-
Chemistry (Weinheim An Der Bergstrasse,... Jun 2024Wittig reaction between substituted phosphonium salts and (hetero)aromatic and alkyl carbonyl compounds in Deep Eutectic Solvents has been developed under a scalable and...
Wittig reaction between substituted phosphonium salts and (hetero)aromatic and alkyl carbonyl compounds in Deep Eutectic Solvents has been developed under a scalable and friendly protocol. Highly efficient reactions were successfully run with a wide range of bases including organic (DBU, LiTMP, t-BuOK) and inorganic (NaOH, Na2CO3, K2CO3) ones in ChCl/Gly 1:2 (mol/mol) as solvent under mild conditions, at room temperature and under air. The proposed protocol was applied to a wide range of substrates, including (hetero)aromatic aldehydes with substituents as halogens (I, Br, Cl), EDG (alkoxy, methyl), EWG (NO2, CF3) or reactive groups as CN, esters, and ketones. Vinylic, alkynyl and cycloalkyl, alicyclic and α,β-unsaturated aldehydes can also be used. Highly electrophilic ketones gave good yields. The diastereoselectivity of the reaction is in complete agreement with the E/Z ratio observed under traditional conditions. We demonstrated that the reaction is scalable to 2 g (5 mmol) of phosphonium salt, furthermore the proposed workup protocol allows to remove TPPO without need of additional chromatographic purification.
PubMed: 38945826
DOI: 10.1002/chem.202402090 -
International Journal of Biological... Jun 2024To reduce environmental pollution and improve human health, developing green active food packaging materials is very necessary. In this study, a novel antioxidant and...
To reduce environmental pollution and improve human health, developing green active food packaging materials is very necessary. In this study, a novel antioxidant and antibacterial composite film was produced by incorporating inclusion complex (CDIC) of cannabidiol (CBD) with 2,6-di-O-methyl-β-cyclodextrin (DM-β-CD) into pectin. The pectin films loaded with CBD and hemp leaf water extract (HLE) were prepared for comparison. Comprehensive characterizations showed CBD was encapsulated by DM-β-CD and CDIC was evenly dispersed into pectin matrix, forming the compact and intact film. The composite films showed good mechanical properties and biodegradability. CDIC film showed the highest transparency and smoothness (Rrms/Rmax: 2.6/16.8 nm). The addition of bioactives reduced the water-binding capacity and CDIC film had the strongest hydrophobicity. Besides, DM-β-CD encapsulation improved the thermal stability of CBD in CDIC film. Benefiting from encapsulation and excellent bioactivities of CBD, CDIC film showed excellent antioxidant capacity and antibacterial activity, effectively inhibiting colony growth and maintaining the strawberry color in strawberry preservation. This work could provide a novel eco-friendly candidate for food packaging material and expand the use of CBD in food industry.
PubMed: 38945317
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133525 -
Journal of Agricultural and Food... Jun 2024Using nicofluprole as the lead compound, we designed and synthesized a series of new phenylpyrazole analogues through substituting the methyl group on the nitrogen atom...
Using nicofluprole as the lead compound, we designed and synthesized a series of new phenylpyrazole analogues through substituting the methyl group on the nitrogen atom of the amide with an acyl group. Bioassay results showed that compounds - with a 1-cyanocyclopropimide group exhibited outstanding insecticidal activity. The LC values for compounds - against ranged from 0.58 to 0.91 mg/L. Compound showed an LC value of 0.29 and 3.10 mg/L against and , respectively. Molecular docking indicated the potential binding interactions of compound with a gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor. Additionally, density functional theory calculations implied that the 1-cyanocyclopropimide structure might be essential for its biological activity. Phenylpyrazole derivatives, containing a 1-cyanocyclopropimide fragment, have the potential for further development as potential insecticides.
