-
Environmental Science and Pollution... Apr 2024To enhance the adsorption performance of municipal sludge biochar on Cd(II), modified sludge biochar was prepared by sodium hydroxide/magnesium chloride (NaOH/MgCl)...
To enhance the adsorption performance of municipal sludge biochar on Cd(II), modified sludge biochar was prepared by sodium hydroxide/magnesium chloride (NaOH/MgCl) graded activation, and the Cd(II) adsorption performance on sludge biochar (BC), NaOH-activated sludge biochar (NBC) and NaOH/MgCl activated sludge biochar (NBC-Mg) was investigated. The results showed that NaOH/MgCl graded activation upgraded the surface structure and enhanced the graphitization of sludge biochar. The adsorption experiments indicated that the adsorption kinetic and adsorption isotherm for Cd(II) were in accordance with the pseudo second-order kinetic and Langmuir model. The adsorption capacity of NBC-Mg (143.49 mg/g) for Cd(II) was higher than that of BC (50.40 mg/g) and NBC (85.20 mg/g). The mechanism of Cd(II) adsorption included ion exchange, complexation, cation-π interaction, and mineral precipitation. After five regeneration, the removal efficiency of Cd(II) by NBC-Mg remained above 90%. This work indicated that sludge biochar prepared by multistage activation could be an effective material for Cd-containing wastewater treatment.
Topics: Adsorption; Cadmium; Charcoal; Sewage; Magnesium Chloride; Sodium Hydroxide; Kinetics; Water Pollutants, Chemical
PubMed: 38536573
DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32972-0 -
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces Apr 2024Passivation of the magnesium (Mg) anode in the chloride-free electrolytes using commercially available Mg salts is a critical issue for rechargeable Mg batteries....
Passivation of the magnesium (Mg) anode in the chloride-free electrolytes using commercially available Mg salts is a critical issue for rechargeable Mg batteries. Herein, a high donor number cosolvent of 1-methylimidazolium (MeIm) is introduced into Mg(TFSI)- and Mg(HMDS)-based electrolytes to address the passivation problem and realize highly reversible Mg plating/stripping. Theoretical calculations and experimental characterization results reveal that the strong coordination ability of MeIm with Mg can weaken the anion-cation interactions and promote the formation of free anions that have higher reduction stability, thus significantly suppressing anion-derived passivation layer formation. By adding MeIm cosolvent into Mg(TFSI)-based electrolyte, the average Coulombic efficiency of the Mg//Cu cell is increased from less than 20% to over 90%, and the Mg//Mg cell can stably cycle for over 800 h with a low overpotential. In the MeIm-regulated Mg(HMDS)-based electrolyte, the solvation structure change, featured by an effective separation of Mg and HMDS, greatly increases the ionic conductivity by more than 30 times. This solvation structure regulation strategy for noncorrosive electrolytes of commercially available Mg salts has a great potential for application in future rechargeable Mg metal batteries.
PubMed: 38533740
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c01826 -
The Journal of Physical Chemistry. C,... Mar 2024Mg nanoparticles are an emerging plasmonic material due to Mg's abundance and ability to sustain size- and shape-dependent localized surface plasmon resonances across a...
Mg nanoparticles are an emerging plasmonic material due to Mg's abundance and ability to sustain size- and shape-dependent localized surface plasmon resonances across a broad range of wavelengths from the ultraviolet to the near infrared. However, Mg nanoparticles are colloidally unstable due to their tendency to aggregate and sediment. Nanoparticle aggregation can be inhibited by the addition of capping agents that impart surface charges or steric repulsion. Here, we report that the common capping agents poly(vinyl) pyrrolidone (PVP), polyethylene glycol (PEG), cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) interact differently and have varied effects on the aggregation and colloidal stability of Mg nanoparticles. Nanoparticles synthesized in the presence of PVP showed improvements in colloidal stability and reduced aggregation, as observed by electron microscopy and optical spectroscopy. The binding of PVP was confirmed through infrared and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The influence of PVP on the reduction of di--butyl magnesium was evaluated through analysis of particle size distribution and Mg yield as a function of reaction time, reducing agent, and temperature. Furthermore, the presence of PVP drastically changes the growth pattern of metallic Mg structures obtained from the reduction of the Grignard reagents butylmagnesium chloride and phenylmagnesium chloride by lithium naphthalenide: large polycrystalline aggregates and well-separated faceted nanoparticles grow without and with PVP, respectively. This study provides new synthetic routes that generate colloidally stable and well-dispersed Mg nanoparticles for plasmonic and other applications.
