-
Archives of Osteoporosis Jul 2024This study examined low bone mineral density (BMD) prevalence and associated factors among Chinese people living with HIV (PLWH), uncovering a persistent high BMD risk...
UNLABELLED
This study examined low bone mineral density (BMD) prevalence and associated factors among Chinese people living with HIV (PLWH), uncovering a persistent high BMD risk in older individuals, even after adjusting for age and body mass index (BMI). Notably, lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r) therapy was linked to reduced BMD, highlighting the imperative need for regular BMD monitoring and interventions in older PLWH.
PURPOSE
HIV infection and antiretroviral therapy (ART) have been shown to contribute to lower BMD, resulting in an increased susceptibility to osteopenia and osteoporosis. However, there is limited knowledge about the prevalence of reduced BMD and its associated factors among Chinese PLWH. In this cross-sectional study, we aimed to investigate the prevalence and factors associated with low BMD among PLWH in China.
METHODS
We retrospectively enrolled PLWH and non-HIV volunteers who underwent dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans to measure bone density. Demographic information, laboratory test results, ART regimens, and treatment duration were collected. Univariate and multiple regression analyses were performed to identify factors influencing abnormal bone mass in PLWH.
RESULTS
A total of 829 individuals were included in this study, comprising the HIV group (n = 706) and the non-HIV group (n = 123). The prevalence of low BMD among all PLWH was found to be 13.88% (98 out of 706). However, among PLWH aged 50 years and above, the prevalence increased to 65.32% (81 out of 124). In contrast, control subjects in the same age group had a prevalence of 38.21% (47 out of 123). After adjusting for age and BMI, older PLWH still demonstrated a higher prevalence of low BMD compared to the non-HIV group (68.24% vs 34.94%, P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed that older age was strongly associated with a higher risk of low BMD among PLWH, with an odds ratio (OR) of 6.28 for every 10-year increase in age in the ART-naïve population (95% confidence intervals [CIs], 3.12-12.65; P < 0.001) and OR of 4.83 in the ART-experienced population (3.20-7.29, P < 0.001). Within the ART-experienced group, current LPV/r treatment was associated with an increased risk of low BMD (OR = 3.55, 1.24-10.14, P < 0.05), along with lower BMI (OR = 0.84, 0.75-0.95, P < 0.05), and elevated alkaline phosphatase (OR = 1.02, 1.01-1.03, P < 0.01).
CONCLUSION
The prevalence of low BMD is higher among PLWH aged 50 years and above compared to non-HIV individuals. The use of LPV/r for ART is associated with reduced BMD. These findings emphasize the importance of regular monitoring of BMD in older PLWH and the need for appropriate interventions to mitigate the risks of osteopenia and osteoporosis in this population.
Topics: Humans; Cross-Sectional Studies; HIV Infections; Male; Female; Middle Aged; Bone Density; Prevalence; Adult; China; Absorptiometry, Photon; Retrospective Studies; Osteoporosis; Risk Factors; Aged; Bone Diseases, Metabolic
PubMed: 38954143
DOI: 10.1007/s11657-024-01413-3 -
RSC Advances Jun 2024Endowing implanted biomaterials with better hemocompatibility, anticoagulation, antioxidant and antiplatelet adhesion is necessary because of their potential to trigger...
Endowing implanted biomaterials with better hemocompatibility, anticoagulation, antioxidant and antiplatelet adhesion is necessary because of their potential to trigger activation of multiple reactive mechanisms including coagulation cascade and potentially causing serious adverse clinical events like late thrombosis. Active ingredients from natural sources including , , and have the ability to inhibit the coagulation cascade and thrombus formation around biomedical implants. These properties are of interest for the development of a novel drug for biomedical implants to potentially solve the current blood clotting and coagulation problems which lead to stent thrombosis. The objective of this study was to incorporate different anticoagulants from natural sources into a degradable matrix of chitosan with varying concentrations ranging from 5% to 15% and a composite containing all three drugs. The presence of anticoagulant constituents was identified using GC-MS. Subsequently, all the compositions were characterized principally by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy while the drug release profile was determined using UV-spectrometry for a 30 days immersion period. The results indicated an initial burst release which was subsequently followed by the sustained release pattern. Compared to heparin loaded chitosan, DPPH and hemolysis tests revealed better blood compatibility of natural drug loaded films. Moreover, the anticoagulation activity of natural drugs was equivalent to the heparin loaded film; however, through docking, the mechanism of inhibition of the coagulation cascade of the novel drug was found to be through blocking the extrinsic pathway. The study suggested that the proposed drug composite expresses an optimum composition which may be a practicable and appropriate candidate for biomedical implant coatings.