PubMed: 38943575
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c02841 -
RSC Advances Jun 2024In this study, a novel environmentally friendly route was explored for the synthesis of a tin-doped titanium dioxide/calcium oxide (Sn-TiO/CaO) composite using eggshell...
In this study, a novel environmentally friendly route was explored for the synthesis of a tin-doped titanium dioxide/calcium oxide (Sn-TiO/CaO) composite using eggshell as a ternary photocatalyst. The composite was prepared a simple hydrothermal method, resulting in a unique material with potential applications in photocatalysis. The prepared photocatalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, UV-vis/diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray fluorescence, and the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller techniques. At the same time, the Sn-TiO/CaO composite shows excellent degradation activity for toxic dyes. The degradation efficiencies for alizarin red, bromophenol blue, methylene blue, malachite green, and methyl red are 68.38%, 62.39%, 76.81%, 86.93%, and 17.52%, respectively, under ultraviolet light irradiation for 35 min at pH = 3. In addition, the best photocatalytic degradation efficiency for zero charge (pH 7) and basic pH is for AR 98.21% and 68.38%, MR 33.01% and 17.52%, BPB 73.17% and 17.52%, MB 72.32% and 76.81%, and MG 85.59% and 86.93%, respectively, under UV light irradiation for 35 min. The increase in photocatalytic activity of the ternary photocatalyst is accredited to the enhancement of electron-hole pair separation. Simultaneous photodegradation and photoreduction of organic dyes show that ternary photocatalysts could be used in real wastewater applications.
PubMed: 38938525
DOI: 10.1039/d4ra03641g -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2024Flexible strain sensors have a wide range of applications in the field of health monitoring of seismic isolation bearings. However, the nonmonotonic response with...
Flexible strain sensors have a wide range of applications in the field of health monitoring of seismic isolation bearings. However, the nonmonotonic response with shoulder peaks limits their application in practical engineering. Here we eliminate the shoulder peak phenomenon during the resistive-strain response by adjusting the dispersion of conductive nanofillers. In this paper, carbon black (CB)/methyl vinyl silicone rubber (VMQ) composites were modified by adding a silane coupling agent (KH550). The results show that the addition of KH550 eliminates the shoulder peak phenomenon in the resistive response signal of the composites. The reason for the disappearance of the shoulder peak phenomenon was explained, and at the same time, the mechanical properties of the composites were enhanced, the percolation threshold was reduced, and they had excellent strain-sensing properties. It also exhibited excellent stability and repeatability during 18,000 cycles of loading-unloading. The resistance-strain response mechanism was explained by the tunneling effect theoretical model analysis. It was shown that the sensor has a promising application in the health monitoring of seismic isolation bearings.
PubMed: 38930805
DOI: 10.3390/molecules29122740 -
Chemistry & Biodiversity Jun 2024Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative condition characterized by progressive cognitive decline and memory impairment resulting from the degeneration...
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative condition characterized by progressive cognitive decline and memory impairment resulting from the degeneration and death of brain neurons. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors as the primary pharmacotherapy for numerous neurodegenerative conditions, leveraging their capacity to modulate acetylcholine levels crucial for cognitive function. Recently, oxazines have brought worthy synthetic interest due to their extensive biological activities including, anti-tubercular, anti-convulsant, and anti-cancer activities. In this study, a series of novel naphtho[1,2-e][1,3]oxazine derivatives has been designed and synthesized with potential of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition. The target products have been prepared by a one-pot and three-component condensation reaction of 2-naphthol, aromatic aldehydes, and arylmethanimine in the presence of 3-methyl-1-sulfonic acid imidazolium chloride ([Msim]Cl) as an effective and recyclable catalyst under microwave irradiation solvent-free condition. The molecular docking studies has also been performed to investigate the synthetic compounds in the the AChE active site gorge. The results showed that all these derivatives interact with the enzymes with high affinity in binding pocket. The MM-GBSA studies were performed for all synthesized derivatives and among them, compound 3-(4-Chlorophenyl)-1-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-naphtho[1,2-e][1,3]oxazine 5f, showed the lowest the binding free energy (-48.04 kcal mol-1). In general, oxazine derivatives could be proposed as the strong AChE inhibitors.
