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Current Developments in Nutrition Jun 2024Excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) is related to increased offspring fat accrual, and increased fat mass (FM) is related to obesity development. Prenatal DHA...
BACKGROUND
Excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) is related to increased offspring fat accrual, and increased fat mass (FM) is related to obesity development. Prenatal DHA supplementation has been linked to lower levels of offspring FM; however, conflicting data exist.
OBJECTIVES
This study aimed to determine if there is a protective effect of prenatal DHA supplementation on offspring fat accrual and adipose tissue deposition at 24 mo in offspring born to females who gain excessive weight compared with nonexcessive weight during pregnancy. We also explored if the effect of DHA dose on FM differed by offspring sex.
METHODS
Infants born to females who participated in the Assessment of DHA on Reducing Early Preterm Birth randomized controlled trial (ADORE) were recruited. In ADORE, females were randomly assigned to either a high or low prenatal DHA supplement. Offspring body composition and adipose tissue distribution were measured using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). GWG was categorized as excessive or not excessive based on clinical guidelines.
RESULTS
For total FM, there was a significant main effect for the DHA dose ( = 0.03); however, the dose by GWG status was nonsignificant ( = 0.44). Therefore, a higher prenatal DHA dose was related to greater offspring FM (622.9 g greater) and unrelated to GWG status. When investigating a DHA dose by sex effect, a significant main effect for DHA dose ( = 0.01) was detected for central FM. However, no interaction was detected ( = 0.98), meaning that both boys and girls had greater central FM if their mother was assigned to the higher DHA dose.
CONCLUSIONS
Greater prenatal DHA supplementation was associated with greater offspring FM and adipose tissue distribution at 24 mo. It will be important to understand if these effects persist into childhood.This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03310983.
PubMed: 38948108
DOI: 10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.103771 -
Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi. Folia... 2024Typical monoamine-based antidepressants have significant limitations, including a time lag for therapeutic response and low efficacy (more than one-third of depressed... (Review)
Review
Typical monoamine-based antidepressants have significant limitations, including a time lag for therapeutic response and low efficacy (more than one-third of depressed patients fail to respond to multiple antidepressant medications and are considered treatment-resistant). Conversely, ketamine, an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist, exhibits rapid and sustained antidepressant actions in patients with treatment-resistant depression. However, clinical use of ketamine is limited due to its serious side effects. Thus, there is a significant need to develop novel ketamine-like antidepressants with fewer side effects. We previously demonstrated that intracerebroventricular infusion of resolvins (RvD1, RvD2, RvE1, RvE2, and RvE3), specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators derived from docosahexaenoic and eicosapentaenoic acids, produce antidepressant-like effects in mouse models of depression. Among resolvins, RvE1 produces the most potent antidepressant-like effects likely via ChemR23 in several mouse models of depression. Local infusion of RvE1 into the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) or dorsal hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) also produces antidepressant-like effects, suggesting that these brain regions are sites of action of RvE1. Additionally, intranasal (i.n.) administration of RvE1 produces antidepressant-like effects through mechanisms similar to ketamine: activity-dependent release of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and subsequent mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) activation in the mPFC play a crucial role in the rapid and sustained antidepressant-like actions of i.n. RvE1. Moreover, the antidepressant-like effects of i.n. RvE1 require BDNF and VEGF release, but not mTORC1 activation, in the dorsal DG. These findings suggest that RvE1 can be a promising lead for a novel rapid-acting antidepressant.
Topics: Animals; Depression; Humans; Eicosapentaenoic Acid; Antidepressive Agents; Mice
PubMed: 38945902
DOI: 10.1254/fpj.23008 -
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology... Jun 2024Although pre-clinical studies have shown a beneficial impact of omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on adipose (AT) inflammation, the current literature...
OBJECTIVES
Although pre-clinical studies have shown a beneficial impact of omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on adipose (AT) inflammation, the current literature from human studies is limited. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the longitudinal associations of circulating levels of n-3 PUFAs with biomarkers of AT inflammation.
METHODS
Longitudinal data from participants in the PROMISE cohort (n = 474) were used. AT inflammation was measured using circulating biomarkers at baseline and up to 2 follow-up visits. n-3 PUFAs were measured at baseline in four serum lipid fractions. Generalized estimating equations (GEE) analyses evaluated longitudinal associations between n-3 PUFAs and AT inflammation, adjusting for covariates.
