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Foods (Basel, Switzerland) Feb 2024The influence of polysialic acid (PSA) and sialic acid (SA) on the gut microbial community composition and metabolites in healthy humans was investigated using a bionic...
The influence of polysialic acid (PSA) and sialic acid (SA) on the gut microbial community composition and metabolites in healthy humans was investigated using a bionic gastrointestinal reactor. The results indicated that PSA and SA significantly changed the gut microbiota and metabolites to different degrees. PSA can increase the relative abundances of and , whereas SA can increase those of and . Both can significantly increase the content of short-chain fatty acids. The results of metabolome analysis showed that PSA can upregulate ergosterol peroxide and gallic acid and downregulate the harmful metabolite N-acetylputrescine. SA can upregulate 4-pyridoxic acid and lipoic acid. PSA and SA affect gut microbiota and metabolites in different ways and have positive effects on human health. These results will provide a reference for the further development of PSA- and SA-related functional foods and health products.
PubMed: 38338616
DOI: 10.3390/foods13030481 -
Aging Clinical and Experimental Research Feb 2024Cognitive impairment is widely prevalent in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients, and seriously affects their quality of life. The intestinal flora likely regulates...
BACKGROUND
Cognitive impairment is widely prevalent in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients, and seriously affects their quality of life. The intestinal flora likely regulates cognitive function, but studies on cognitive impairment and intestinal flora in MHD patients are lacking.
METHODS
MHD patients (36) and healthy volunteers (18) were evaluated using the Montreal Cognitive Function Scale, basic clinical data, and 16S ribosome DNA (rDNA) sequencing. Twenty MHD patients and ten healthy volunteers were randomly selected for shotgun metagenomic analysis to explore potential metabolic pathways of intestinal flora. Both16S rDNA sequencing and shotgun metagenomic sequencing were conducted on fecal samples.
RESULTS
Roseburia were significantly reduced in the MHD group based on both 16S rDNA and shotgun metagenomic sequencing analyses. Faecalibacterium, Megamonas, Bifidobacterium, Parabacteroides, Collinsella, Tyzzerella, and Phascolarctobacterium were positively correlated with cognitive function or cognitive domains. Enriched Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways included oxidative phosphorylation, photosynthesis, retrograde endocannabinoid signaling, flagellar assembly, and riboflavin metabolism.
CONCLUSION
Among the microbiota, Roseburia may be important in MHD patients. We demonstrated a correlation between bacterial genera and cognitive function, and propose possible mechanisms.
Topics: Humans; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Metagenome; DNA, Ribosomal; Quality of Life; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Ribosomes; Cognition
PubMed: 38334873
DOI: 10.1007/s40520-023-02645-y -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2024Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a refractory disease worldwide. Liver injury can be found clinically with UC, and now, it is found that gut dysbiosis is an important...
BACKGROUND
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a refractory disease worldwide. Liver injury can be found clinically with UC, and now, it is found that gut dysbiosis is an important mechanism in the pathogenesis of UC. has been used as a traditional Chinese medicine and is commonly used clinically for the treatment of UC. The main objective of this study was to investigate the intrinsic mechanisms of in the treatment of UC and its associated liver injuries from the perspective of intestinal flora and related metabolites.
METHODS
Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to identify the components in the aqueous extract of (AESc). Mice with UC induced by dextran sulfate sodium were used to study the effects of AESc on UC and its associated liver injuries. Furthermore, 16S rRNA gene sequencing and analysis were performed on intestinal contents, and correlation analysis of intestinal flora with short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and organic acids was performed.
RESULTS
A total of 114 compounds were identified in AESc. AESc improved disease activity index scores, liver index, and colon length in mice with UC and had a good protective effect on intestine and liver injuries. Moreover, the administration of AESc regulated gut microbiota dysbiosis and the levels of a few SCFAs and organic acids in mice with UC. In addition, the correlation analysis results showed that the and were the key intestinal flora related to the levels of differential SCFAs and organic acids in mice with UC after AESc intervention.
CONCLUSION
AESc has a good protective effect on UC and UC related liver injuries. Modulation of the intestinal flora and its metabolites (SCFAs and a few organic acids) is an important pathway for AESc in the treatment of UC and also provides a rationale for the clinical use of in the treatment of UC.
PubMed: 38328432
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1295822 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2023Fecal microbiota is essential for host health because it increases digestive effectiveness. The crane species () is considered to be near threatened. The fecal...