PubMed: 38533241
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.4c00366 -
Journal of Agricultural and Food... Apr 2024This study compared the three most common types of tofu (soybean curd), which were prepared by using magnesium chloride (MgCl tofu), calcium sulfate (CaSO tofu), and...
This study compared the three most common types of tofu (soybean curd), which were prepared by using magnesium chloride (MgCl tofu), calcium sulfate (CaSO tofu), and glucono-δ-lactone (GDL tofu) coagulants. The results showed that GDL tofu had a higher water holding capacity than MgCl tofu and CaSO tofu, which was attributed to its high surface hydrophobicity and disulfide bond content. GDL tofu possessed the lowest firmness, gumminess, and chewiness, along with a uniform network structure and a thin protein matrix. In contrast, MgCl tofu exhibited an inhomogeneous network structure with a thick protein matrix. Combining the results of protein hydrolysis degree, SDS-PAGE, and free amino acids during digestion, it was indicated that the degree of protein digestion in GDL tofu was the highest. After intestinal digestion, GDL tofu had the highest total phenolic content, ferric reducing antioxidant power, and DPPH value. These results demonstrated the superior protein digestibility and antioxidant property of GDL tofu during digestion due to its structural characteristics that facilitate enzyme diffusion in the matrix. The findings offer insight into the protein digestibility and antioxidant properties of different types of tofu during digestion from structural characteristic perspective and valuable reference information for consumer dietary nutrition.
Topics: Glycine max; Soybean Proteins; Antioxidants; Soy Foods; Digestion
PubMed: 38527851
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c06980 -
RSC Advances Mar 2024In magnesium-sulfur batteries, electrolyte exploration is vital for developing high-energy-density, safe, and reliable batteries. This study focused on cyclic THF and...
In magnesium-sulfur batteries, electrolyte exploration is vital for developing high-energy-density, safe, and reliable batteries. This study focused on cyclic THF and chain DME, representative solvents in ether electrolytes. MgCl, an ideal anionic salt, forms mono-nuclear (MgCl(DME)), bi-nuclear ([Mg(μ-Cl)(DME)]), and tri-nuclear ([Mg(μ-Cl)(DME)]) complexes in DME. With increasing salt concentration, these complexes sequentially form. Under lower salt concentrations, THF and MgCl form mono-nuclear complexes ([MgCl(THF)]) and continue to form bi-nuclear complexes ([Mg(μ-Cl)(THF)]). However, at higher salt concentrations, bi-nuclear complexes ([Mg(μ-Cl)(THF)]) directly form in THF. Comparing HOMO-LUMO values, [Mg(DME)] is easily oxidized. Energy gaps decrease with Cl ion addition, enhancing solution conductivity. Ratios of Mg and Cl in S-reduction complexes differ, suggesting DME is better at a low Mg/Cl ratio, and THF at a high Mg/Cl ratio. This study contributes to understanding complexes and enhancing Mg-S battery performance.
PubMed: 38525063
DOI: 10.1039/d4ra00950a -
Chemosphere Apr 2024In Japan, the concentration of fluoride (F) leached from rocks, such as tuff breccia, excavated in tunnel construction projects often exceeds the Japanese environmental...
