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European Review For Medical and... May 2024Cisplatin is a widely used and potent cytotoxic chemotherapy agent, but its nephrotoxicity is a significant limiting side effect. Various premedication approaches have...
OBJECTIVE
Cisplatin is a widely used and potent cytotoxic chemotherapy agent, but its nephrotoxicity is a significant limiting side effect. Various premedication approaches have been implemented to preserve renal function, including magnesium (Mg) preloading. However, the optimal Mg dosage is still unknown. Our study aimed to assess the protective effects of different Mg doses as premedication in cisplatin-based chemoradiotherapy for patients with local/locally advanced cervical and head-neck cancers.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
This retrospective, multicenter study involved premedication with saline infusion containing potassium chloride and magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) for all patients before cisplatin treatment. Patients were divided into two groups: 12 mEq MgSO4 (low-dose Mg preload group, low-Mg) and 24 mEq MgSO4 (high-dose Mg preload group, high-Mg). Renal function was evaluated using serum creatinine (sCr, mg/dl) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR, ml/min). Acute kidney injury (AKI) was defined per the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) version 5.0. Renal outcomes and efficacy were compared between the groups.
RESULTS
In the low-Mg group (n = 159), sCr levels were significantly higher compared to baseline, various weeks during treatment, and at the 1st, 3rd, 6th, and 12th months post-treatment (p < 0.001). In the high-Mg group (n = 128), no significant changes were observed during treatment and at 1st, 3rd, and 12th months post-treatment (p > 0.05). A significant reduction in mean sCr level from baseline to 6 months was noted in the high-Mg group (p < 0.001). eGFR values are generally correlated with sCr levels. AKI occurred in 21 (13.2%) and 22 (17.7%) patients in the low-Mg and high-Mg groups, respectively (p = 0.292). There was no difference in progression-free or overall survival between the groups.
CONCLUSIONS
We clearly demonstrated that saline hydration with 24 mEql MgSO4 supplementation before cisplatin treatment has a better renal protective effect than 12 mEql MgSO4 without reducing efficacy, especially in patients with local/local advanced cervical and head-neck cancer receiving cisplatin with concurrent radiotherapy.
Topics: Cisplatin; Humans; Retrospective Studies; Acute Kidney Injury; Female; Middle Aged; Magnesium Sulfate; Male; Antineoplastic Agents; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Adult; Magnesium; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Aged
PubMed: 38766796
DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202405_36185 -
Heliyon May 2024In this work, the corrosion behavior of pure Mg, Mg3Ag, Mg6Ag, and MgZnYNd alloys in different fixatives (ethyl alcohol (EA), 85 % ethyl alcohol (85 % EA), 10 %...
In this work, the corrosion behavior of pure Mg, Mg3Ag, Mg6Ag, and MgZnYNd alloys in different fixatives (ethyl alcohol (EA), 85 % ethyl alcohol (85 % EA), 10 % neutral buffered formalin (10 % NBF), 4 % glutaric dialdehyde (4 % GD), and 4 % paraformaldehyde (4 % PFA)) was investigated to provide a valuable reference for the selection of fixatives during the histological evaluation of Mg implants. Through the hydrogen evolution test, pH test, and corrosion morphology and product characterization, it was found that corrosion proceeded slowest in the EA and 85 % EA groups, slightly faster in 4 % GD, faster in 10 % NBF, and fastest in 4 % PFA. After corrosion, the EA group surface remained unchanged, while the 85%EA group surface developed minor cracks and warping. The 4%GD fixative formed a dense needle-like protective layer on the Mg substrate. The 10%NBF group initially grew a uniform layer, but later developed irregular pits due to accelerated corrosion. In contrast, the 4%PFA solution caused more severe corrosion attributed to chloride ions. The main corrosion products in the EA and 85%EA groups were MgO and Mg(OH), while the other fixatives containing diverse ions also yielded phosphates like Mg(PO) and MgHPO. In 4 % PFA, AgCl formed on the surface of Mg6Ag alloy after corrosion. Therefore, to minimize Mg alloy corrosion without compromising staining quality, EA or 85 % EA is recommended, while 4 % PFA is not recommended due to its significant impact.
PubMed: 38765150
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30286 -
Scientific Reports May 2024This study presents a thorough investigation into the concentration of heavy metals and mineral composition within four distinct coastal flora species: Cyperus...
