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Cureus May 2024To describe the histopathological pattern of different breast lesions among tissue specimens sent to our laboratory.
OBJECTIVE
To describe the histopathological pattern of different breast lesions among tissue specimens sent to our laboratory.
METHOD
A record-based study using a retrospective review of 255 histologically diagnosed breast biopsy reports in the histopathology department of authors from December 2016 to November 2021 was conducted. The specimens were collected from core biopsy, lumpectomy, and mastectomy. All data obtained were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 28 (IBM SPSS Statistics, Armonk, NY). Then, the findings were presented using text, tables, and charts.
RESULT
A total of 255 breast lesions were analyzed in this study. Most of the cases were benign (58.8%), followed by inflammatory lesions (21.6%), and malignant (19.6%). Fibroadenoma was the most prevalent benign lesion (36.7%), and most of the patients (70.9%) were in the age group of 20-39 years old. The most common inflammatory lesion was granulomatous mastitis (56.4%), and most of the cases were diagnosed in the age group of 30-39 years old. Invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) was the most encountered histological type of carcinoma (62%). Of the malignant cases, 52% were diagnosed before the age of 50 years. Among these 50 cases, grade 2 was the most prevalent one (46%).
CONCLUSION
Benign breast lesions are more common than malignant breast lesions, and fibroadenoma is the most common benign subtype. Granulomatous mastitis is the most prevalent inflammatory breast lesion. About two-thirds of malignant cases are non-Arab. Invasive ductal carcinoma with no special type (NST) is the most common malignant subtype.
PubMed: 38883142
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.60408 -
Journal of Inflammation Research 2024Granulomatous mastitis (GLM) is a rare and complex chronic inflammatory disease of the breast with an unknown cause and a tendency to recur. As medical science advances,... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
Granulomatous mastitis (GLM) is a rare and complex chronic inflammatory disease of the breast with an unknown cause and a tendency to recur. As medical science advances, the cause, treatment strategies, and comprehensive management of GLM have increasingly attracted widespread attention. The aim of this study is to assess the development trends and research focal points in the GLM field over the past 24 years using bibliometric analysis.
METHODS
Using GLM, Granulomatous mastitis (GM), Idiopathic granulomatous lobular mastitis (IGLM), and Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis (IGM) as keywords, we retrieved publications related to GLM from 2000 to 2023 from the Web of Science, excluding articles irrelevant to this study. Citespace and VOSviewer were employed for data analysis and visualization.
RESULTS
A total of 347 publications were included in this analysis. Over the past 24 years, the number of publications has steadily increased, with Turkey being the leading contributor in terms of publications and citations. The University of Health Sciences, Istanbul University, and Istanbul University Cerrahpasa were the most influential institutions. The Breast Journal, Breast Care, and Journal of Investigative Surgery were the journals that published the most on this topic. The research primarily focused on the cause, differential diagnosis, treatment, and comprehensive management of GLM. Issues related to recurrence, hyperprolactinemia, and Corynebacterium emerged as current research hotspots.
CONCLUSION
Our bibliometric study outlines the historical development of the GLM field and identifies recent research focuses and trends, which may aid researchers in identifying research hotspots and directions, thereby advancing the study of GLM.
PubMed: 38882188
DOI: 10.2147/JIR.S465844 -
Asian Journal of Surgery Jun 2024
PubMed: 38879361
DOI: 10.1016/j.asjsur.2024.05.256 -
Scientific Reports Jun 2024
PubMed: 38877104
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64764-4 -
Journal of Dairy Science Jun 2024Nutritional strategies that improve an animal's resilience to various challenges may improve animal health and welfare. One such nutrient is niacin which has reduced...
Nutritional strategies that improve an animal's resilience to various challenges may improve animal health and welfare. One such nutrient is niacin which has reduced inflammation in mice, humans, and swine; however, niacin's anti-inflammatory effects have not been investigated in cattle. Our objective was to determine whether rumen-protected niacin (RPN) alters lactating dairy cows' inflammatory response to intramammary lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenges, whether RPN resulted in any carry-over effects, and whether repeated LPS challenges result in signs of immune tolerance or innate immune training. Twenty healthy, late-lactation Holstein cows (232 ± 65 d in milk; 39 ± 5.8 kg/d of milk) were enrolled in a randomized complete block experiment which lasted 70 d. Cows received 26 g/d of RPN or no top-dress (CON) for the first 42 d of the experiment. During the final milking of d 27 and 55, cows were challenged in their rear-right mammary gland (RR) with 100 µg of LPS suspended in 5 mL of phosphate buffered saline. Milk yield, milk conductivity, and feed intake were measured daily. Milk composition was measured on d 14, 23, 24, 30, 37, 45, and 52. Blood samples were collected at 0, 8, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 h after each LPS challenge, whereas RR quarter milk samples were collected at 0, 8, 16, 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, 144, and 168 h after each LPS challenge. Body temperature was measured continuously during each challenge with an intravaginal thermometer. Linear mixed models with repeated measures were used to analyze the results. Before LPS challenge, RPN did not affect feed intake or milk production, but it reduced SCS (1.24 ± 0.41 vs. 0.05 ± 0.45). After challenge, RPN did not affect feed intake, milk production, milk composition, SCS, body temperature, plasma glucose, or plasma insulin concentrations. Our results suggest RPN reduced peak plasma haptoglobin and lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP) during the 1st LPS challenge. Plasma haptoglobin tended to be less after the 2nd challenge for cows previously supplemented RPN while LBP was similar for each treatment group after the 2nd challenge. The 2nd LPS challenge resulted in decreased plasma haptoglobin compared with the 1st LPS challenge, suggestive of tolerance but it also induced a greater peak SCS than the 1st LPS challenge. Our results suggest that repeated LPS challenges promote a systemic tolerance but heightened local response to LPS-induced mastitis. Feeding RPN reduced SCS before challenge and reduced plasma acute phase proteins after challenge suggesting that RPN may reduce systemic inflammation without altering the local inflammatory responses.
