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Animals : An Open Access Journal From... Dec 2023Pain assessment is of paramount importance for properly managing dogs with osteoarthritis (OA) pain. The aim of the present study was to develop and psychometrically...
Pain assessment is of paramount importance for properly managing dogs with osteoarthritis (OA) pain. The aim of the present study was to develop and psychometrically validate the Italian version of the Helsinki Chronic Pain Index (I-HCPI). Owners of OA painful ( = 87) and healthy dogs ( = 40) were administered the I-HCPI once or twice after an eight-week meloxicam treatment. Sixty-nine owners of healthy and OA dogs also completed the Italian version of the Canine Brief Pain Inventory (I-CBPI). Pain on palpation on a 0-4 scale was assessed on all recruited dogs. Construct validity was tested both with hypothesis testing and principal component analysis, confirming the I-HCPI accurately measured chronic pain. Good convergent and criterion validity were shown through correlations with I-CBPI subscores and distribution among pain on palpation scores ( < 0.0001). The significant difference between the pre- and post-treatment I-HCPI scores ( < 0.0001) and Cohen's effect size (2.27) indicated excellent responsiveness. The I-HCPI was shown to be reliable through communalities (range 0.47-0.90) and Cronbach α (≥0.95). Discriminative ability and cut-off point, as tested through Receiver Operating Characteristic analysis, showed excellent diagnostic accuracy with a threshold value of 11 (specificity 0.98 and sensitivity 0.94). The I-HCPI was confirmed to be a valid, sensitive, reliable, and accurate tool to discriminate between dogs with and without pain.
PubMed: 38200814
DOI: 10.3390/ani14010083 -
Journal of the American Veterinary... Apr 2024This study sought to determine whether firocoxib (FIRO) or meloxicam (MEL) was effective at providing analgesia after surgical castration in goats.
OBJECTIVE
This study sought to determine whether firocoxib (FIRO) or meloxicam (MEL) was effective at providing analgesia after surgical castration in goats.
ANIMALS
18 intact male crossbred goats (6 to 8 months old) were enrolled with a mean weight of 32.6 (± 2.9) kg.
METHODS
Surgical castration was done under injectable anesthesia by a licensed veterinarian. Twelve bucks were surgically castrated and given either FIRO (n = 6) or MEL (n = 6). Six bucks served as controls (CNTLs) and were not castrated. Outcome measurements included visual analogue scale, infrared thermography, plasma cortisol, plasma substance P, and kinetic gait analysis. All outcome measurements were obtained at -24, 4, 8, 24, 48, and 72 hours.
RESULTS
All 3 treatments were significantly different from each other at the 24- and 48-hour time points, with MEL animals having lower visual analogue scale scores when compared to FIRO animals; CNTL animals exhibited the lowest plasma cortisol levels (3.19 ng/mL; 95% CI, -1.21 to 7.59 ng/mL) followed by FIRO (7.45 ng/mL; 95% CI, 3.10 to 11.80 ng/mL) and MEL (10.24 ng/mL; 95% CI, 5.87 to 14.60 ng/mL). FIRO had an average mean decrease in gait velocity change (-54.17 cm/s; 95% CI, -92.99 to -15.35 cm/s), while MEL had an increase in gait velocity when compared to baseline values (14.54 cm/s; 95% CI, -24.27 to 53.36 cm/s). Control animals had an average mean of -3.06 cm/s (95% CI, -41.88 to 35.75 cm/s).
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Results from this study showed that there were some analgesic effects from administering MEL when compared to bucks that received a placebo treatment (CNTL).
Topics: Male; Animals; Meloxicam; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Hydrocortisone; Goats; Thiazines; Thiazoles; Orchiectomy; Pain; Sulfones; 4-Butyrolactone
PubMed: 38190805
DOI: 10.2460/javma.23.10.0575 -
Anesthesia and Analgesia Jun 2024Optimal analgesic protocols for total knee arthroplasty (TKA) patients remain controversial. Multimodal analgesia is advocated, often including peripheral nerve blocks... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
What Is the Role of a Periarticular Injection for Knee Arthroplasty Patients Receiving a Multimodal Analgesia Regimen Incorporating Adductor Canal and Infiltration Between the Popliteal Artery and Capsule of the Knee Blocks? A Randomized Blinded Placebo-Controlled Noninferiority Trial.