In Japan, the concentration of fluoride (F) leached from rocks, such as tuff breccia, excavated in tunnel construction projects often exceeds the Japanese environmental standard of 0.8 mg/L. Because of this, proper disposal methods are necessary for managing F-bearing excavated rocks. One effective solution based on circular economy is the use of an adsorption layer system. This system can simultaneously prevent the migration of F released from excavated rocks and allow the recycling of this construction waste material. To determine the most suitable material for the disposal of excavated F-bearing tuff breccia from a tunnel construction in Hokkaido, Japan, four types of natural geological materials (S-1, S-2, S-3, and S-4) obtained near the tunnel construction site, as well as three types of commercial adsorbents (calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and CaMg adsorbents) were selected for evaluation. The batch adsorption test results showed that S-1 and S-4 had high adsorption capacities for F, and the adsorption process followed the Langmuir isotherm. The adsorption of F to the natural adsorbents was strongly influenced by the pH and the presence of bicarbonate ions (HCO), but unaffected by chloride (Cl) and sulfate (SO). There was also a strong positive correlation between the abundance of amorphous aluminum (Al) and iron (Fe) extracted and the adsorption of F, indicating the importance of ion exchange reactions associated with surface OH in immobilizing F. Meanwhile, the Mg-bearing adsorbent exhibited the highest adsorption affinity for F among the commercial adsorbents. This was attributed to adsorption through electrostatic interactions and coprecipitation with magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)) formed during the hydration of magnesium oxide (MgO). To effectively incorporate these adsorbents into the adsorption layer system, parameters such as permeability and residence time need to be determined in order to maximize the retention of F through adsorption, ion exchange and coprecipitation reactions.
Topics: Fluorides; Water Purification; Magnesium Oxide; Aluminum; Magnesium; Adsorption; Kinetics; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
PubMed: 38499075
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141735 -
Plants (Basel, Switzerland) Feb 2024(1) Background: This study provides novel insights into the elemental content and biomineralization processes of two halophytic species of the genus Moq. ( and ). (2)...
(1) Background: This study provides novel insights into the elemental content and biomineralization processes of two halophytic species of the genus Moq. ( and ). (2) Methods: Elemental content was analyzed using ICP-MS, while biominerals were detected through electron microscopy (SEM and TEM) and X-ray diffraction. (3) Results: The elemental content showed significant concentrations of macronutrients (sodium, potassium, magnesium, and calcium) and micronutrients, especially iron. Iron was consistently found as ferritin in chloroplasts. Notably, populations from the Center of the Iberian Peninsula exhibited exceptionally high magnesium content, with values that exceeded 40,000 mg/kg d.w. Succulent stems showed elemental content consistent with the minerals identified through X-ray diffraction analysis (halite, sylvite, natroxalate, and glushinskite). Seed analysis revealed elevated levels of macro- and micronutrients and the absence of heavy metals. Additionally, the presence of reduced sodium chloride crystals in the seed edges suggested a mechanism to mitigate potential sodium toxicity. (4) Conclusions: These findings highlight the potential of species as emerging edible halophytes with nutritional properties, particularly in Western European Mediterranean territories and North Africa. They offer promising prospects for biosaline agriculture and biotechnology applications.
PubMed: 38498449
DOI: 10.3390/plants13040496 -
Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in... May 2024Magnesium (Mg) batteries hold promise as a large-scale energy storage solution, but their progress has been hindered by the lack of high-performance cathodes. Here, we...
Magnesium (Mg) batteries hold promise as a large-scale energy storage solution, but their progress has been hindered by the lack of high-performance cathodes. Here, we address this challenge by unlocking the reversible four-electron Te/Te conversion in elemental Te, enabling the demonstration of superior Mg//Te dual-ion batteries. Specifically, the classic magnesium aluminum chloride complex (MACC) electrolyte is tailored by introducing Mg bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (Mg(TFSI)), which initiates the Te/Te conversion with two distinct charge-storage steps. Te cathode undergoes Te/TeCl conversion involving Cl as charge carriers, during which a tellurium subchloride phase is presented as an intermediate. Significantly, the Te cathode achieves a high specific capacity of 543 mAh g and an outstanding energy density of 850 Wh kg , outperforming most of the previously reported cathodes. Our electrolyte analysis indicates that the addition of Mg(TFSI) reduces the overall ion-molecule interaction and mitigates the strength of ion-solvent aggregation within the MACC electrolyte, which implies the facilized Cl dissociation from the electrolyte. Besides, Mg(TFSI) is verified as an essential buffer to mitigate the corrosion and passivation of Mg anodes caused by the consumption of the electrolyte MgCl in Mg//Te dual-ion cells. These findings provide crucial insights into the development of advanced Mg-based dual-ion batteries.
