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Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) May 2024Street food may be a vehicle of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) to humans. Foods contaminated with ARB entail serious problems... (Review)
Review
Street food may be a vehicle of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) to humans. Foods contaminated with ARB entail serious problems or challenges in the fields of medical care, animal husbandry, food industry, and public health worldwide. The objectives of this systematic review were to identify and evaluate scientific reports associated with ARB isolated from various street foods. "Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis" (PRISMA) guidelines were followed. The bibliographic material covers a period from January 2015 to April 2024. Six electronic scientific databases were searched individually for full-text articles; only those papers that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected. Seventeen papers were included in this systematic review. This study highlighted the wide distribution of ARB resistant to β-lactams and other antibiotics, posing significant health risks to consumers. High resistance levels were observed for antibiotics such as ampicillin, ceftriaxone, and tetracycline, while some antibiotics, such as ceftazidime, clavulanic acid, cefoperazone, cotrimoxazole, doxycycline, doripenem, fosfomycin, vancomycin, and piperacillin-tazobactam, demonstrated 100% susceptibility. The prevalence of ARB in street foods varied between 5.2% and 70.8% among different countries. The multiple resistance of various bacteria, including , , , and , to multiple classes of antibiotics, as well as environmental factors contributing to the spread of antibiotic resistance (AR), emphasize the urgent need for comprehensive approaches and coordinated efforts to confront antimicrobial resistance (AMR) under the "One Health" paradigm.
PubMed: 38927148
DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13060481 -
Infectious Disease Reports Jun 2024We report the case of a 28-year-old male with uncontrolled human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection who presented with extensive ulcerated lesions with dark...
We report the case of a 28-year-old male with uncontrolled human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection who presented with extensive ulcerated lesions with dark lamellated crusting on his face, torso, and limbs. The patient had a rapid plasma reagin (RPR) titer of 1:512, indicative of syphilis. A skin biopsy revealed granulomata surrounded by lymphocytes, histiocytes, and plasma cells, with spirochetes visible on immunohistochemical staining. The patient's rash resolved with hyperpigmented scarring after penicillin and doxycycline treatment. This severe form of secondary syphilis has been termed malignant syphilis, lues maligna, ulceronodular syphilis, or rupioid syphilis. We propose a single descriptive name for this entity, ulceronodular-rupioid syphilis. In 1969, Fisher proposed criteria for malignant syphilis based on lesion appearance, histopathologic findings, high RPR values, and rapid response to treatment. We found that the Fisher criteria were imprecise with respect to specific histopathologic findings, the quantitation of RPR values, and what constitutes rapid response to treatment. Thus, we examined an additional 74 cases from the literature and propose new diagnostic criteria based on rash appearance, histopathologic characteristics, non-treponemal and treponemal test positivity, and response to therapy. We also found that uncontrolled viremia, and not a low CD4 count, is a major risk factor for ulceronodular-rupioid syphilis in HIV patients.
PubMed: 38920894
DOI: 10.3390/idr16030038 -
Frontiers in Medicine 2024pneumonia is very rare in normal people. At present, there is a lack of clinical data on the clinical characteristics and diagnosis and treatment experience of patients...
BACKGROUND
pneumonia is very rare in normal people. At present, there is a lack of clinical data on the clinical characteristics and diagnosis and treatment experience of patients with this type of infection. Our team had recently treated 7 cases of these patients. This study aims to comprehensively summarize and analyze the clinical characteristics and treatment methods of pneumonia, and to provide clinical evidence for the diagnosis and treatment of pneumonia.
METHODS
Clinical data were retrospectively collected from patients diagnosed with pneumonia through metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) at the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Meizhou People's Hospital.
RESULTS
Seven patients with pneumonia reported a history of poultry exposure, experiencing fever alongside respiratory or digestive symptoms. Marked elevation of blood inflammation markers, accompanied by hypoproteinemia and liver damage, was observed. Chest CT scans revealed pneumonia and pleural effusion. was detected in blood or bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) through mNGS, often co-occurring with or other bacteria infections. Notably, Doxycycline demonstrated efficacy in treating
CONCLUSION
infection is a zoonotic disease, particularly among individuals with a history of poultry exposure, and mNGS emerges as a reliable diagnostic tool for its detection. infection manifests with systemic and lung inflammation, effectively addressed through Doxycycline therapy.