PubMed: 38952927
DOI: 10.1039/d4ra00796d -
International Journal of Nanomedicine 2024Implants are widely used in the field of orthopedics and dental sciences. Titanium (TI) and its alloys have become the most widely used implant materials, but...
BACKGROUND
Implants are widely used in the field of orthopedics and dental sciences. Titanium (TI) and its alloys have become the most widely used implant materials, but implant-associated infection remains a common and serious complication after implant surgery. In addition, titanium exhibits biological inertness, which prevents implants and bone tissue from binding strongly and may cause implants to loosen and fall out. Therefore, preventing implant infection and improving their bone induction ability are important goals.
PURPOSE
To study the antibacterial activity and bone induction ability of titanium-copper alloy implants coated with nanosilver/poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (NSPTICU) and provide a new approach for inhibiting implant-associated infection and promoting bone integration.
METHODS
We first examined the in vitro osteogenic ability of NSPTICU implants by studying the proliferation and differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells. Furthermore, the ability of NSPTICU implants to induce osteogenic activity in SD rats was studied by micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, masson staining, immunohistochemistry and van gieson (VG) staining. The antibacterial activity of NSPTICU in vitro was studied with gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. was used as the test bacterium, and the antibacterial ability of NSPTICU implanted in rats was studied by gross view specimen collection, bacterial colony counting, HE staining and Giemsa staining.
RESULTS
Alizarin red staining, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blot analysis showed that NSPTICU promoted the osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells. The in vitro antimicrobial results showed that the NSPTICU implants exhibited better antibacterial properties. Animal experiments showed that NSPTICU can inhibit inflammation and promote the repair of bone defects.
CONCLUSION
NSPTICU has excellent antibacterial and bone induction ability, and has broad application prospects in the treatment of bone defects related to orthopedics and dental sciences.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Osteogenesis; Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; Mice; Staphylococcus aureus; Coated Materials, Biocompatible; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Escherichia coli; Cell Differentiation; Prostheses and Implants; Alloys; Rats; Titanium; Silver; Cell Proliferation; Copper; Male; X-Ray Microtomography; Cell Line; Metal Nanoparticles
PubMed: 38952675
DOI: 10.2147/IJN.S456906 -
Acta Medica Portuguesa Jul 2024
Topics: Humans; Device Removal; Female; Drug Implants; Contraceptive Agents, Female; Adult; Desogestrel
PubMed: 38950612
DOI: 10.20344/amp.21636 -
Theranostics 2024The repair of osteoporotic bone defects remains challenging due to excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS), persistent inflammation, and an imbalance between...
The repair of osteoporotic bone defects remains challenging due to excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS), persistent inflammation, and an imbalance between osteogenesis and osteoclastogenesis. Here, an injectable H-releasing hydrogel (magnesium@polyethylene glycol-poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid), Mg@PEG-PLGA) was developed to remodel the challenging bone environment and accelerate the repair of osteoporotic bone defects. This Mg@PEG-PLGA gel shows excellent injectability, shape adaptability, and phase-transition ability, can fill irregular bone defect areas via minimally invasive injection, and can transform into a porous scaffold to provide mechanical support. With the appropriate release of H and magnesium ions, the 2Mg@PEG-PLGA gel (loaded with 2 mg of Mg) displayed significant immunomodulatory effects through reducing intracellular ROS, guiding macrophage polarization toward the M2 phenotype, and inhibiting the IκB/NF-κB signaling pathway. Moreover, experiments showed that the 2Mg@PEG-PLGA gel inhibited osteoclastogenesis while promoting osteogenesis. Most notably, in animal experiments, the 2Mg@PEG-PLGA gel significantly promoted the repair of osteoporotic bone defects by scavenging ROS and inhibiting inflammation and osteoclastogenesis. Overall, our study provides critical insight into the design and development of H-releasing magnesium-based hydrogels as potential implants for repairing osteoporotic bone defects.
Topics: Animals; Magnesium; Reactive Oxygen Species; Mice; Polyethylene Glycols; Hydrogels; Osteoporosis; Osteogenesis; Hydrogen; RAW 264.7 Cells; Bone Regeneration; Immunomodulation; Tissue Scaffolds; Macrophages; Polyesters
PubMed: 38948054
DOI: 10.7150/thno.97412 -
Journal of Indian Prosthodontic Society Jul 2024Studies have not been done to evaluate the peri-implant stress exerted by materials(like PEEK and resin matrix ceramics) in different osseointegration conditions. To...
