. The management of older adults with cancer is challenging. Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA) has been shown by many authors to be a strong predictor of adverse events in geriatric oncology patients. CGA is recommended in oncology practice for many reasons: to identify health problems not usually detected in routine oncologic screening, to perform non-oncologic interventions, and to modify the cancer treatment plan. Comprehensive geriatric assessment is the gold standard in geriatric oncology for identifying patients at high risk for adverse outcomes and optimizing cancer treatment and overall management. Nevertheless, it can be stated that the final point in the search for evidence-based and effective frailty assessment tools in the practice of geriatric oncology has not yet been reached. It is concluded that the development of new scales and index scores, as well as the application of the CGA model in general, can provide adequate care for elderly cancer patients.
Topics: Humans; Geriatric Assessment; Aged; Neoplasms; Medical Oncology; Frailty; Frail Elderly; Geriatrics
PubMed: 38944778
DOI: No ID Found -
Advances in Gerontology = Uspekhi... 2024A study was conducted to investigate the associations of the diseases of the organ of vision and its accessory apparatus with anxiety and depression in the elderly...
A study was conducted to investigate the associations of the diseases of the organ of vision and its accessory apparatus with anxiety and depression in the elderly people. The study included 678 participants of the ESSE-RF3 population study in the Arkhangelsk region in the age of 60-74 years. We used a questionnaire, including the hospital scale of anxiety and depression score (HADS), and the assessment of the ophthalmological status. It was found that all the study participants had diseases of the visual organ. Elevated depression scores were associated with sex, age, marital status (being single), and disability, elevated anxiety scores - with sex. The scores on the anxiety scale were on average 25% higher in participants whose visual acuity decreased to 0,5 units, and showed no independent associations with diagnosed ophthalmological diseases. The scores on the depression scale were on average 33% higher in participants with visual acuity 0,5 units, and 22% higher in the presence of retinopathy. In conclusion, anxiety and depression in the elderly people were more associated with visual deficits rather than with the presence of ophthalmological diseases underlying a decrease in functional status.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Aged; Middle Aged; Russia; Anxiety; Visual Acuity; Depression; Eye Diseases; Surveys and Questionnaires; Vision Disorders
PubMed: 38944776
DOI: No ID Found -
Advances in Gerontology = Uspekhi... 2024From the age of 25-30, the likelihood of developing pathological processes associated with aging begins to increase. Age-associated diseases (AAD) are a heterogeneous...
From the age of 25-30, the likelihood of developing pathological processes associated with aging begins to increase. Age-associated diseases (AAD) are a heterogeneous group of pathologies that are more likely to develop as they age. Clinically, the early development of AAD is identical to premature aging with all the ensuing consequences. Timely targeted detection of AAD will slow down age-related processes. In order to study the peculiarities of age-related morbidity (by circulation), age-associated pathology, the study included 5 600 people with a newly diagnosed diagnosis who applied to the municipal polyclinic of St. Petersburg in 2017-2023. During the study, heterogeneity of the timing of the manifestation of AAD at the population level was found. In addition, the median age of patients was comparable to the value of the developed age-specific incidence index, which serves as a basis for continuing research in order to comprehensively assess the properties and limitations of the considered indicator.
Topics: Humans; Russia; Incidence; Female; Male; Middle Aged; Adult; Aged; Aging; Age Factors; Aged, 80 and over
PubMed: 38944775
DOI: No ID Found -
Advances in Gerontology = Uspekhi... 2024The foundation of healthy aging is the prevention of disability. In modern medical usage, a syndrome refers to a collection of symptoms and signs with a single... (Review)
Review
The foundation of healthy aging is the prevention of disability. In modern medical usage, a syndrome refers to a collection of symptoms and signs with a single underlying cause that may not yet be known. Geriatric syndromes, on the other hand, refer to multifactorial health conditions and occur when the accumulated effects of impairments in multiple systems make an older person vulnerable to situational changes. The use of the term "syndrome" in geriatrics emphasizes the multiple causes of a single manifestation involving an abundance of factors involving multiple organs and systems and is characterized by unique features of common health problems in older adults. It is the geriatric syndromes that can have a significant impact on quality of life and disability. Therefore, early detection of these medical conditions using targeted geriatric assessment is essential in geriatrics. Understanding the essence and feminology of geriatric syndromes, their correct positioning and interpretation is an extremely urgent problem. The main purpose of the presented review is precisely to try to answer these questions. In addition, it has not yet been determined whether geriatric syndromes should be included in the diagnosis (the only exception is sarcopenia syndrome, which was officially included in the 10th International Classification of Diseases in 2016).