This study presents a thorough investigation into the concentration of heavy metals and mineral composition within four distinct coastal flora species: Cyperus conglomeratus, Halopyrum mucronatum, Sericostem pauciflorum, and Salvadora persica. Employing rigorous statistical methodologies such as Pearson coefficient correlation, principal component analysis (PCA), analysis of variance (ANOVA), and interclass correlation (ICC), we aimed to elucidate the bioavailability of heavy metals, minerals, and relevant physical characteristics. The analysis focused on essential elements including copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), sodium (Na), potassium (K), and chloride (Cl), all of which are known to play pivotal roles in the ecological dynamics of coastal ecosystems. Through PCA, we discerned distinctive patterns within PC1 to PC4, collectively explaining an impressive 99.65% of the variance observed in heavy metal composition across the studied flora species. These results underscore the profound influence of environmental factors on the mineral composition of coastal flora, offering critical insights into the ecological processes shaping these vital ecosystems. Furthermore, significant correlations among mineral contents in H. mucronatum; K with content of Na (r = 0.989) and Mg (r = 0.984); as revealed by ICC analyses, contributed to a nuanced understanding of variations in electrical conductivity (EC), pH levels, and ash content among the diverse coastal flora species. By shedding light on heavy metal and mineral dynamics in coastal flora, this study not only advances our scientific understanding but also provides a foundation for the development of targeted environmental monitoring and management strategies aimed at promoting the ecological sustainability and resilience of coastal ecosystems in the face of ongoing environmental challenges.
Topics: Metals, Heavy; Minerals; Multivariate Analysis; Ecosystem; Biological Availability; Principal Component Analysis
PubMed: 38760440
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62201-0 -
Environmental Microbiology May 2024The degradation of freshwater systems by salt pollution is a threat to global freshwater resources. Salinization is commonly identified by increased specific conductance...
The degradation of freshwater systems by salt pollution is a threat to global freshwater resources. Salinization is commonly identified by increased specific conductance (conductivity), a proxy for salt concentrations. However, conductivity fails to account for the diversity of salts entering freshwaters and the potential implications this has on microbial communities and functions. We tested 4 types of salt pollution-MgCl, MgSO, NaCl, and NaSO-on bacterial taxonomic and functional α-, β-diversity of communities originating from streams in two distinct localities (Nebraska [NE] and Ohio [OH], USA). Community responses depended on the site of origin, with NE and OH exhibiting more pronounced decreases in community diversity in response to NaSO and MgCl than other salt amendments. A closer examination of taxonomic and functional diversity metrics suggests that core features of communities are more resistant to induced salt stress and that marginal features at both a population and functional level are more likely to exhibit significant structural shifts based on salt specificity. The lack of uniformity in community response highlights the need to consider the compositional complexities of salinization to accurately identify the ecological consequences of instances of salt pollution.
Topics: Fresh Water; Bacteria; Salinity; Microbiota; Sodium Chloride; Ohio; Sulfates; Biodiversity; Magnesium Sulfate; Magnesium Chloride
PubMed: 38757470
DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16628 -
Environmental Science and Pollution... May 2024An integrated approach combining water quality indices (WQIs), multivariate data mining, and geographic information system (GIS) was employed to examine the water...
An integrated approach combining water quality indices (WQIs), multivariate data mining, and geographic information system (GIS) was employed to examine the water quality of Bheemasandra Lake, located adjacent to a sewage treatment plant (STP) in Tumakuru city, India. The analysis of 22 lake water samples, examined before and after the monsoons, revealed that the physicochemical parameters namely - electrical conductivity, biochemical oxygen demand, turbidity, total dissolved solids, ammoniacal nitrogen, nitrates, phosphates, magnesium, total hardness, total alkalinity, and calcium - exceeded the acceptable limits stipulated by national and international standards. The Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment WQI (pre-monsoon: 25.3; post-monsoon: 33.9) and weighted arithmetic WQI (pre-monsoon: 3398; post-monsoon: 2093) designated the water as unsafe for drinking. Irrigation WQIs (sodium adsorption ratio, sodium percentage, residual sodium carbonate, magnesium hazard, permeability index, and potential salinity) implied water's suitability for irrigation. However, electrical conductivity indicated otherwise. Industrial WQIs (Larson-Skold Index, Langelier Index, Aggressive Index, and Puckorius Scaling Index) illustrated scaling propensity and the chloride sulfate mass ratio alluded galvanic corrosion potential. Hierarchical cluster analysis gathered 22 sampling points into two clusters (cluster 1: relatively lower polluted regions; cluster 2: highly polluted regions) for each season based on similarities in water features. Principal component analysis extracted four (79.07% cumulative variance) and six (87.14% cumulative variance) principal components before and after the monsoons, respectively. These components identified the primary pollution sources as urban sewage and natural lithological processes. WQI maps, created using the inverse distance weighted interpolation technique, enhanced the visualization of spatial-temporal variations. This study highlights the dire consequences of urbanization, STP pollution, and sewage management failures, necessitating that concerned authorities should implement policies and measures to curb the negative impacts on the environment and public health.