AIM
Studies have not been done to evaluate the peri-implant stress exerted by materials(like PEEK and resin matrix ceramics) in different osseointegration conditions. To investigate the effect of different occlusal materials on peri-implant stress distribution with different osseointegration condition using finite element analysis.
SETTINGS AND DESIGN
Eighteen different 3D FEA models of implant fixed with abutment were created involving 6 different occlusal materials (Heat cured temporary acrylic resin (PMMA), Bis-GMA, PEEK, Lithium disilicate, Resin matrix ceramics and translucent Zirconia) and different osseointegrated conditions (50%, 75%, 100%).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Models were subjected to loading vertically and obliquely followed by evaluation of stress distribution.
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED
The results of the simulation obtained were analysed in terms of Von mises, maximum principal and minimal principal stresses using descriptive stastistics.
RESULTS
PMMA (40.14 MPa on vertical loading and 66 MPa on oblique loading) resulted in the highest stresses and lithium disilicate (24 MPa on vertical loading and 52.40 MPa on oblique loading) resulted in least stresses among all the crown materials. Upon oblique loading, von Mises stress increases except for translucent zirconia and lithium disilicate (52.444 MPa on 50%, 47.733 MPa on 75%, and 43.973 MPa on 100% osseointegration). Minimal principal stress values decreased with increase in osseointegration upon oblique loading for PMMA, BisGMA, and PEEK.
CONCLUSION
Translucent zirconia and lithium disilicate offer a better stress transmission. Minimal principal stress values of PEEK and BisGMA decreased with increasing osseointegration.
Topics: Finite Element Analysis; Osseointegration; Dental Materials; Dental Implants; Zirconium; Humans; Dental Porcelain; Ceramics; Materials Testing; Stress, Mechanical; Dental Stress Analysis; Polymethyl Methacrylate; Polymers
PubMed: 38946514
DOI: 10.4103/jips.jips_424_23 -
BMC Oral Health Jun 2024Tissue conditioners are used for treating and improving the tissues supporting complete dentures. On the other hand, recent advances in nanotechnology have...
BACKGROUND
Tissue conditioners are used for treating and improving the tissues supporting complete dentures. On the other hand, recent advances in nanotechnology have revolutionized various fields of science, including dentistry. The present study aimed to investigate novel antimicrobial applications of copper oxide nanoparticle-based tissue conditioner used in complete prostheses.
METHODS
The present experimental study included 126 tissue conditioner samples with different concentrations of copper oxide nanoparticles (20%, 10%, 5%, 2.5%, 1.25%, 0.625%, and 0% w/w). The samples were incubated with Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans in 24-well plates for 24 h. Then, samples from the wells were re-incubated for 24 h, and the microorganisms were counted.
RESULTS
The culture media containing E. faecalis and P. aeruginosa showed significantly different growth between different nanoparticle concentrations following 24 h (P < 0.001), showing a reduction in bacterial growth with increased nanoparticle concentration. Both bacteria did not show any growth at the 20% concentration. However, C. albicans showed significant differences in growth between different nanoparticle concentrations following 48 h (P < 0.001), showing a reduction in growth with increased nanoparticle concentration. Also, the least growth was observed at the 20% concentration.
CONCLUSIONS
In conclusion, the CuO nanoparticles were prepared using a green synthesis methon in the suitable sizes. Moreover, the tissue conditioners containing CuO nanoparticles showed acceptable antimicrobial properties against E. faecalis, P. aeruginosa, and C. albicans.
Topics: Copper; Enterococcus faecalis; Candida albicans; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Anti-Infective Agents; Denture, Complete; Nanoparticles; Humans; Metal Nanoparticles
PubMed: 38943115
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04534-w -
European Journal of Pharmaceutics and... Jun 2024Alzheimer's disease (ALZ) is a neurological disorder characterized by cognitive decline. Rivastigmine (RV), an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, is commonly used to treat...
Implantable trilayer microneedle transdermal delivery system to enhance bioavailability and brain delivery of rivastigmine for Alzheimer treatment: A proof-of-concept study.
