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Journal of Oral Biosciences Jun 2024Odontogenic tumors arise in the jawbone and originate from cells associated with tooth development. Therefore, understanding odontogenic tumors requires knowledge of all... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Odontogenic tumors arise in the jawbone and originate from cells associated with tooth development. Therefore, understanding odontogenic tumors requires knowledge of all aspects of dental research, including tooth development and eruption. Ameloblastoma is the most common odontogenic tumor.
HIGHLIGHT
Although a benign tumor, ameloblastoma progresses with marked jawbone resorption. Because of its locally aggressive features, it can be treated surgically by resecting the surrounding bone. From a molecular pathology perspective, several genetic mutations and dysregulated signaling pathways involved in ameloblastoma tumorigenesis have been identified. Histopathologically, ameloblastomas consist of peripheral ameloblast-like cells and an inner stellate reticulum. The stromal region consists of fibrovascular connective tissue, showing a characteristic sparse myxoid histology. In general, the tumor microenvironment, including the surrounding non-tumor cells, contributes to tumorigenesis and progression. In this review, we focus on the tumor microenvironment of ameloblastomas. In addition, we present some of our recent studies on osteoclastogenesis, tubulin acetylation-induced cell migration, and hypoxia-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in ameloblastomas.
CONCLUSION
Further research on ameloblastomas can lead to the development of new treatments and improve patients' quality of life.
Topics: Ameloblastoma; Humans; Tumor Microenvironment; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; Cell Movement; Jaw Neoplasms; Osteogenesis; Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition; Osteoclasts
PubMed: 38734178
DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2024.05.002 -
Head and Neck Pathology May 2024Odontogenic lesions constitute a heterogeneous group of lesions. CLIC4 protein regulates different cellular processes, including epithelial-mesenchymal transition and...
BACKGROUND
Odontogenic lesions constitute a heterogeneous group of lesions. CLIC4 protein regulates different cellular processes, including epithelial-mesenchymal transition and fibroblast-myofibroblast transdifferentiation. This study analyzed CLIC4, E-cadherin, Vimentin, and α-SMA immunoexpression in epithelial odontogenic lesions that exhibit different biological behavior.
METHODS
It analyzed the immunoexpression of CLIC4, E-cadherin, and Vimentin in the epithelial cells, as well as CLIC4 and α-SMA in the mesenchymal cells, of ameloblastoma (AM) (n = 16), odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) (n = 20), and adenomatoid odontogenic tumor (AOT) (n = 8). Immunoexpressions were categorized as score 0 (0% positive cells), 1 (< 25%), 2 (≥ 25% - < 50%), 3 (≥ 50% - < 75%), or 4 (≥ 75%).
RESULTS
Cytoplasmic CLIC4 immunoexpression was higher in AM and AOT (p < 0.001) epithelial cells. Nuclear-cytoplasmic CLIC4 was higher in OKC's epithelial lining (p < 0.001). Membrane (p = 0.012) and membrane-cytoplasmic (p < 0.001) E-cadherin immunoexpression were higher in OKC, while cytoplasmic E-cadherin expression was higher in AM and AOT (p < 0.001). Vimentin immunoexpression was higher in AM and AOT (p < 0.001). Stromal CLIC4 was higher in AM and OKC (p = 0.008). Similarly, α-SMA immunoexpression was higher in AM and OKC (p = 0.037). Correlations in these proteins' immunoexpression were observed in AM and OKC (p < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
CLIC4 seems to regulate the epithelial-mesenchymal transition, modifying E-cadherin and Vimentin expression. In mesenchymal cells, CLIC4 may play a role in fibroblast-myofibroblast transdifferentiation. CLIC4 may be associated with epithelial odontogenic lesions with aggressive biological behavior.
Topics: Humans; Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition; Chloride Channels; Cadherins; Odontogenic Tumors; Ameloblastoma; Vimentin; Adult; Female; Odontogenic Cysts; Male; Actins; Young Adult; Middle Aged; Antigens, CD; Adolescent
PubMed: 38727794
DOI: 10.1007/s12105-024-01646-1 -
Journal of Stomatology, Oral and... May 2024This study aimed to assess the diagnostic performance of a machine learning approach that utilized radiomic features extracted from Cone Beam Computer Tomography (CBCT)...