PubMed: 38465851
DOI: 10.1002/anie.202401818 -
Journal of Environmental Management Mar 2024Raw liquid anaerobic digestate was synthesised into nutrient-dense solid digestates via acidification and evaporation. Acidification retained ammonium in the digestate...
Raw liquid anaerobic digestate was synthesised into nutrient-dense solid digestates via acidification and evaporation. Acidification retained ammonium in the digestate whilst also donating the anion to free ammonium to form an ammonium salt. Digestate was treated with the addition of sulphuric, nitric, and phosphoric acid resulting in the formation of ammonium sulphate, ammonium nitrate and ammonium phosphate, respectively then evaporated into a solid fertiliser product. FTIR, XRD and SEM-EDS collectively confirm that the addition of acids completely converted the free ammonium in the raw digestate into their respective ammonium salt counterparts. Compounds of potassium chloride, silicon dioxide, calcium carbonate, magnesium ammonium phosphate, sodium nitrate, and sodium chloride were identified in all solid digestate samples. Plant growth and grain yield was higher in urea ammonium nitrate, raw liquid digestate and acidified digestate products compared to control and unacidified solid digestate. Urea ammonium nitrate and ammonium nitrate solid digestate had the highest dry shoot, likely due to the high available nitrogen found in both fertilisers. Overall, acidification and evaporation of liquid digestate can efficiently transform it into a valuable solid fertiliser with a high nutrient density. This process not only has the potential to mitigate handling and storage constraints of low nutrient density digestate in anaerobic digestion facilities but also offers a sustainable alternative to conventional fertilisers.
Topics: Waste Products; Food; Fertilizers; Food Loss and Waste; Anaerobiosis; Refuse Disposal; Nitrogen; Ammonium Compounds; Urea; Nitrates
PubMed: 38461637
DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120565 -
Zhonghua Yi Xue Yi Chuan Xue Za Zhi =... Mar 2024To explore the genetic etiology of two patients with Gitelman syndrome (GS).
OBJECTIVE
To explore the genetic etiology of two patients with Gitelman syndrome (GS).
METHODS
Two patients who had presented at the Linyi People's Hospital in January and June 2022 respectively were selected as the study subjects. Peripheral blood samples of them were collected and subjected to whole exome sequencing (WES). Electrolyte levels in their serum and urine were detected. Candidate variants were verified by Sanger sequencing. PyMOL software was used to predict the impact of the variants on the protein structure.
RESULTS
Patient 1 was a 27-year-old female with decreased serum levels of sodium, potassium, chloride and magnesium, along with decreased urine chloride and calcium. WES revealed that she has harbored compound heterozygous variants of the SLC12A3 gene, namely c.1456G>A (p.D486N) and c.179C>T (p.T60M). The former was inherited from her mother and known to be pathogenic. Patient 2 was a 4-year-old male with lower serum sodium, chloride and magnesium levels, and his serum potassium level was found to be critically low. He was found to harbor compound heterozygous variants of c.602-16G>A and c.805_806insTTGGCGTGGTCTCGGTCA (p.V268_T269insIGVVSV) of the SLC12A3 gene, which were inherited from his mother and father, respectively. Based on the guidelines from the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics, both variants were predicted to be pathogenic (PVS1+PM2_Supporting+PP3; PVS1+PM2_Supporting+PM4).
CONCLUSION
The above heterozygous variants of the SLC12A3 gene probably underlay the GS in these patients.
Topics: Humans; Female; Male; Adult; Child, Preschool; Gitelman Syndrome; Chlorides; Magnesium; Potassium; Sodium; Solute Carrier Family 12, Member 3
PubMed: 38448024
DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn511374-20221111-00783