RESULTS
Fully adjusted GEE models indicated that higher baseline proportions of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), n-3 docosapentaenoic acid (n-3 DPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in total serum were significantly inversely associated with longitudinal change in soluble CD163 (sCD163) (all p < 0.05). A significant positive association of n-3 DPA and DHA with longitudinal change in adiponectin (p < 0.05) was also observed. Generally consistent associations were observed between n-3 PUFAs and sCD163 and adiponectin in the four lipid fractions.
CONCLUSIONS
These findings will add to the limited evidence on the potential role n-3 PUFAs have in the prevention and management of AT inflammation in humans and may help inform future interventions targeting chronic inflammation at the level of AT.
PubMed: 38943663
DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgae445 -
Journal of Agricultural and Food... Jun 2024Omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) play critical roles in human development and health. Their intake is often effectively estimated solely based on...
Omega-3 Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Nonseafood and Estimated Intake in the USA: Quantitative Analysis by Covalent Adduct Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry.
Omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) play critical roles in human development and health. Their intake is often effectively estimated solely based on seafood consumption, though the high intake of terrestrial animal-based foods with minor amounts of LCPUFA may be significant. Covalent adduct chemical ionization (CACI) tandem mass spectrometry is one approach for structural and quantitative analysis of minor unsaturated fatty acids (FA), for which standards are unavailable. Here, CACI-MS and MS/MS are used to identify and quantify minor omega-3 LCPUFA of terrestrial animal foods based on the application of measured response factors (RFs) to various FA. American mean intakes of pork, beef, chicken, and eggs contribute 20, 27, 45, and 71 mg/day of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), respectively. The estimated intake of omega-3 DHA, eicosapentaenoic acid, and docosapentaenoic acid from nonseafood sources is significant, at 164, 103, and 330 mg/day, greater than most existing estimates of omega-3 LCPUFA intake.
PubMed: 38943596
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c03546 -
Food & Function Jun 2024: Gout is a nutrition-related, highly prevalent inflammatory arthritis with undesirable effects on the quality of life. The relationships between circulating fatty acids...
: Gout is a nutrition-related, highly prevalent inflammatory arthritis with undesirable effects on the quality of life. The relationships between circulating fatty acids (FAs) and gout remain poorly understood. : We included 268 174 participants with plasma FAs measured using nuclear magnetic resonance at the baseline (2006-2010) from the UK Biobank, of which 15 194 participants had repeated measures of FAs between 2012 and 2013. Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the association of the baseline and longitudinal changes in relative levels of plasma FAs ( total FAs) with incident gout. Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses were conducted to assess the potential causality of the examined association. : Over a median follow-up of 12.8 years, 5160 incident cases of gout occurred. Baseline polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), n-6 PUFAs, and linoleic acids (LAs) were inversely associated with incident gout (all -trend values < 0.0001). Baseline monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), n-3 PUFAs, and docosahexaenoic acids (DHAs) were positively associated with incident gout (all -trend values < 0.0001). Longitudinal increments of n-6 PUFAs and LAs were associated with a lower risk of subsequent gout, whereas an increment of n-3 PUFAs was associated with a higher risk. In two-sample MR analyses, genetically determined higher levels of PUFAs, n-6 PUFAs, and LAs were associated with a decreased risk of gout (all values < 0.05). : Our findings consistently indicate a causal relationship of elevated levels of n-6 PUFAs, especially LAs, with a reduced risk of gout.
PubMed: 38934729
DOI: 10.1039/d4fo00987h -
International Journal of Food Sciences... Jun 2024The current prebirth cohort study investigated the association between maternal intake of specific types of fatty acids during pregnancy and adolescent depressive...
The current prebirth cohort study investigated the association between maternal intake of specific types of fatty acids during pregnancy and adolescent depressive symptoms based on the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. Subjects were 873 mother-child pairs. Dietary intake during the preceding month was assessed using a self-administered diet history questionnaire. The risk of depressive symptoms was 23.3% among the 873 adolescents at 13 years of age. Higher maternal saturated fatty acid intake during pregnancy was independently associated with a reduced risk of depressive symptoms in adolescents. Maternal intake of total fat, monounsaturated fatty acids, n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, α-linolenic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, linoleic acid, arachidonic acid and cholesterol during pregnancy was not significantly related to depressive symptoms in adolescents. Higher maternal intake of saturated fatty acids during pregnancy may be inversely associated with adolescent depressive symptoms.