Fecal microbiota is essential for host health because it increases digestive effectiveness. The crane species () is considered to be near threatened. The fecal microbial composition of crane is less understood, particularly in the Tibet, China. This study was performed to investigate the differences in fecal microbial composition and diversity of crane in different wintering areas using third-generation single-molecule real-time sequencing technology in the Tibet, China. According to the findings, 20 samples were used to generate 936 bacterial amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) and 1,800 fungal ASVs, only 4 bacterial ASVs and 20 fungal ASVs were shared in four distinct locations. Firmicutes were the dominant bacterial phylum in all samples, and Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were the dominant fungal phylum. At the genus level, was the dominant genus in Linzhi City (LZ), Shannan City (SN), and Lasa City (LS), whereas Megamonas was the dominant genus in Rikaze City (RKZ). and were the dominant fungal genera in SN and RKZ. and were the dominant fungal genera in LZ. and were the dominant fungal genera in LS. And the fecal microbial composition varied between the four groups, as shown by the underweighted pair-group method with arithmetic means and principal coordinates analysis. This study offers a theoretical basis for understanding the fecal microbial composition of crane.
Topics: Gastrointestinal Microbiome; China; Bacteria; Firmicutes; Feces
PubMed: 38317791
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1302785 -
Food & Function Feb 2024In our previous study, a polyphenol-utilization targeted quinoa product was developed solid-state fermentation with . In this study, we investigated the...
In our previous study, a polyphenol-utilization targeted quinoa product was developed solid-state fermentation with . In this study, we investigated the polyphenol-related novel functions of the fermented product further. Compared with unfermented quinoa, fermented quinoa alleviated the trapping effect of the macromolecules, especially in the colonic fermentation stage, resulting in enhanced polyphenol bioaccessibility. , , , , and might contribute to polyphenol liberation and metabolism in fermented quinoa. Additionally, fermented quinoa polyphenols presented an efficient anti-obesity effect by enhancing hepatic antioxidant enzyme activities, suppressing fatty acid synthesis, accelerating fatty acid oxidation, and improving bile acid synthesis. Moreover, fermented quinoa polyphenol supplementation alleviated gut microbiota disorder induced by a high-fat diet, resulting in a decreased ratio of /, and increased relative abundances of and . The obtained results suggested that the principal anti-obesity effect of fermented quinoa polyphenols might act through the AMPK/PPAR/CPT-1 pathway. In conclusion, solid-state fermentation effectively enhanced the bioaccessibility of quinoa, and the fermented quinoa polyphenols showed considerable anti-obesity effect. Our findings provide new perspectives for the development of dietary polyphenol-based satiety-enhancing functional foods.
Topics: Polyphenols; Chenopodium quinoa; Monascus; Fermentation; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Fatty Acids
PubMed: 38317482
DOI: 10.1039/d3fo04555b -
BMC Psychiatry Jan 2024Major depressive disorder (MDD) is characterized by sadness and anhedonia, but also physical symptoms such as changes in appetite and weight. Gut microbiota has been...
BACKGROUND
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is characterized by sadness and anhedonia, but also physical symptoms such as changes in appetite and weight. Gut microbiota has been hypothesized to be involved in MDD through gut-brain axis signaling. Moreover, antidepressants display antibacterial properties in the gastrointestinal tract. The aim of this study was to compare the gut microbiota and systemic inflammatory profile of young patients with MDD before and after initiation of antidepressant treatment and/or psychotherapy in comparison with a non-depressed control group (nonMDD).
METHODS
Fecal and blood samples were collected at baseline and at follow-up after four and twelve weeks, respectively. Patients started treatment immediately after collection of the baseline samples. The gut microbiota was characterized by 16 S rRNA gene sequencing targeting the hypervariable V4 region. Plasma levels of 49 unique immune markers were assessed using Mesoscale.
RESULTS
In total, 27 MDD patients and 32 nonMDD controls were included in the study. The gut microbiota in the baseline samples of MDD versus nonMDD participants did not differ regarding α- or β-diversity. However, there was a higher relative abundance of the genera Ruminococcus gnavus group, and a lower relative abundance of the genera Desulfovibrio, Tyzzerella, Megamonas, Olsenella, Gordonibacter, Allisonella and Rothia in the MDD group compared to the nonMDD group. In the MDD group, there was an increase in the genera Rothia, Desulfovibrio, Gordinobacteer and Lactobacillus, while genera belonging to the Firmicutes phylum were found depleted at twelve weeks follow-up compared to baseline. In the MDD group, IL-7, IL-8 and IL-17b levels were elevated compared to the nonMDD group at baseline. Furthermore, MDI score in the MDD group was found to correlate with Bray-Curtis dissimilarity at baseline, and several inflammatory markers at both baseline and after initiation of antidepressant treatment.