This study aimed to assess the diagnostic performance of a machine learning approach that utilized radiomic features extracted from Cone Beam Computer Tomography (CBCT) images and inflammatory biomarkers for distinguishing between Dentigerous Cysts (DCs), Odontogenic Keratocysts (OKCs), and Unicystic Ameloblastomas (UAs). This retrospective study involves 103 patients who underwent jaw lesion surgery in the Maxillofacial Surgery Unit of Federico II University Of Naples between January 2018 and January 2023. Nonparametric Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney and Kruskal Wallis tests were used for continuous variables. Linear and non-logistic regression models (LRM and NLRM) were employed, along with machine learning techniques such as decision tree (DT), k-nearest neighbor (KNN), and support vector machine (SVM), to predict the outcomes. When individual inflammatory biomarkers were considered alone, their ability to differentiate between OKCs, UAs, and DCs was below 50 % accuracy. However, a linear regression model combining four inflammatory biomarkers achieved an accuracy of 95 % and an AUC of 0.96. The accuracy of single radiomics predictors was lower than that of inflammatory biomarkers, with an AUC of 0.83. The Fine Tree model, utilizing NLR, SII, and one radiomic feature, achieved an accuracy of 94.3 % (AUC = 0.95) on the training and testing sets, and a validation set accuracy of 100 %. The Fine Tree model demonstrated the capability to discriminate between OKCs, UAs, and DCs. However, the LRM utilizing four inflammatory biomarkers proved to be the most effective algorithm for distinguishing between OKCs, UAs, and DCs.
PubMed: 38719192
DOI: 10.1016/j.jormas.2024.101912 -
World Journal of Radiology Apr 2024Currently, the differentiation of jaw tumors is mainly based on the lesion's morphology rather than the enhancement characteristics, which are important in the...
BACKGROUND
Currently, the differentiation of jaw tumors is mainly based on the lesion's morphology rather than the enhancement characteristics, which are important in the differentiation of neoplasms across the body. There is a paucity of literature on the enhancement characteristics of jaw tumors. This is mainly because, even though computed tomography (CT) is used to evaluate these lesions, they are often imaged without intravenous contrast. This study hypothesised that the enhancement characteristics of the solid component of jaw tumors can aid in the differentiation of these lesions in addition to their morphology by dual-energy CT, therefore improving the ability to differentiate between various pathologies.
AIM
To evaluate the role of contrast enhancement and dual-energy quantitative parameters in CT in the differentiation of jaw tumors.
METHODS
Fifty-seven patients with jaw tumors underwent contrast-enhanced dual-energy CT. Morphological analysis of the tumor, including the enhancing solid component, was done, followed by quantitative analysis of iodine concentration (IC), water concentration (WC), HU, and normalized IC. The study population was divided into four subgroups based on histopathological analysis-central giant cell granuloma (CGCG), ameloblastoma, odontogenic keratocyst (OKC), and other jaw tumors. A one-way ANOVA test for parametric variables and the Kruskal-Wallis test for non-parametric variables were used. If significant differences were found, a series of independent -tests or Mann-Whitney tests were used.
RESULTS
Ameloblastoma was the most common pathology ( = 20), followed by CGCG ( = 11) and OKC. CGCG showed a higher mean concentration of all quantitative parameters than ameloblastomas ( < 0.05). An IC threshold of 31.35 × 100 μg/cm had the maximum sensitivity (81.8%) and specificity (65%). Between ameloblastomas and OKC, the former showed a higher mean concentration of all quantitative parameters ( < 0.001), however when comparing unilocular ameloblastomas with OKCs, the latter showed significantly higher WC. Also, ameloblastoma had a higher IC and lower WC compared to "other jaw tumors" group.
CONCLUSION
Enhancement characteristics of solid components combined with dual-energy parameters offer a more precise way to differentiate between jaw tumors.
PubMed: 38690548
DOI: 10.4329/wjr.v16.i4.82 -
Pathology, Research and Practice May 2024Adenomatoid Odontogenic Tumor (AOT) accounts for 3% of all odontogenic tumors. It has been classified by WHO as an odontogenic tumor of purely epithelial origin. The...
BACKGROUND
Adenomatoid Odontogenic Tumor (AOT) accounts for 3% of all odontogenic tumors. It has been classified by WHO as an odontogenic tumor of purely epithelial origin. The current study attempts to establish the origin of the tumor along with detailed histopathological and clinicoradiographic analysis of 43 cases of AOT.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Forty-three cases were reviewed from the departmental archives for demographic data, radiographic features and histological features. Further, histopathological slides were stained with Picrosirius Red (PSR) and observed under polarised light.