PubMed: 38919935
DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1406737 -
Iranian Journal of Public Health Mar 2024Uropathogenic is a major cause of urinary tract infections (UTIs). This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to determine the prevalence of... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Uropathogenic is a major cause of urinary tract infections (UTIs). This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to determine the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant uropathogenic among Iranian children with confirmed bacterial UTIs from 2012 to 2022.
METHODS
A systematic review was performed by searching PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, Web of Science, MagIran, Iranian Scientific Information Database, IranMedex, and Iranian Research Institute for Information Science and Technology. The antibiotic-specific pooled prevalence estimates were calculated by applying a random-effects model. Freeman-Tukey Double Arcsine transformation was applied. I-squared statistic, and Cochran's Q test were computed and meta-regression was conducted on latitude of sampling location.
RESULTS
The literature search retrieved 2159 articles, among which 19 articles were included. The highest antibiotic resistance was related to doxycycline, ticarcillin-clavulanic acid, cefazolin, cefuroxime, and amoxycillin-clavulanic acid, 59%, 57%, 54%, 53%, and 52%, respectively. Meta-regression on the latitude was statistically significant for nitrofurantoin (=0.05).
CONCLUSION
Resistant uropathogenic Escherichia coli strains were observed in the majority of confirmed bacterial UTIs among Iranian children. The most effective antibiotics for uropathogens were colistin, meropenem, and imipenem.
PubMed: 38919304
DOI: 10.18502/ijph.v53i3.15133 -
BMC Veterinary Research Jun 2024Acinetobacter lwoffii (A. lwoffii) is a Gram-negative bacteria common in the environment, and it is the normal flora in human respiratory and digestive tracts. The...
BACKGROUND
Acinetobacter lwoffii (A. lwoffii) is a Gram-negative bacteria common in the environment, and it is the normal flora in human respiratory and digestive tracts. The bacteria is a zoonotic and opportunistic pathogen that causes various infections, including nosocomial infections. The aim of this study was to identify A. lwoffii strains isolated from bovine milk with subclinical mastitis in China and get a better understanding of its antimicrobial susceptibility and resistance profile. This is the first study to analyze the drug resistance spectrum and corresponding mechanisms of A. lwoffii isolated in raw milk.
RESULTS
Four A. lwoffii strains were isolated by PCR method. Genetic evolution analysis using the neighbor-joining method showed that the four strains had a high homology with Acinetobacter lwoffii. The strains were resistant to several antibiotics and carried 17 drug-resistance genes across them. Specifically, among 23 antibiotics, the strains were completely susceptible to 6 antibiotics, including doxycycline, erythromycin, polymyxin, clindamycin, imipenem, and meropenem. In addition, the strains showed variable resistance patterns. A total of 17 resistance genes, including plasmid-mediated resistance genes, were detected across the four strains. These genes mediated resistance to 5 classes of antimicrobials, including beta-lactam, aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, tetracycline, sulfonamides, and chloramphenicol.
CONCLUSION
These findings indicated that multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter lwoffii strains exist in raw milk of bovine with subclinical mastitis. Acinetobacter lwoffii are widespread in natural environmental samples, including water, soil, bathtub, soap box, skin, pharynx, conjunctiva, saliva, gastrointestinal tract, and vaginal secretions. The strains carry resistance genes in mobile genetic elements to enhance the spread of these genes. Therefore, more attention should be paid to epidemiological surveillance and drug resistant A. lwoffii.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Mastitis, Bovine; Female; Acinetobacter; Milk; China; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Acinetobacter Infections; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial
PubMed: 38918815
DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-04119-3 -
Veterinary Microbiology Jun 2024Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (APP) causes significant economic losses to the swine industry. Antibiotic treatment can be challenging due to its clinical urgency and...