Alzheimer's disease (ALZ) is a neurological disorder characterized by cognitive decline. Rivastigmine (RV), an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, is commonly used to treat ALZ. Unfortunately, RV is availablein capsule form, which is associated with low drug bioavailability, and in patch form, which can lead to skin irritation upon repeated use. This study successfully fabricated a trilayer dissolving microneedle (TDMN) containing RV with adequate mechanical strength by using the molding method. In vitro release and ex vivo permeation showed that the release and permeation of RV were significantly sustained compared to control without PCL. The release and permeation percentages were 91.34 ± 11.39 % and 13.76 ± 1.49 μg/cm, respectively. In addition, the concentration of RV in plasma and brain after 168 h was measured to be 0.44 ± 0.09 µg/mL and 1.23 ± 0.26 µg/g, respectively, which reached the minimum concentration to inhibit AcHE and BuChe. Pharmacokinetic testing revealed higher AUC values after administration of TDMN, indicating better bioavailability, and RV concentrations in the brain were found to be twice as high as those achieved with oral administration. This study suggests TDMN may enhance the bioavailability and brain delivery of RV.
PubMed: 38942175
DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2024.114382 -
Journal of Controlled Release :... Jun 2024In vitro-In vivo correlation (IVIVC) is a main focus of the pharmaceutical industry, academia and the regulatory sectors, as this is an effective modelling tool to...
In vitro-In vivo correlation (IVIVC) is a main focus of the pharmaceutical industry, academia and the regulatory sectors, as this is an effective modelling tool to predict drug product in vivo performance based on in vitro release data and serve as a surrogate for bioequivalence studies, significantly reducing the need for clinical studies. Till now, IVIVCs have not been successfully developed for in situ forming implants due to the significantly different in vitro and in vivo drug release profiles that are typically achieved for these dosage forms. This is not unexpected considering the unique complexity of the drug release mechanisms of these products. Using risperidone in situ forming implants as a model, the current work focuses on: 1) identification of critical attributes of in vitro release testing methods that may contribute to differences in in vitro and in vivo drug release from in situ forming implants; and 2) optimization of the in vitro release method, with the aim of developing Level A IVIVCs for risperidone implants. Dissolution methods based on a novel Teflon shape controlling adapter along with a water non-dissolvable glass fiber membrane (GF/F) instead of a water dissolvable PVA film (named as GF/F-Teflon adapter and PVA-Teflon adapter, respectively), and an in-house fabricated Glass slide adapter were used to investigate the impact of: the surface-to-volume ratio, water uptake ratio, phase separation rate (measured by NMP release in 24 h post injection in vitro or in vivo), and mechanical pressure on the drug release patterns. The surface-to-volume ratio and water uptake were shown to be more critical in vitro release testing method attributes compared to the phase separation rate and mechanical pressure. The Glass slide adapter-based dissolution method, which allowed for the formation of depots with bio-mimicking surface-to-volume ratios and sufficient water uptake, has the ability to generate bio-relevant degradation profiles as well as in vitro release profiles for risperidone implants. For the first time, a Level A IVIVC (rabbit model) has been successfully developed for in situ forming implants. Release data for implant formulations with slightly different PLGA molecular weights (MWs) were used to develop the IVIVC. The predictability of the model passed external validation using the reference listed drug (RLD), Perseris®. IVIVC could not be developed when formulations with different PLGA molar ratios of lactic acid to glycolic acid (L/G) were included. The present work provides a comprehensive understanding of the impact of the testing method attributes on drug release from in situ forming implants, which is a valuable practice for level A IVIVC development.
PubMed: 38936743
DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.06.058 -
Pharmaceutics Jun 2024Despite the high success rates of dental implants, peri-implantitis is currently the most common complication in dental implantology. Peri-implantitis has an... (Review)
Review
Despite the high success rates of dental implants, peri-implantitis is currently the most common complication in dental implantology. Peri-implantitis has an inflammatory nature, it is associated with the accumulation of plaque in the peri-implant tissues, and its evolution can be progressive depending on various factors, comorbidities, and poor oral health. Prophylaxis and different treatment methods have been widely discussed in recent decades, and surgical and non-surgical techniques present both advantages and disadvantages. In this work, a literature review of different studies on the application of adjuvant treatments, such as local and systemic antibiotics and antiseptic treatments, was conducted. Positive outcomes have been found in the short (up to one year after treatment) and long term (up to ten years after treatment) with combined therapies. However, there is still a need to explore new therapies based on the use of advanced drug delivery systems for the effective treatment of peri-implantitis in the long term and without relapses. Hence, micro- and nanoparticles, implants, and injectable hydrogels, among others, should be considered in future peri-implantitis treatment with the aim of enhancing overall therapy outcomes.
PubMed: 38931890
DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16060769