RESULTS
A majority of the cases were seen in the anterior jaws (76.7%), and were less than 3 cms (76.7%) in greatest dimension. Equal number of cases were of follicular and extra-follicular location while one was peripheral. Predominantly solid histological pattern was noted in 53.5%. Varied sub-patterns were observed with most cases exhibiting solid nodules and strands of tumor cells. Few cases showed melanin pigmentation. Over a third of cases (37.2%) showed dentigerous cyst like areas and one case each showed features of ossifying fibroma and focal cemento-osseous dysplasia. Tumor droplets, hyaline rings within duct-like structures, dentinoid material and osteodentin showed reddish yellow birefringence when observed under polarised microscopy post PSR staining.
CONCLUSION
This study highlights the diverse histopathological variation of AOT with evidence to reclassify it as a mixed odontogenic tumor based on the polarising microscopic findings with PSR staining.
Topics: Humans; Female; Male; Adult; Middle Aged; Adolescent; Young Adult; Child; Ameloblastoma; Odontogenic Tumors; Jaw Neoplasms; Aged
PubMed: 38688202
DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155322 -
International Journal of Oral and... Apr 2024The purpose of this multicentre study was to evaluate the efficacy of the 'dredging-marsupialization-curettage' (D-M-C) strategy in the treatment of conventional...
The purpose of this multicentre study was to evaluate the efficacy of the 'dredging-marsupialization-curettage' (D-M-C) strategy in the treatment of conventional intraosseous ameloblastoma of the mandible. A total of 31 patients from three institutions, who had a pathological diagnosis of conventional ameloblastoma of the mandible, were treated with the D-M-C strategy. The surgical protocol comprised a dredging and marsupialization (D-M) step, with additional D-M steps as required. The patients then underwent curettage (C) once an obvious effect of the D-M step had been achieved during follow-up. Eight patients were followed up for ≥36 months but <60 months, while 23 were followed up for ≥60 months. Nineteen of the 23 patients followed up for ≥60 months were disease-free at the last follow-up, with no evidence of recurrence. The D-M step is effective for reducing the tumour size and preserving vital structures. The D-M-C surgical strategy may be a feasible treatment option for conventional ameloblastoma of the mandible.
PubMed: 38670888
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2024.03.014 -
Journal of Oral Pathology & Medicine :... May 2024Ameloblastoma (AM) is a benign, although aggressive, epithelial odontogenic tumour originating from tooth-forming tissues or remnants. Its aetiopathogenesis remains... (Review)
Review
Ameloblastoma (AM) is a benign, although aggressive, epithelial odontogenic tumour originating from tooth-forming tissues or remnants. Its aetiopathogenesis remains unclear; however, molecular analysis techniques have allowed researchers to progress in understanding its genetic basis. The high frequency of BRAF p.V600E as a main driver mutation in AM is well established; nevertheless, it is insufficient to explain its tumourigenesis. In this review, we aimed to integrate the current knowledge about the biology of AM and to describe the main genetic alterations reported, focusing on the findings of large-scale sequencing and gene expression profiling techniques. Current evidence shows that besides BRAF mutation and activation of the MAPK pathway, alterations in Hedgehog and Wnt/β-catenin pathway-related genes are also involved in AM pathogenesis. Recently, a tumour suppressor gene, KMT2D, has been reported as mutated by different research groups. The biological impact of these mutations in the pathogenesis of AM has yet to be elucidated. Further studies are needed to clarify the impact of these findings in the identification of novel biomarkers that could be useful for diagnosing, classifying, and molecular targeting this neoplasm.
Topics: Ameloblastoma; Humans; Mutation; Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf; Jaw Neoplasms; Wnt Signaling Pathway; Hedgehog Proteins; Gene Expression Profiling
PubMed: 38664938
DOI: 10.1111/jop.13538 -
Frontiers in Veterinary Science 2024Ameloblastoma in dogs most often has a highly conserved acanthomatous cell morphology and is recognized as canine acanthomatous ameloblastoma (CAA) while conventional...