BACKGROUND
Optimal analgesic protocols for total knee arthroplasty (TKA) patients remain controversial. Multimodal analgesia is advocated, often including peripheral nerve blocks and/or periarticular injections (PAIs). If 2 blocks (adductor canal block [ACB] plus infiltration between the popliteal artery and capsule of the knee [IPACK]) are used, also performing PAI may not be necessary. This noninferiority trial hypothesized that TKA patients with ACB + IPACK + saline PAI (sham infiltration) would have pain scores that were no worse than those of patients with ACB + IPACK + active PAI with local anesthetic.
METHODS
A multimodal analgesic protocol of spinal anesthesia, ACB and IPACK blocks, intraoperative ketamine and ketorolac, postoperative ketorolac followed by meloxicam, acetaminophen, duloxetine, and oral opioids was used. Patients undergoing primary unilateral TKA were randomized to receive either active PAI or control PAI. The active PAI included a deep injection, performed before cementation, of bupivacaine 0.25% with epinephrine, 30 mL; morphine; methylprednisolone; cefazolin; with normal saline to bring total volume to 64 mL. A superficial injection of 20 mL bupivacaine, 0.25%, was administered before closure. Control injections were normal saline injected with the same injection technique and volumes. The primary outcome was numeric rating scale pain with ambulation on postoperative day 1. A noninferiority margin of 1.0 was used.
RESULTS
Ninety-four patients were randomized. NRS pain with ambulation at POD1 in the ACB + IPACK + saline PAI group was not found to be noninferior to that of the ACB + IPACK + active PAI group (difference = 0.3, 95% confidence interval [CI], [-0.9 to 1.5], P = .120). Pain scores at rest did not differ significantly among groups. No significant difference was observed in opioid consumption between groups. Cumulative oral morphine equivalents through postoperative day 2 were 89 ± 40 mg (mean ± standard deviation), saline PAI, vs 73 ± 52, active PAI, P = .1. No significant differences were observed for worst pain, fraction of time in severe pain, pain interference, side-effects (nausea, drowsiness, itching, dizziness), quality of recovery, satisfaction, length of stay, chronic pain, and orthopedic outcomes.
CONCLUSIONS
For TKA patients given a comprehensive analgesic protocol, use of saline PAI did not demonstrate noninferiority compared to active PAI. Neither the primary nor any secondary outcomes demonstrated superiority for active PAI, however. As we cannot claim either technique to be better or worse, there remains flexibility for use of either technique.
Topics: Humans; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee; Male; Female; Aged; Pain, Postoperative; Middle Aged; Nerve Block; Popliteal Artery; Injections, Intra-Articular; Anesthetics, Local; Pain Measurement; Treatment Outcome; Double-Blind Method; Knee Joint; Analgesia
PubMed: 38190339
DOI: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000006805 -
Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) Dec 2023Among the biological targets extensively investigated to improve inflammation and chronic inflammatory conditions, cyclooxygenase enzymes (COXs) occupy a prominent...
Among the biological targets extensively investigated to improve inflammation and chronic inflammatory conditions, cyclooxygenase enzymes (COXs) occupy a prominent position. The inhibition of these enzymes, essential for mitigating inflammatory processes, is chiefly achieved through Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs). In this work, we introduce a novel method-based on computational molecular docking-that could aid in the structure-based design of new compounds or the description of the anti-inflammatory activity of already-tested compounds. For this, we used eight crystal complexes (four COX-1 and COX-2 each), and each pair had a specific NSAID: Celecoxib, Meloxicam, Ibuprofen, and Indomethacin. This selection was based on the ligand selectivity towards COX-1 or COX-2 and their binding mode. An interaction profile of each NSAID was compiled to detect the residues that are key for their binding mode, highlighting the interaction made by the Me group. Furthermore, we rigorously validated our models based on structural accuracy (RMSD < 1) and (R > 70) using eight NSAIDs and thirteen compounds with IC values for each enzyme. Therefore, this model can be used for the binding mode prediction of small and structurally rigid compounds that work as COX inhibitors or the prediction of new compounds that are designed by means of a structure-based approach.
PubMed: 38139814
DOI: 10.3390/ph16121688 -
Marine Drugs Nov 2023Progressive articular surface degradation during arthritis causes ongoing pain and hyperalgesia that lead to the development of functional disability. TRPA1 channel...
