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Anales de Pediatria Jun 2024Up to 60% of hospitalised neonates may develop incontinence-associated dermatitis (IAD). Our aim was to adapt the Clinical Evaluation Scale for Characterization of the... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
INTRODUCTION
Up to 60% of hospitalised neonates may develop incontinence-associated dermatitis (IAD). Our aim was to adapt the Clinical Evaluation Scale for Characterization of the Severity of Diaper Dermatitis to the Spanish population and to find out the nationwide frequency of IAD in hospitalized neonates.
METHODS
Cross-cultural adaptation and assessment of content validity of the scale. We carried out a prospective, multicentre observational study of the incidence of nappy rash in postnatal wards and neonatal intensive care units in 6 Spanish hospitals.
RESULTS
We obtained a content validity index of 0.869 for the total scale (95% CI, 0.742-0.939). The sample included 196 neonates. The cumulative incidence of IAD was 32.1% (9.1% mild-moderate, 8% moderate and 1.6% severe). The incidence rate was 2.2 IAD cases per 100 patient days. A stool pH of less than 5.5, a greater number of bowel movements a day, a greater daily urine output and the use of oral drugs were among the factors associated with the development of IAD.
CONCLUSION
The Spanish version of the Clinical Evaluation Scale for Characterization of the Severity of Diaper Dermatitis had an adequate content validity for the assessment of DAI in the hospitalised neonatal population. Mixed feeding, treatment with oral drugs and the use of medical devices in the perianal area were associated with an increased risk of nappy dermatitis in infants.
Topics: Humans; Infant, Newborn; Prospective Studies; Incidence; Fecal Incontinence; Severity of Illness Index; Male; Female; Diaper Rash; Spain; Urinary Incontinence; Hospitalization
PubMed: 38834435
DOI: 10.1016/j.anpede.2024.04.015 -
International Journal of Biological... Jun 2024Diaper rash, mainly occurring as erythema and itching in the diaper area, causes considerable distress to infants and toddlers. Increasing evidence suggests that an...
Diaper rash, mainly occurring as erythema and itching in the diaper area, causes considerable distress to infants and toddlers. Increasing evidence suggests that an unequal distribution of microorganisms on the skin contributes to the development of diaper dermatitis. Probiotic bacteria, like Staphylococcus epidermidis, are crucial for maintaining a healthy balance in the skin's microbiome, among others, through their fermentative metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids. Using a defined prebiotic as a carbon source (e.g., as part of the diaper formulation) can selectively trigger the fermentation of probiotic bacteria. A proper material choice can reduce diaper rash incidence by diminishing the skin exposure to wetness and faeces. Using 3D printing, we fabricated carbon-rich materials for the top sheet layer of baby diapers that enhance the probiotic activity of S. epidermidis. The developed materials' printability, chemical composition, swelling ability, and degradation rate were analysed. In addition, microbiological tests evaluated their potential as a source of in situ short-chain fatty acid production. Finally, biocompatibility testing with skin cells evaluated their safety for potential use as part of diapers. The results demonstrate a cost-effective approach for producing novel materials that can tailor the ecological balance of the skin microflora and help treat diaper rash.
Topics: Prebiotics; Diaper Rash; Humans; Printing, Three-Dimensional; Polysaccharides; Staphylococcus epidermidis; Infant; Skin; Probiotics
PubMed: 38697421
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131958 -
Journal of Tissue Viability May 2024Traditions are cultural heritages, habits, knowledge, customs and behaviors that are passed from generation to generation and from society to society. In all societies,...
AIM
Traditions are cultural heritages, habits, knowledge, customs and behaviors that are passed from generation to generation and from society to society. In all societies, children are seen as the future of society. Knowledge from traditions is used in raising children. Traditional practices are often used for children in cases such as breastfeeding, salting, diaper rash, diarrhea and jaundice. The aim of this study is to determine traditional practices used in the treatment of children with diaper dermatitis.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The research was conducted descriptively between June and August 2023. 81 children with diaper dermatitis were included in the sample. In the study conducted in a single stage, data were collected with a personal information form and Assessing the Severity of Uncomplicated Diaper Dermatitis in Infants Scale.
RESULTS
The age of the children was 16.12 ± 0.97 months and the average score of the Assessing the Severity of Uncomplicated Diaper Dermatitis in Infants Scale was 2.55 ± 0.14. It was determined that approximately half of the mothers received training on diaper dermatitis. It was determined that during diaper dermatitis, mothers used barrier cream containing zinc oxide at most 38.3% as a modern method, and olive oil at most 35.8% as a traditional method.
CONCLUSION
It was determined that traditional methods that do not harm health are generally used in children with diaper dermatitis. It is important to inform mothers and healthcare professionals about traditional practices for children and to support practices that do not negatively affect health.