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (APP) causes significant economic losses to the swine industry. Antibiotic treatment can be challenging due to its clinical urgency and the turnover of antimicrobial susceptibility results from the diagnostic laboratory. The aim of this study was to evaluate the vertical transmission of APP within integrated systems as a criterion for optimising antimicrobial treatment in the field, using whole genome sequencing (WGS). Additionally, the genetic variability of Spanish APP isolates has been assessed to decipher antimicrobial resistance (AMR) determinants, toxin presence, serotype, and phenotype/genotype concordance of AMR. A total of 169 isolates from clinical cases of porcine pleuropneumonia with known antimicrobial susceptibility profiles were sequenced. Additionally, 48 NCBI assemblies were included to perform a phylogenetic analysis. Phylogenetic analysis revealed high association between phylogenetic clusters, serotypes, and presence of toxins that are associated within vertically integrated systems by its epidemiological link. Concordance between presence of AMR determinants (genotype) vs in-vitro antimicrobial susceptibility pattern (phenotype) was acceptable for amoxicillin, florfenicol, oxytetracycline, and enrofloxacin using epidemiological cut-off values (ECOFFs), but low concordance was observed for doxycycline and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (T/S). On the other hand, using CLSI clinical breakpoints (CBPs), concordance was acceptable for florfenicol and enrofloxacin and not evaluated for doxycycline, oxytetracycline, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (T/S), and amoxicillin because no CBP are available for them. Finally, WGS has demonstrated the clonality between isolates that shared a common origin (grandmother's farm) and resistance phenotype, suggesting vertical transmission of this pathogen and supporting the use of the epidemiological approach as a good criterion to optimise the antimicrobial use.
PubMed: 38917664
DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110157 -
PloS One 2024Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) derived into neurons offer a powerful in vitro model to study cellular processes. One method to characterize functional...
Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) derived into neurons offer a powerful in vitro model to study cellular processes. One method to characterize functional network properties of these cells is using multielectrode arrays (MEAs). MEAs can measure the electrophysiological activity of cellular cultures for extended periods of time without disruption. Here we used WTC11 hiPSCs with a doxycycline-inducible neurogenin 2 (NGN2) transgene differentiated into neurons co-cultured with primary human astrocytes. We achieved a synchrony index ∼0.9 in as little as six-weeks with a mean firing rate of ∼13 Hz. Previous reports show that derived 3D brain organoids can take several months to achieve similar strong network burst synchrony. We also used this co-culture to model aspects of blood-brain barrier breakdown by using human serum. Our fully human co-culture achieved strong network burst synchrony in a fraction of the time of previous reports, making it an excellent first pass, high-throughput method for studying network properties and neurodegenerative diseases.
Topics: Humans; Astrocytes; Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells; Coculture Techniques; Neurons; Cell Differentiation; Cells, Cultured; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors; Electrodes; Blood-Brain Barrier
PubMed: 38917115
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0303901 -
Radiology Jun 2024A 15-year-old male patient presented with a 3-week history of inner left thigh pain provoked by activity and experienced occasionally at rest. The patient denied...
A 15-year-old male patient presented with a 3-week history of inner left thigh pain provoked by activity and experienced occasionally at rest. The patient denied nighttime pain, fever, or chills. Laboratory investigation revealed the following normal values: hemoglobin level of 15.6 g/dL (normal range, 13-16 g/dL), platelet count of 240 × 103/µL (normal range, 140-440 × 103/µL), and total leukocyte count of 7100 cells/µL (normal range, 4500-11 000 cells/µL). The percentage of neutrophils was considered low at 44% (normal range, 54%-62%), and the percentage of eosinophils was slightly high at 3.7% (normal range, 0%-3%). An anteroposterior radiograph of the left hip is shown. Physical therapy was initiated, with no improvement after 2 weeks of therapy. The patient was referred to an orthopedist for further evaluation. At physical examination, the patient endorsed marked left hip pain with hip flexion to 90°, limited internal and external rotation (5° and 15°, respectively), and antalgic gait favoring the left leg. Hip MRI and further serologic analysis were requested for further evaluation. Although the serologic testing was performed at an outside laboratory, the physician reported positive immunoglobulin-G Lyme titers, normal C-reactive protein level, and normal erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Pelvic CT was requested. The patient was prescribed a course of doxycycline (100 mg twice daily for 28 days), with reported resolution of symptoms 2 weeks after initiation of treatment. Three weeks later, the patient presented to our department with recurrent left hip pain, which was similar in severity compared with the initial presentation. A second MRI examination of the left hip was performed 4 months after the initial presentation.