Progressive articular surface degradation during arthritis causes ongoing pain and hyperalgesia that lead to the development of functional disability. TRPA1 channel significantly contributes to the activation of sensory neurons that initiate neurogenic inflammation and mediates pain signal transduction to the central nervous system. Peptide Ms 9a-1 from the sea anemone is a positive allosteric modulator of TRPA1 and shows significant anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity in different models of pain. We used a model of monosodium iodoacetate (MIA)-induced osteoarthritis to evaluate the anti-inflammatory properties of Ms 9a-1 in comparison with APHC3 (a polypeptide modulator of TRPV1 channel) and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as meloxicam and ibuprofen. Administration of Ms 9a-1 (0.1 mg/kg, subcutaneously) significantly reversed joint swelling, disability, thermal and mechanical hypersensitivity, and grip strength impairment. The effect of Ms 9a-1 was equal to or better than that of reference drugs. Post-treatment histological analysis revealed that long-term administration of Ms9a-1 could reduce inflammatory changes in joints and prevent the progression of cartilage and bone destruction at the same level as meloxicam. Peptide Ms 9a-1 showed significant analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects in the model of MIA-induced OA, and therefore positive allosteric modulators could be considered for the alleviation of OA symptoms.
Topics: Animals; Sea Anemones; Meloxicam; Disease Models, Animal; Osteoarthritis; Inflammation; Pain; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Analgesics; Peptides; Iodoacetic Acid
PubMed: 38132938
DOI: 10.3390/md21120617 -
Cureus Nov 2023Pruritus, colloquially known as itch, is a common clinical symptom seen in a variety of dermatological conditions and systemic disorders. Pruritus can broadly be...
Pruritus, colloquially known as itch, is a common clinical symptom seen in a variety of dermatological conditions and systemic disorders. Pruritus can broadly be classified into four categories: neuropathic, neurogenic/systemic, psychogenic, and pruritoceptive. Initial categorization depends on anatomical and pathophysiological aspects of presentation and is reflective of underlying etiology. We report a case of an 83-year-old man presenting with generalized pruritus secondary to cholestasis from bile duct malignancy. This case is notable for atypical presenting features, including a trunk eruption comprised of excoriated papules with onset following meloxicam initiation, mimicking a cutaneous adverse drug reaction. Providers should consider systemic etiologies of pruritus in patients presenting with cutaneous eruptions with atypical features. Accurate categorization of pruritus can facilitate treatment and/or additional investigation of systemic disease.
PubMed: 38116363
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.49049 -
Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia Jan 2024To determine the pharmacokinetics of meloxicam in the nursehound shark (Scyliorhinus stellaris) during multiple dose administration.
OBJECTIVE
To determine the pharmacokinetics of meloxicam in the nursehound shark (Scyliorhinus stellaris) during multiple dose administration.
STUDY DESIGN
Prospective experimental trial.
ANIMALS
A total of eight clinically healthy adult nursehounds (four males, four females).
METHODS
Meloxicam was administered intramuscularly at a dose of 1.5 mg kg once daily for 7 days. Blood samples were collected from the caudal vein for pharmacokinetic analysis at 2.5 hours and 24 hours after drug administration. After a 4 week washout period, meloxicam was administered orally at the same dose at 12 hour intervals for three repeated doses. Blood samples were collected at 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, 36 and 48 hours after the first administration. Sharks were visually monitored during each study and 4 weeks afterwards for side effects or signs of toxicity. Time required to achieve steady state was assessed by visual inspection and statistical comparison of peak and trough concentrations using a Friedman test; comparison between sexes was performed using a Mann-Whitney U test and p-value was set at 0.05.
RESULTS
No animal died or showed clinical signs of toxicity during the study. Meloxicam administered orally did not produce detectable concentrations in plasma. After intramuscular administration, steady state was achieved after five doses, and mean trough and peak plasma concentrations at steady state were 1.76 ± 0.21 μg mL and 3.02 ± 0.23 μg mL, respectively. Mean peak concentration accumulation ratio was 2.50 ± 0.22.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE
This study shows that intramuscular posology produces plasma concentrations considered therapeutic for other species. However, meloxicam was not detected in plasma after oral administration. These results suggest that meloxicam administered intramuscularly may be a useful non-steroid anti-inflammatory drug in nursehound sharks. Further pharmacodynamic studies are needed to fully evaluate its clinical use in this species.
Topics: Female; Male; Animals; Meloxicam; Sharks; Prospective Studies; Thiazines; Thiazoles; Half-Life; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Area Under Curve; Administration, Oral
PubMed: 38065822
DOI: 10.1016/j.vaa.2023.09.072 -
Australian Veterinary Journal Mar 2024The clinical findings associated with nasal, cutaneous and systemic fusariosis in a 3-year-old billy Boer goat are summarised. The clinical features, treatment,...