Topics: India; Water Quality; Environmental Monitoring; Lakes; Geographic Information Systems; Data Mining; Water Pollutants, Chemical
PubMed: 38753236
DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33670-7 -
Plants (Basel, Switzerland) May 2024The current investigation aims to underline the impact of salicylic acid or calcium chloride seed pre-treatments on mineral status and oxidative stress markers, namely...
Salicylic Acid and Calcium Chloride Seed Priming: A Prominent Frontier in Inducing Mineral Nutrition Balance and Antioxidant System Capacity to Enhance the Tolerance of Barley Plants to Salinity.
The current investigation aims to underline the impact of salicylic acid or calcium chloride seed pre-treatments on mineral status and oxidative stress markers, namely levels of electrolyte leakage (EL) and lipid peroxidation levels, measured as thiobarbituric reactive substances (TBARS), and the activity of some antioxidant enzymes in roots and leaves of plants in two barley species grown under various salt treatments. Overall, our results revealed that salinity inhibits essential nutrient absorption such as iron, calcium, magnesium and potassium and stimulates the absorption of sodium. Also, this environmental constraint induced oxidative stress in plants in comparison with the control conditions. This state of oxidative stress is reflected by an increase in TBARS content as well as the stimulation of EL values. In addition, salinity induced disturbances in the activity of antioxidant enzymes, which were mainly dependent on the applied salt concentration and the species. In addition, maintained high antioxidant enzyme activity and low levels of oxidative stress parameters, which reinforces its salt-tolerant character. Importantly, salicylic acid or calcium chloride seed priming alleviated the mineral imbalance and the oxidative damage induced by salinity. Moreover, seed priming improves iron, calcium magnesium and potassium content and limitsthe accumulation of sodium. Also, both treatments not only decrease TBARS levels and limit EL, but they also stimulate the antioxidant enzyme activities in the leaves and roots of the stressed plants as compared with stressed plants grown from non-primed seeds. Interestingly, the beneficial effects of the mentioned treatments were more notable on species.
PubMed: 38732483
DOI: 10.3390/plants13091268 -
International Journal of Molecular... May 2024The skin wound healing process consists of hemostatic, inflammatory, proliferative, and maturation phases, with a complex cellular response by multiple cell types in the...
The skin wound healing process consists of hemostatic, inflammatory, proliferative, and maturation phases, with a complex cellular response by multiple cell types in the epidermis, dermis, and immune system. Magnesium is a mineral essential for life, and although magnesium treatment promotes cutaneous wound healing, the molecular mechanism and timing of action of the healing process are unknown. This study, using human epidermal-derived HaCaT cells and human normal epidermal keratinocyte cells, was performed to investigate the mechanism involved in the effect of magnesium on wound healing. The expression levels of epidermal differentiation-promoting factors were reduced by MgCl, suggesting an inhibitory effect on epidermal differentiation in the remodeling stage of the late wound healing process. On the other hand, MgCl treatment increased the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-7 (MMP7), a cell migration-promoting factor, and enhanced cell migration via the MEK/ERK pathway activation. The enhancement of cell migration by MgCl was inhibited by MMP7 knockdown, suggesting that MgCl enhances cell migration which is mediated by increased MMP7 expression. Our results revealed that MgCl inhibits epidermal differentiation but promotes cell migration, suggesting that applying magnesium to the early wound healing process could be beneficial.
Topics: Wound Healing; Humans; Cell Movement; Keratinocytes; Cell Differentiation; Magnesium; Matrix Metalloproteinase 7; Skin; MAP Kinase Signaling System; Cell Line; Epidermis; Magnesium Chloride
PubMed: 38732212
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094994 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Apr 2024It is a valid path to realize the zero discharge of coal chemical wastewater by using the fractional crystallization method to recycle the miscellaneous salt in...
Influence of Organic Impurities on Fractional Crystallization of NaCl and NaSO from High-Salinity Coal Chemical Wastewater: Thermodynamics and Nucleation Kinetics Analysis.