Topics: Humans; Male; Adolescent; Osteoma, Osteoid; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Diagnosis, Differential; Bone Neoplasms; Hip Joint
PubMed: 38916512
DOI: 10.1148/radiol.230629 -
Cardiovascular Research Jun 2024Endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction plays a key role in the initiation and progression of cardiovascular disease. However, studying these disorders in ECs from patients is...
AIMS
Endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction plays a key role in the initiation and progression of cardiovascular disease. However, studying these disorders in ECs from patients is challenging, hence the use of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) and their in vitro differentiation into ECs represents a very promising approach. Still, the generation of hiPSC-derived ECs (hECs) remains demanding as a cocktail of growth factors and an intermediate purification step are required for hEC enrichment. Therefore, we probed the utility of a forward programming approach using transgenic hiPSC lines.
METHODS AND RESULTS
We have used the transgenic hiPSC line PGP1 ETV2 iso2 to explore the in vitro differentiation of hECs via doxycycline-dependent induction of the transcription factor ETV2 and compared these with a standard differentiation protocol for hECs using non-transgenic control hiPSCs. The transgenic hECs were highly enriched without an intermediate purification step and expressed - as non-transgenic hECs and HUVECs - characteristic EC markers. The viability and yield of transgenic hECs were strongly improved by applying EC growth medium during differentiation. This protocol was successfully applied in two more transgenic hiPSC lines yielding reproducible results with low line-to-line variability. Transgenic hECs displayed typical functional properties, such as tube formation and LDL uptake, and a more mature phenotype than non-transgenic hECs. Transgenic hiPSCs preferentially differentiated into the arterial lineage, this was further enhanced by adding a high VEGF concentration to the medium. We also demonstrate that complexing lentivirus with magnetic nanoparticles and application of a magnetic field enables efficient transduction of transgenic hECs.
CONCLUSIONS
We have established a highly efficient, cost-effective, and reproducible differentiation protocol for the generation of functional hECs via forward programming. The transgenic hECs can be genetically modified and are a powerful tool for disease modelling, tissue engineering, and translational purposes.
PubMed: 38916487
DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvae129 -
International Journal of... Apr 2024Mycobacterium welchii (Mycobacterium w) vaccine was one of the many strategies used to both treat and prevent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. We report...
BACKGROUND
Mycobacterium welchii (Mycobacterium w) vaccine was one of the many strategies used to both treat and prevent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. We report the results of a retrospective analysis of 15 cases with vaccine-site granulomas after administration of prophylactic Mycobacterium w vaccine as part of a trial for COVID-19 and our experience in managing those cases.
METHODS
This was a retrospective analysis of 15 patients with vaccine-site granulomas who were given the vaccine as a prophylactic measure as part of a trial with informed consent.
RESULTS
The mean average age of cases was 37 and the male-to-female ratio was 1:0.87. All of the patients developed erythematous tender nodules over the injection sites within a month of receiving the inoculations. Mycobacterial cultures and cartridge-based nucleic acid amplification tests yielded negative results. Skin biopsy revealed granulomatous dermatitis with acid-fast bacilli positivity. A diagnosis of noninfective granulomatous dermatitis was made. Treatment started with analgesics and anti-inflammatory agents. Systemic antibiotics were required in 9/15 patients. Patients are being followed up with no reported recurrence till date.
CONCLUSION
The possibility of injection-site granuloma should be taken into the risk-benefit analysis for the administration of Mycobacterium w vaccine and the patients should be counseled as such. Patients with persistent ulceration respond to combinations of doxycycline, ofloxacin, and clarithromycin.
Topics: Humans; Female; Male; Retrospective Studies; Adult; Granuloma; Middle Aged; Bacterial Vaccines; COVID-19; Injection Site Reaction; Young Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents
PubMed: 38916389
DOI: 10.4103/ijmy.ijmy_50_24