The clinical findings associated with nasal, cutaneous and systemic fusariosis in a 3-year-old billy Boer goat are summarised. The clinical features, treatment, postmortem findings and laboratory diagnostics are reported and discussed in the context of existing knowledge on mycoses of small ruminants. The goat presented primarily for respiratory signs (inspiratory dyspnoea) with unilateral left-sided mucopurulent nasal discharge, and multifocal variably ulcerative and necrotic cutaneous nodules. Histopathology of nasal and cutaneous biopsies revealed necrotising pyogranulomatous inflammation with intralesional septate hyphal elements that correlated with culture of Fusarium oxysporum. The patient continued to deteriorate clinically during treatment with oxytetracycline and meloxicam, with the addition of sodium iodide and potassium iodide, and was humanely euthanased. Postmortem examination revealed multifocal nodular lesions throughout the kidneys, abdominal lymph nodes and lungs. These lesions were consistent with those identified antemortem from which F. oxysporum was cultured. Although treatment was unsuccessful, to the author's knowledge, no instance of rhinofacial or systemic caprine infection with Fusarium spp. has been documented in the veterinary literature, making this the first recognised instance of this form of infection in small ruminant species.
Topics: Animals; Fusariosis; Goats; Skin; Mycoses; Nose; Goat Diseases
PubMed: 38049199
DOI: 10.1111/avj.13301 -
Toxicology in Vitro : An International... Mar 2024The phototoxic effect of meloxicam (MLX) raises the question of the effect of the drug on the redox homeostasis of normal human skin cells. The main objective of the...
Phototoxic action of meloxicam contributes to dysregulation of redox homeostasis in normal human skin cells - Molecular and biochemical analysis of antioxidant enzymes in melanocytes and fibroblasts.
The phototoxic effect of meloxicam (MLX) raises the question of the effect of the drug on the redox homeostasis of normal human skin cells. The main objective of the study was to analyze the effect of MLX and/or UVA radiation (UVAR) on the redox homeostasis of human normal skin cells - melanocytes and fibroblasts. MLX was found to affect the activity and expression of enzymes of the antioxidant system differently depending on the cell line used. The drug decreased the activity and expression of superoxide dismutase type 1 and 2 (SOD1 and SOD2), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in fibroblasts, while increasing the activity of these enzymes in melanocytes. UVA radiation enhanced the effects of the drug. In conclusion, MLX in combination with UVAR induces oxidative stress in melanocytes and fibroblasts, however, the analyses showed that the drug's effect the activity and expression of SOD, CAT and GPx differently, depending on the cell line. The observed dissimilarity between tested cell lines may result from the presence of melanin pigments.
Topics: Humans; Antioxidants; Meloxicam; Melanins; Superoxide Dismutase; Melanocytes; Catalase; Dermatitis, Phototoxic; Oxidative Stress; Superoxide Dismutase-1; Glutathione Peroxidase; Oxidation-Reduction; Fibroblasts
PubMed: 38036073
DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2023.105745 -
Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and... May 2024The aim of this study is to determine the pharmacokinetic change after intravenous administration of meloxicam at doses of 0.5, 1 and 2 mg/kg to sheep. The study was...
The aim of this study is to determine the pharmacokinetic change after intravenous administration of meloxicam at doses of 0.5, 1 and 2 mg/kg to sheep. The study was carried out on six Akkaraman sheep. Meloxicam was administered intravenously to each sheep at 0.5, 1, and 2 mg/kg doses in a longitudinal pharmacokinetic design with a 15-day washout period. Plasma concentrations of meloxicam were determined using the high performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet, and pharmacokinetic parameters were evaluated by non-compartmental analysis. Meloxicam was detected up to 48 h in the 0.5 mg/kg dose and up to 96 h in the 1 and 2 mg/kg doses. As the dose increased from 0.5 to 2 mg/kg, terminal elimination half-life, and dose normalized area under the concentration versus time curve increased and total clearance decreased. Compared to the 1 mg/kg dose, it was determined that V decreased and C increased in the 2 mg/kg dose. Meloxicam provided the therapeutic concentration of >0.39 μg/mL reported in other species for 12, 48 and 96 h at 0.5, 1 and 2 mg/kg doses, respectively. These results show that meloxicam exhibits non-linear pharmacokinetics and will achieve unpredictable plasma concentrations when administered IV for a rapid effect at dose of ≥1 mg/kg in sheep.
Topics: Animals; Meloxicam; Sheep; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Area Under Curve; Half-Life; Injections, Intravenous; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Male; Administration, Intravenous
PubMed: 38033195
DOI: 10.1111/jvp.13422