Ameloblastoma in dogs most often has a highly conserved acanthomatous cell morphology and is recognized as canine acanthomatous ameloblastoma (CAA) while conventional ameloblastoma (CA) makes up a smaller yet morphologically diverse group of epithelial odontogenic tumors. In humans, a rare desmoplastic histological subtype has distinctive clinical, radiological, and microscopic features. Desmoplastic ameloblastoma (DA) has not previously been described in dogs, although it has been rarely referenced in the veterinary literature. This is the first thorough description of a case series of DA in dogs and describes clinical presentation, diagnostic imaging findings, histopathological features for diagnosis, and treatment outcome. Clinically, DA most often presents as a mass or swelling in the rostral mandible or maxilla of middle age to older dogs. On diagnostic imaging, the lesion has a radiolucent or mixed pattern with well-defined borders and variable loculation. As a solid, fibrous tumor with obscured odontogenic epithelium, DA is challenging to diagnose histologically and can mimic several other oral tumors, both benign and malignant. As an ameloblastoma, the biological behavior of DA is locally destructive yet benign and prognosis is favorable following surgical excision.
PubMed: 38638641
DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1362237 -
Dento Maxillo Facial Radiology Jun 2024Preoperative diagnosis of oral ameloblastoma (AME) and odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) has been a challenge in dentistry. This study uses radiomics approaches and machine...
OBJECTIVES
Preoperative diagnosis of oral ameloblastoma (AME) and odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) has been a challenge in dentistry. This study uses radiomics approaches and machine learning (ML) algorithms to characterize cone-beam CT (CBCT) image features for the preoperative differential diagnosis of AME and OKC and compares ML algorithms to expert radiologists to validate performance.
METHODS
We retrospectively collected the data of 326 patients with AME and OKC, where all diagnoses were confirmed by histopathologic tests. A total of 348 features were selected to train six ML models for differential diagnosis by a 5-fold cross-validation. We then compared the performance of ML-based diagnoses to those of radiologists.
RESULTS
Among the six ML models, XGBoost was effective in distinguishing AME and OKC in CBCT images, with its classification performance outperforming the other models. The mean precision, recall, accuracy, F1-score, and area under the curve (AUC) were 0.900, 0.807, 0.843, 0.841, and 0.872, respectively. Compared to the diagnostics by radiologists, ML-based radiomic diagnostics performed better.
CONCLUSIONS
Radiomic-based ML algorithms allow CBCT images of AME and OKC to be distinguished accurately, facilitating the preoperative differential diagnosis of AME and OKC.
ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE
ML and radiomic approaches with high-resolution CBCT images provide new insights into the differential diagnosis of AME and OKC.
Topics: Humans; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography; Machine Learning; Ameloblastoma; Odontogenic Cysts; Retrospective Studies; Female; Male; Diagnosis, Differential; Adult; Middle Aged; Algorithms; Adolescent; Aged; Jaw Neoplasms; Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; Radiomics
PubMed: 38627247
DOI: 10.1093/dmfr/twae016 -
Medicina Oral, Patologia Oral Y Cirugia... Jul 2024Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is the leading cause of death among systemic mycoses in Brazil. On the other hand, oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most prevalent... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is the leading cause of death among systemic mycoses in Brazil. On the other hand, oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most prevalent malignant neoplasm of the mouth. Both lesions rarely affect the tongue dorsum and may share similar clinical characteristics. This study aimed to retrieve cases of single oral ulcers diagnosed as PCM or OSCC.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
A cross-sectional retrospective study was conducted. All patients who had a single ulcer on dorsum of the tongue and confirmed diagnosis of PCM or OSCC were evaluated.
RESULTS
A total of 9 patients (5 women and 4 men) were evaluated, 5 patients had OSCCs (mean age = 69,8 years old), and 4 patients PCM (mean age = 51 years old). Most of the lesions were infiltrated and indurated in the palpation exam. Duration ranged from 1 to 12 months (mean time of 5.2 months and 4.7 months for OSCC and PCM, respectively). OSCC was the main clinical diagnosis hypothesis.
CONCLUSIONS
Although uncommon, PCM and OSCC should be considered as a differential diagnosis hypothesis in infiltrated ulcers on the tongue dorsum. Incisional biopsy is mandatory to confirm the diagnosis and indicate the appropriate treatment.
Topics: Humans; Cross-Sectional Studies; Retrospective Studies; Male; Female; Middle Aged; Aged; Ameloblastoma; Adult; Latin America; Aged, 80 and over; Paracoccidioidomycosis; Tongue Neoplasms
PubMed: 38615253
DOI: 10.4317/medoral.26493