PubMed: 38876216
DOI: 10.3168/jds.2024-24974 -
Veterinary Research Communications Jun 2024Mastitis is one of the most serious diseases that threatens the health of dairy animals. The somatic cell count (SCC) in milk is widely used to monitor mastitis. This...
Mastitis is one of the most serious diseases that threatens the health of dairy animals. The somatic cell count (SCC) in milk is widely used to monitor mastitis. This study aimed to reveal the diversity of microorganisms in buffalo milk with high somatic cell count (SCC ≥ 3 × 10 cells/mL, n = 30) and low somatic cell count (SCC ≤ 5 × 10 cells/mL, n = 10), and identify the dominant bacteria that cause mastitis in a local buffalo farm. We also investigated the potential method to treat bacterial mastitis. The V3-V4 region of 16 S rDNA was sequenced. Results showed that, compared to the milk with low SCC, the high SCC samples showed lower microbial diversity, but a high abundance of bacteria and operational taxonomic units (OTUs). By in vitro isolation and culture, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Klebsiella pneumoniae were found to be the leading pathogens, which is consistent with the 16 S rDNA sequencing data. We further isolated 3 of the main pathogens and established a pathogen detection method based on ELISA. In addition, the antibacterial effects of 10 antimicrobials and 15 Chinese herbal extracts were also investigated. Results showed that the microbial has developed tolerance to several of the antimicrobials. While the water extracts of Chinese herbal medicine such as Galla Chinensis, Coptis chinensis Franch, Terminalia chebula Retz, and Sanguisorba officinalis L can effectively inhibit the growth of main pathogens. This study provides novel insight into the microbial diversity in buffalo milk and a reference for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of mastitis.
PubMed: 38874832
DOI: 10.1007/s11259-024-10438-5 -
Frontiers in Medicine 2024The major aim of our meta-analysis was to review the effectiveness of various treatment modalities for achieving successful remission and preventing recurrence for women...
PURPOSE
The major aim of our meta-analysis was to review the effectiveness of various treatment modalities for achieving successful remission and preventing recurrence for women with idiopathic granulomatous mastitis (IGM). This knowledge is instrumental in developing evidence-based guidelines for clinicians to improve management strategies and outcomes for patients with IGM.
METHODS
A systematic literature search was performed on MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase (Elsevier), PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Google Scholar; studies published to 19 January 2022 were included. A meta-analysis of 57 observational studies was performed. The results of two randomized controlled trials were also examined.
RESULTS
There were 3,035 IGM patients across the observational and randomised studies. Overall recurrence and remission rates across all treatment strategies in 59 studies are 87.9% (2,667/3035) and 13.5% (359/2667), respectively. The studies reported 19 different treatment strategies, comprising observation, medical monotherapies, surgery, and combinations involving medical therapies, with and without surgery. Among monotherapy treatment, surgical management had the highest pooled remission rate (0.99 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.97-1.00]); among combination therapy, this was steroids and surgery (0.99 [0.94-1.00]). Antibiotic monotherapy had the lowest remission rate (0.72 [0.37-0.96]). The highest recurrence rates belonged to treatments that combined antibiotics and surgery (0.54 [0.02-1.00]), and antibiotics, steroids, and surgery (0.57 [0.00-1.00]). Most successful for preventing recurrence were observation (0.03 [0.00-0.10]), methotrexate (0.08 [0.00-0.24]), and steroids and surgery (0.05 [0.01-0.12]). There is a significant association between longer follow-up duration and recurrence rate reported, = 0.002.
CONCLUSION
Combination therapies, especially those incorporating antibiotics, steroids, and surgery, have demonstrated higher remission rates, challenging the use of antibiotic monotherapy. There is an increased emphasis on the need for personalised, multi-pronged approach for preventing IGM recurrence, with longer follow-up care. More prospective future work in IGM research, with standardised diagnostic criteria, treatment protocols, and reporting guidelines will be important for developing treatment protocols and guidelines clinicians can adhere to in the clinical management of IGM patients.: PROSPERO (CRD42022301386).
PubMed: 38873201
DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1346790