Topics: Humans; Infant; Diaper Rash
PubMed: 38508917
DOI: 10.1016/j.jtv.2024.03.008 -
Journal of Pediatric Nursing 2024This study aimed to ascertain the impact of topical breast milk and diaper-area care instruction on the prevention of diaper dermatitis in rural settings. (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
PURPOSE
This study aimed to ascertain the impact of topical breast milk and diaper-area care instruction on the prevention of diaper dermatitis in rural settings.
DESIGN AND METHODS
This was a pre-test-post-test experimental study with forty-eight 6-18-month-old children and their mothers. Participants were randomly assigned to three groups: two experimental groups (Group A: breast milk, Group B: education) and one control group (Group C). Data were collected face-to-face through home-visits. A sociodemographic data and diaper-area care practices form and The Scale for Assessing the Severity of Uncomplicated Diaper Dermatitis in Infants were used for data collection.
RESULTS
There was a statistically significant difference between children who used breast milk application to prevent dermatitis compared to children whose parents received diaper-area care education and a control group (p = 0.002).
CONCLUSIONS
It was determined that topical breast milk application and diaper-area care education given to mothers were effective in preventing diaper dermatitis, and the application of breast milk was found to be safe and more effective than education.
PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS
These findings highlight the need for education, information and practical solutions to prevent and appropriately treat diaper dermatitis.
Topics: Female; Humans; Infant; Diaper Rash; Educational Status; Milk, Human; Mothers; Skin
PubMed: 38245386
DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2024.01.009 -
Advances in Neonatal Care : Official... Feb 2024Research has shown that the bioactive components in human milk could demonstrate efficacy when applied topically. One common neonatal skin issue is diaper dermatitis... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Research has shown that the bioactive components in human milk could demonstrate efficacy when applied topically. One common neonatal skin issue is diaper dermatitis (DD). DD treatment and prevention guidelines often lack the inclusion of topical human milk as a viable option.
PURPOSE
To analyze the safety and efficacy of topical human milk application as a means to support future research of human milk as a topical treatment for DD.
DATA SOURCES
Google Scholar, CINAHL, PubMed, and Cochrane.
STUDY SELECTION
The search was limited to articles published between 2011 and 2023 in the English language. Disqualifying characteristics included nonhuman subjects, literature reviews, inability to obtain articles, and non-peer-reviewed articles.
DATA EXTRACTION
For Google Scholar, the search terms "human milk OR breast milk" and "topical" were used. For CINAHL, PubMed, and Cochrane, the search terms "human milk OR chest milk OR breast milk OR donor milk" and "topical" were used. Quantitative significance was defined by a P value of less than .05.
RESULTS
The search yielded 20 articles. The results of the review demonstrate that topical human milk application is a safe and effective topical treatment to skin integrity/inflammatory issues such as DD. It also identified that caregivers will likely show positive regard to the treatment, promoting its acceptance.
IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE AND RESEARCH
The results provide evidence to support methodologic development for human milk application for the prevention and treatment of DD. Further studies can use the results to develop protocols that investigate the effects of human milk application.
Topics: Infant, Newborn; Female; Humans; Milk, Human; Intensive Care Units, Neonatal; Diaper Rash; Skin; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 38181669
DOI: 10.1097/ANC.0000000000001124 -
Urologiia (Moscow, Russia : 1999) Dec 2023Balanoposthitis is a common inflammatory disease of the male genitals, which occurs more often in uncircumcised men. The cause of balanoposthitis can be an infectious,... (Review)
Review
Balanoposthitis is a common inflammatory disease of the male genitals, which occurs more often in uncircumcised men. The cause of balanoposthitis can be an infectious, inflammatory or autoimmune process, as well as traumatization. In most cases, after proper intimate hygiene and the use of neutral moisturizers, the symptoms of balanoposthitis are completely stopped. In the case of torpid course of balanoposthitis and in the absence of improvement after drug therapy, it is necessary to exclude the malignant process. In the review article, the authors present the data of modern scientific research on the qualitative and quantitative composition of the microbiome in balanoposthitis. Differences in the composition of the microbiome were revealed in patients with balanoposthitis and healthy patients from the control group with excess foreskin. It was found that in patients with balanoposthitis, a impaired in hydration of the skin of the glans penis was revealed. Staphylococcus warneri and Prevotella bivia are the most common species associated with balanoposthitis and positively correlate with the severity of the disease. Candida infection, as an etiological factor of balanoposthitis, often occurs in children and may be associated with diaper rash. The prevalence of Gardnerella vaginalis as a pathogen in the male urogenital tract has not been fully studied. Currently, there are no reliable scientific studies that make it possible to attribute G. vaginalis to the etiological factor of balanoposthitis in men. However, it should be borne in mind that balanoposthitis may have a polymicrobial and synergistic etiology with the participation of G. vaginalis and anaerobic bacteria in the lower genital tract of men. The review article is clearly illustrated with clinical examples of the disease from the personal practice of the authors.
Topics: Child; Humans; Male; Urologists; Balanitis; Penis
PubMed: 38156700
DOI: No ID Found