CONCLUSION
Several bacterial taxa differed between the MDD group and the nonMDD group at baseline and changed in relative abundance during antidepressant treatment and/or psychotherapy. The MDD group was furthermore found to have a pro-inflammatory profile compared to the nonMDD group at baseline. Further studies are required to investigate the gut microbiota and pro-inflammatory profile of patients with MDD.
Topics: Humans; Depressive Disorder, Major; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Antidepressive Agents; Cognition; Psychotherapy
PubMed: 38297265
DOI: 10.1186/s12888-024-05547-z -
Food Chemistry: X Mar 2024Apple peel is a typical lignocellulosic food by-product rich in functional components. In this work, apple peel was solid-state fermented with e with an aim to modulate...
Apple peel is a typical lignocellulosic food by-product rich in functional components. In this work, apple peel was solid-state fermented with e with an aim to modulate its composition and bioactivity. The results showed that e fermentation substantially tailored the composition, improved the antioxidant activity and prebiotic potential of apple peel. Upon the fermentation, 1) free phenolics increased and antioxidant activity improved; 2) the pectin substances degraded significantly, along with a decrease in soluble dietary fiber while an increase in insoluble dietary fiber; 3) the fermentability increased as indicated by the increase in total acid production. The gut microbiota was shaped with more health-promoting potentials, such as higher abundances of , , and -9 as well as lower abundances of and . This work is conducive to the modification of apple peel as a potential ingredient in food formulations.
PubMed: 38292687
DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2024.101134 -
NPJ Biofilms and Microbiomes Jan 2024
PubMed: 38287023
DOI: 10.1038/s41522-024-00480-1 -
Biochemical Genetics Jan 2024Asthma is a multifactorial disease with phenotypes and several clinical and pathophysiological characteristics. Besides innate and adaptive immune responses, the gut...
Asthma is a multifactorial disease with phenotypes and several clinical and pathophysiological characteristics. Besides innate and adaptive immune responses, the gut microbiome generates Treg cells, mediating the allergic response to environmental factors and exposure to allergens. Because of the complexity of asthma, microbiome analysis and other precision medicine methods are now widely regarded as essential elements of efficient disease therapy. An in-silico pipeline enables the comparative taxonomic profiling of 16S rRNA metagenomic profiles of 20 asthmatic patients and 15 healthy controls utilizing QIIME2. Further, PICRUSt supports downstream gene enrichment and pathway analysis, inferring the enriched pathways in a diseased state. A significant abundance of the phylum Proteobacteria, Sutterella, and Megamonas is identified in asthma patients and a diminished genus Akkermansia. Nasal samples reveal a high relative abundance of Mycoplasma in the nasal samples. Further, differential functional profiling identifies the metabolic pathways related to cofactors and amino acids, secondary metabolism, and signaling pathways. These findings support that a combination of bacterial communities is involved in mediating the responses involved in chronic respiratory conditions like asthma by exerting their influence on various metabolic pathways.
PubMed: 38285123
DOI: 10.1007/s10528-023-10635-y -
Veterinary Sciences Jan 2024Fecal microbiota transplants (FMTs) have been successful at treating digestive and skin conditions in dogs. The degree to which the microbiome is impacted by FMT in a...
Fecal microbiota transplants (FMTs) have been successful at treating digestive and skin conditions in dogs. The degree to which the microbiome is impacted by FMT in a cohort of dogs has not been thoroughly investigated. Using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, we document the changes in the microbiome of fifty-four dogs that took capsules of lyophilized fecal material for their chronic diarrhea, vomiting, or constipation. We found that the relative abundances of five bacterial genera (, , , , and ) were higher after FMT than before FMT. Fecal microbiome alpha- and beta-diversity were correlated with kibble and raw food consumption, and prior antibiotic use. On average, 18% of the stool donor's bacterial amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) engrafted in the FMT recipient, with certain bacterial taxa like spp., spp., and spp. engrafting more frequently than others. Lastly, analyses indicated that the degree of overlap between the donor bacteria and the community of microbes already established in the FMT recipient likely impacts engraftment. Collectively, our work provides further insight into the microbiome and engraftment dynamics of dogs before and after taking oral FMTs.
PubMed: 38275924
DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11010042