Topics: Humans; Aged; Terminology as Topic; Geriatric Assessment; Syndrome; Quality of Life; Geriatrics; Sarcopenia; Aging
PubMed: 38944774
DOI: No ID Found -
Advances in Gerontology = Uspekhi... 2024The purpose of the study was a comparative analysis the effectiveness of microsurgical discectomy and minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion in the... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
[Comparative analysis of the results of microdiscectomy and minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion in the treatment of adjacent-level intervertebral disc herniations with lumbosacral transitional vertebra in elderly patients.].
The purpose of the study was a comparative analysis the effectiveness of microsurgical discectomy and minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion in the treatment of disk herniation adjacent to the anomaly of the lumbosacral junction segment in elderly patients. The study included 80 elderly patients (over 60 years old), divided into two groups: the 1st-(n=39) who underwent microsurgical discectomy; the 2nd- patients (n=41) operated on using minimally invasive transforaminal interbody fusion and percutaneous transpedicular stabilization (MI-TLIF). For the comparative analysis, we used gender characteristics (gender, age), constitutional characteristics (BMI), degree of physical status according to ASA, intraoperative parameters of interventions and the specificity of postoperative patient management, clinical data, and the presence of complications. Long-term outcomes were assessed at a minimum follow-up of 3 years. As a result, it was found that the use of MI-TLIF allows achieving better long-term clinical outcomes, fewer major complications in comparison with the microsurgical discectomy technique in the treatment of disc herniation adjacent to the anomaly of the lumbosacral junction segment in elderly patients.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Spinal Fusion; Intervertebral Disc Displacement; Diskectomy; Aged; Lumbar Vertebrae; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures; Microsurgery; Middle Aged; Treatment Outcome; Postoperative Complications
PubMed: 38944773
DOI: No ID Found -
Advances in Gerontology = Uspekhi... 2024It is widely known that in economically developed countries there is an increase in the proportion of older people. However, the problem of the influence of territorial...
It is widely known that in economically developed countries there is an increase in the proportion of older people. However, the problem of the influence of territorial features of economic development on the rate of population aging is not sufficiently covered. The goal was to study the impact of economic development indicators (EDI) on the processes of premature aging of the population. The materials were statistical collections of the Ministry of Health of Russia and Russian Statistics Service for 2011-2019. The highest incidence was characteristic of cataracts and glaucoma. A direct correlation has been established between the EDI and the age-specific incidence index (ASII) of cataracts (r=0,31; p=0,00436). A group of regions with a high level of economic development was characterized by a higher value of ASII, which, as a rule, corresponds to the later development of the disease.
Topics: Humans; Russia; Aging, Premature; Aged; Cataract; Incidence; Female; Male; Glaucoma; Economic Development; Middle Aged
PubMed: 38944772
DOI: No ID Found -
Advances in Gerontology = Uspekhi... 2024The aim of the study was to investigate the peculiarities of morphometric parameters of peripheral blood lymphocytes in chronic pyelonephritis in elderly patients in...
The aim of the study was to investigate the peculiarities of morphometric parameters of peripheral blood lymphocytes in chronic pyelonephritis in elderly patients in comparison with young and middle-aged patients. A total of 81 patients with chronic pyelonephritis in the exacerbation phase were examined. All patients were divided into three age groups according to WHO recommendations: the 1st - 42patients of young age (18-44 years); the 2nd - 17 patients of middle age (45-59 years); the 3rd - 22 elderly patients (60-74 years). Computer morphometry of lymphocytes was performed in all examined patients. In elderly patients with chronic pyelonephritis the size and сytoplasmic-nuclear ratio of lymphocytes increase. This indicates the preservation of lymphocyte defense responses at this age. In male patients with chronic pyelonephritis in the 1st and 2nd age groups the size of lymphocytes increases, and in female patients - decreases. The сytoplasmic-nuclear ratio increases in males of these age groups, while it remains unchanged or decreases in females. Indirect indications of reduced immunity in young and middle-aged women with chronic inflammation in the kidneys have been obtained.
Topics: Humans; Pyelonephritis; Middle Aged; Female; Male; Lymphocytes; Aged; Adult; Chronic Disease; Age Factors
PubMed: 38944771
DOI: No ID Found -
Advances in Gerontology = Uspekhi... 2024In recent years, complications of drug therapy are an important medical problem. Data on adverse drug reactions (ADR) in patients of older age groups were analyzed. The...