It is a valid path to realize the zero discharge of coal chemical wastewater by using the fractional crystallization method to recycle the miscellaneous salt in high-salinity wastewater. In this study, the thermodynamics and nucleation kinetics of sodium chloride (NaCl) and sodium sulfate (NaSO) crystallization in coal chemical wastewater were systematically studied. Through analyses of solubility, metastable zone width, and induction period, it was found that the impurity dimethoxymethane would increase the solid-liquid interface energy and critical crystal size during the nucleation of NaSO. Ternary phase diagrams of the pseudo-ternary NaSO-NaCl-HO systems in simulated wastewater were plotted in the temperature range of 303.15 to 333.15 K, indicating that a co-ionization effect existed between NaCl and NaSO, and NaCl had a strong salting out effect on NaSO. Finally, the nucleation rate and growth rate of NaSO crystals under simulated wastewater conditions were determined by the intermittent dynamic method, and the crystallization kinetic models of NaSO were established. The crystallization nucleation of NaSO crystals was found to be secondary nucleation controlled by surface reactions. The basic theoretical research of crystallization in this study is expected to fundamentally promote the application of fractional crystallization to realize the resource utilization of high-salinity wastewater in the coal chemical industry.
PubMed: 38731419
DOI: 10.3390/molecules29091928 -
The Science of the Total Environment Jul 2024Excessive application of mineral fertilizers has accelerated soil acidification in China, affecting crop production when the pH drops below a critical value. However,...
Excessive application of mineral fertilizers has accelerated soil acidification in China, affecting crop production when the pH drops below a critical value. However, the contributions of natural soil acidification, induced by leaching of bicarbonate, and anthropogenic causes of soil acidification, induced by nitrogen (N) transformations and removal of base cations over acid anions, are not well quantified. In this study, we quantified soil acidification rates, in equivalents (eq) of acidity, by assessing the inputs and outputs of all major cations and anions, including calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, ammonium, nitrate, bicarbonate, sulphate, phosphate and chloride, for 13 long-term experimental sites in southern China. The acidification rates strongly varied among fertilizer treatments and with the addition of animal manure. Bicarbonate leaching was the dominant acid production process in calcareous soils (23 keq ha yr) and in non-calcareous paddy soils (9.6 keq ha yr), accounting for 80 % and 68 % of the total acid production rate, respectively. The calcareous soils were strongly buffered, and acidification led no or a limited decline in pH. In contrast, N transformations were the most important driver for soil acidification at one site with upland crops on a non-calcareous soil, accounting for 72 % of total acid production rate of 8.4 keq ha yr. In this soil, the soil pH considerably decreased being accompanied by a substantial decline in exchangeable base cation. Reducing the N surplus decreased the acidification rate with 10 to 54 eq per kg N surplus with the lowest value occurring in paddy soils and the highest in the upland soil. The use of manure, containing base cations, partly mitigated the acidifying impact of N fertilizer inputs and crop removal, but enhanced phosphorus (P) accumulation. Combining mineral fertilizer, manure and lime in integrative management strategies can mitigate soil acidification and minimize N and P losses.
PubMed: 38729375
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172986 -
Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences :... May 2024Trimeric G proteins transduce signals from a superfamily of receptors and each G protein controls a wide range of cellular and systemic functions. Their highly conserved...
Trimeric G proteins transduce signals from a superfamily of receptors and each G protein controls a wide range of cellular and systemic functions. Their highly conserved alpha subunits fall in five classes, four of which have been well investigated (Gs, Gi, G12, Gq). In contrast, the function of the fifth class, Gv is completely unknown, despite its broad occurrence and evolutionary ancient origin (older than metazoans). Here we show a dynamic presence of Gv mRNA in several organs during early development of zebrafish, including the hatching gland, the pronephros and several cartilage anlagen, employing in situ hybridisation. Next, we generated a Gv frameshift mutation in zebrafish and observed distinct phenotypes such as reduced oviposition, premature hatching and craniofacial abnormalities in bone and cartilage of larval zebrafish. These phenotypes could suggest a disturbance in ionic homeostasis as a common denominator. Indeed, we find reduced levels of calcium, magnesium and potassium in the larvae and changes in expression levels of the sodium potassium pump atp1a1a.5 and the sodium/calcium exchanger ncx1b in larvae and in the adult kidney, a major osmoregulatory organ. Additionally, expression of sodium chloride cotransporter slc12a3 and the anion exchanger slc26a4 is altered in complementary ways in adult kidney. It appears that Gv may modulate ionic homeostasis in zebrafish during development and in adults. Our results constitute the first insight into the function of the fifth class of G alpha proteins.
Topics: Animals; Zebrafish; Homeostasis; Zebrafish Proteins; GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits; Larva; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase; Calcium; Kidney; Magnesium
PubMed: 38727814
DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05228-w