PubMed: 38932430
DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2024.2370351 -
Pharmaceutics Jun 2024Glycerophospholipids have hydrophobic and hydrophilic moieties. Previous studies suggest that phospholipids with different moieties have different effects on rodent...
Glycerophospholipids have hydrophobic and hydrophilic moieties. Previous studies suggest that phospholipids with different moieties have different effects on rodent behavior; however, the relationship between chemical structures and behavioral effects remains unclear. To clarify the functions of phospholipid moieties, we injected male rats with phospholipids with different moieties and conducted behavioral tests. Exploratory activity was reduced by phosphatidylethanolamine (PE)(18:0/22:6) but not PE(18:0/18:0) or PE(18:0/20:4). Conversely, exploratory activity was increased by plasmanyl PE(16:0/22:6), which harbors an alkyl-ether linkage, but not by phosphatidylcholine (PC)(16:0/22:6) or plasmanyl PC(16:0/22:6). Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)(22:6) and an alkyl-ether linkage in PE were thus postulated to be involved in exploratory activity. Anxiety-like behavior was reduced by plasmenyl PC(18:0/20:4), which harbors a vinyl-ether linkage, but not by PC(18:0/20:4) or plasmanyl PC(18:0/20:4), suggesting the anxiolytic effects of vinyl-ether linkage. The activation of social interaction was suppressed by PE(18:0/18:0), PE(18:0/22:6), PC(16:0/22:6), plasmanyl PE(16:0/22:6), and plasmanyl PC(16:0/22:6) but not by PE(18:0/20:4), plasmenyl PE(18:0/20:4), or plasmanyl PC(18:0/22:6). DHA may suppress social interaction, whereas arachidonic acid(20:4) or a combination of alkyl-ether linkage and stearic acid(18:0) may restore social deficits. Our findings indicate the characteristic effects of different phospholipid moieties on rat behavior, and may help to elucidate patterns between chemical structures and their effects.
PubMed: 38931883
DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16060762 -
Nutrients Jun 2024Taste disorders (TDs) are common among systemically treated cancer patients and negatively impact their nutritional status and quality of life. The novel food approved... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Taste disorders (TDs) are common among systemically treated cancer patients and negatively impact their nutritional status and quality of life. The novel food approved by the European Commission (EFSA), dried miracle berries (DMB), contains the natural taste-modifying protein miraculin. DMB, also available as a supplement, has emerged as a possible alternative treatment for TDs. The present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of habitual DMB consumption in malnourished cancer patients undergoing active treatment. An exploratory clinical trial was carried out in which 31 cancer patients were randomized into three arms [standard dose of DMB (150 mg DMB/tablet), high dose of DMB (300 mg DMB/tablet) or placebo (300 mg freeze-dried strawberry)] for three months. Patients consumed a DMB tablet or placebo daily before each main meal (breakfast, lunch, and dinner). Throughout the five main visits, electrochemical taste perception, nutritional status, dietary intake, quality of life and the fatty acid profile of erythrocytes were evaluated. Patients consuming a standard dose of DMB exhibited improved taste acuity over time (% change right/left side: -52.8 ± 38.5/-58.7 ± 69.2%) and salty taste perception (2.29 ± 1.25 vs. high dose: 2.17 ± 1.84 vs. placebo: 1.57 ± 1.51 points, < 0.05). They also had higher energy intake ( = 0.075) and covered better energy expenditure (107 ± 19%). The quality of life evaluated by symptom scales improved in patients receiving the standard dose of DMB (constipation, = 0.048). The levels of arachidonic (13.1 ± 1.8; 14.0 ± 2.8, 12.0 ± 2.0%; = 0.004) and docosahexaenoic (4.4 ± 1.7; 4.1 ± 1.0; 3.9 ± 1.6%; = 0.014) acids in erythrocytes increased over time after DMB intake. The standard dose of DMB increased fat-free mass vs. placebo (47.4 ± 9.3 vs. 44.1 ± 4.7 kg, = 0.007). Importantly, habitual patients with DMB did not experience any adverse events, and metabolic parameters remained stable and within normal ranges. In conclusion, habitual consumption of a standard 150 mg dose of DMB improves electrochemical food perception, nutritional status (energy intake, fat quantity and quality, fat-free mass), and quality of life in malnourished cancer patients receiving antineoplastic treatment. Additionally, DMB consumption appears to be safe, with no changes in major biochemical parameters associated with health status. Clinical trial registered (NCT05486260).