In recent years, complications of drug therapy are an important medical problem. Data on adverse drug reactions (ADR) in patients of older age groups were analyzed. The object of the study was notification cards for unwanted reactions received from medical organizations of the Irkutsk region for period 2009-2020 years. The Narangio scale was used to assess the causality between ADR and medicines. Of the 1021 ADR notifications in patients over 65 years of age, 2/3 (668) are presented with ADR notifications in women, 353 (34,6%) in men. The presence of background diseases was registered in 915 notifications (89,6%). There were no gender differences except for a higher incidence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in men (7,2 and 3,5% respectively, p<0,05) and diabetes mellitus in women (14 and 3,5% respectively, p<0,05). ADRs for antibacterial agents amounted to 31,8%, drugs for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases - 10,5%, cases of therapeutic inefficiency - 5,1%. The ADR data statement was in line with the recommended form of 76%. The most common filling defect was incomplete patient information. The validity of the Narango causation was high. The deadlines for reporting data were observed in 89,1%. For effective interaction in the pharmacovigilance system, it is necessary in each medical organization to constantly inform about the procedure for pharmacovigilance, types of ADRs, the rules for their detection and the timing of data reporting. The work should be supervised by a trained specialist.
Topics: Humans; Pharmacovigilance; Female; Male; Aged; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems; Russia; Aged, 80 and over
PubMed: 38944770
DOI: No ID Found -
Advances in Gerontology = Uspekhi... 2024The purpose of this review is to demonstrate the importance of using a comprehensive geriatric examination in cardiology, including geriatric aspects of the management... (Review)
Review
The purpose of this review is to demonstrate the importance of using a comprehensive geriatric examination in cardiology, including geriatric aspects of the management of this patient population. Until now, the Russian Federation has completely lacked a geriatric approach to the management of cardiological patients, which provides for consideration of international experience in this survey. The curation of elderly and elderly patients is complicated by the presence of geriatric syndromes and age-associated diseases leading to deterioration of quality of life, repeated hospitalizations, disability and risk of death. The leading geriatric syndrome in geriatric practice is senile asthenia and multiple comorbid polymorbid pathologies of the geriatric patient. A patient admitted to an acute care hospital with a history of cardiovascular comorbid pathology is primarily viewed as a patient at high risk for cardiovascular complications, omitting the risk of adverse outcomes, including loss of independence and impaired functional status. The following literature review demonstrates the importance of defining senile asthenia outside of the geriatrician's office, justifying the need for advanced training for cardiologists in geriatrics.
Topics: Humans; Geriatric Assessment; Aged; Cardiovascular Diseases; Quality of Life; Cardiology; Asthenia; Comorbidity
PubMed: 38944769
DOI: No ID Found -
Genetics in Medicine : Official Journal... Jun 2024Since the first novel gene discovery for a Mendelian condition was made via exome sequencing (ES), the rapid increase in the number of genes known to underlie Mendelian...
Since the first novel gene discovery for a Mendelian condition was made via exome sequencing (ES), the rapid increase in the number of genes known to underlie Mendelian conditions coupled with the adoption of exome (and more recently, genome) sequencing by diagnostic testing labs has changed the landscape of genomic testing for rare disease. Specifically, many individuals suspected to have a Mendelian condition are now routinely offered clinical ES. This commonly results in a precise genetic diagnosis but frequently overlooks the identification of novel candidate genes. Such candidates are also less likely to be identified in the absence of large-scale gene discovery research programs. Accordingly, clinical laboratories have both the opportunity, and some might argue a responsibility, to contribute to novel gene discovery which should in turn increase the diagnostic yield for many conditions. However, clinical diagnostic laboratories must necessarily balance priorities for throughput, turnaround time, cost efficiency, clinician preferences, and regulatory constraints, and often do not have the infrastructure or resources to effectively participate in either clinical translational or basic genome science research efforts. For these and other reasons, many laboratories have historically refrained from broadly sharing potentially pathogenic variants in novel genes via networks like Matchmaker Exchange, much less reporting such results to ordering providers. Efforts to report such results are further complicated by a lack of guidelines for clinical reporting and interpretation of variants in novel candidate genes. Nevertheless, there are myriad benefits for many stakeholders, including patients/families, clinicians, researchers, if clinical laboratories systematically and routinely identify, share, and report novel candidate genes. To facilitate this change in practice, we developed criteria for triaging, sharing, and reporting novel candidate genes that are most likely to be promptly validated as underlying a Mendelian condition and translated to use in clinical settings.
PubMed: 38944749
DOI: 10.1016/j.gim.2024.101199