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Pilot Projects; Neoplasms; Middle Aged; Malnutrition; Dietary Supplements; Quality of Life; Aged; Nutritional Status; Treatment Outcome; Taste Perception; Adult
PubMed: 38931260
DOI: 10.3390/nu16121905 -
Nutrients Jun 2024Fatty acids (FAs) are an essential component of the erythrocyte membrane, and nutrition and physical exercise are two variables that affect their structure and function....
Fatty acids (FAs) are an essential component of the erythrocyte membrane, and nutrition and physical exercise are two variables that affect their structure and function. The aim of this study was to evaluate the erythrocyte profile in a group of high-level endurance runners, as well as the changes in different FAs, throughout a sports season in relation to the training performed. A total of 21 high-level male endurance runners (23 ± 4 years; height: 1.76 ± 0.05) were evaluated at four different times throughout a sports season. The athletes had at least 5 years of previous experience and participated in national and international competitions. The determination of the different FAs was carried out by gas chromatography. The runners exhibited low concentrations of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and omega-3 index (IND ω-3), as well as high values of stearic acid (SA), palmitic acid (PA), and arachidonic acid (AA), compared to the values of reference throughout the study. In conclusion, training modifies the erythrocyte FA profile in high-level endurance runners, reducing the concentrations of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) such as DHA and AA and increasing the concentrations of saturated fatty acids (SFAs) such as SA and the PA. High-level endurance runners should pay special attention to the intake of PUFAs ω-3 in their diet or consider supplementation during training periods to avoid deficiency.
Topics: Humans; Male; Running; Erythrocytes; Fatty Acids; Physical Endurance; Adult; Young Adult; Athletes; Docosahexaenoic Acids; Fatty Acids, Omega-3; Arachidonic Acid; Seasons; Palmitic Acid
PubMed: 38931250
DOI: 10.3390/nu16121895 -
Nutrients Jun 2024Choline is an essential nutrient, with high requirements during fetal and postnatal growth. Tissue concentrations of total choline are tightly regulated, requiring an... (Review)
Review
Choline is an essential nutrient, with high requirements during fetal and postnatal growth. Tissue concentrations of total choline are tightly regulated, requiring an increase in its pool size proportional to growth. Phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin, containing a choline headgroup, are constitutive membrane phospholipids, accounting for >85% of total choline, indicating that choline requirements are particularly high during growth. Daily phosphatidylcholine secretion via bile for lipid digestion and very low-density lipoproteins for plasma transport of arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acid to other organs exceed 50% of its hepatic pool. Moreover, phosphatidylcholine is required for converting pro-apoptotic ceramides to sphingomyelin, while choline is the source of betaine as a methyl donor for creatine synthesis, DNA methylation/repair and kidney function. Interrupted choline supply, as during current total parenteral nutrition (TPN), causes a rapid drop in plasma choline concentration and accumulating deficit. The American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (A.S.P.E.N.) defined choline as critical to all infants requiring TPN, claiming its inclusion in parenteral feeding regimes. We performed a systematic literature search in Pubmed with the terms "choline" and "parenteral nutrition", resulting in 47 relevant publications. Their results, together with cross-references, are discussed. While studies on parenteral choline administration in neonates and older children are lacking, preclinical and observational studies, as well as small randomized controlled trials in adults, suggest choline deficiency as a major contributor to acute and chronic TPN-associated liver disease, and the safety and efficacy of parenteral choline administration for its prevention. Hence, we call for choline formulations suitable to be added to TPN solutions and clinical trials to study their efficacy, particularly in growing children including preterm infants.
Topics: Choline; Humans; Dietary Supplements; Parenteral Nutrition; Infant, Newborn; Infant; Choline Deficiency; Child; Parenteral Nutrition, Total; Child, Preschool
PubMed: 38931230
DOI: 10.3390/nu16121873