PubMed: 38923807
DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202401005 -
The Journal of Organic Chemistry Jun 2024Typical catalysts used in dimethyl carbonate (DMC) transesterification encounter challenges in terms of environmental sustainability and economic viability. Calcium...
Typical catalysts used in dimethyl carbonate (DMC) transesterification encounter challenges in terms of environmental sustainability and economic viability. Calcium oxide (CaO), being an environmentally friendly and cost-effective catalyst, exhibits favorable compatibility with the criteria above. It has been conclusively demonstrated that CaO performs high efficiency as a catalyst for the transesterification between alcohols and DMC. The optimal conditions for the CaO-catalyzed transesterification of DMC and 1-octanol were determined (90 °C, 17 h, and CaO/1-octanol/DMC molar ratio = 0.3:1.0:40.0), under which the conversion of 1-octanol reaches 98.3%, while the yield and selectivity of methyl octyl carbonate are 98.1 and 99.9%, and CaO has been proven to have the efficient ability to be recycled three times. Meanwhile, the CaO-catalyzed reaction mechanism of the transesterification of DMC with alcohol is illustrated in the quantum chemical method based on the M06-2X functional, and the structures of the corresponding transition states are simultaneously derived. The activation energy barrier is proven to be effectively decreased by the catalytic effect of CaO. In addition, the electrostatic potential diagram verifies the proposed reaction sites. This research constructs the theoretical basis for CaO-based DMC chemistry and expands the green catalysts available for the synthesis of dialkyl carbonates.
PubMed: 38916441
DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00777 -
Scientific Reports Jun 2024Hyperthermia induced by phenethylamines, such as 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), can lead to life-threatening complications and death. Activation of the...
Hyperthermia induced by phenethylamines, such as 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), can lead to life-threatening complications and death. Activation of the sympathetic nervous system and subsequent release of norepinephrine and activation of uncoupling proteins have been demonstrated to be the key mediators of phenethylamine-induced hyperthermia (PIH). Recently, the gut microbiome was shown to also play a contributing role in PIH. Here, the hypothesis that bile acids (BAs) produced by the gut microbiome are essential to PIH was tested. Changes in the serum concentrations of unconjugated primary BAs cholic acid (CA) and chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) and secondary BA deoxycholic acid (DCA) were measured following MDMA (20 mg/kg, sc) treatment in antibiotic treated and control rats. MDMA-induced a significant hyperthermic response and reduced the serum concentrations of three BAs 60 min post-treatment. Pretreatment with antibiotics (vancomycin, bacitracin and neomycin) in the drinking water for five days resulted in the depletion of BAs and a hypothermic response to MDMA. Gut bacterial communities in the antibiotic-treated group were distinct from the MDMA or saline treatment groups, with decreased microbiome diversity and alteration in taxa. Metagenomic functions inferred using the bioinformatic tool PICRUSt2 on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that bacterial genes associated to BA metabolism are less abundant in the antibiotic-MDMA treated group. Overall, these findings suggest that gut bacterial produced BAs might play an important role in MDMA-induced hyperthermia.
Topics: Gastrointestinal Microbiome; N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine; Animals; Rats; Male; Hyperthermia; Bile Acids and Salts; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Deoxycholic Acid
PubMed: 38914648
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65433-2 -
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces Jun 2024Photothermal therapy (PTT) is a promising cancer therapeutic approach due to its spatial selectivity and high potency. Indocyanine green (ICG) has been considered a...
Photothermal therapy (PTT) is a promising cancer therapeutic approach due to its spatial selectivity and high potency. Indocyanine green (ICG) has been considered a biocompatible PTT agent. However, ICG has several challenges to hinder its clinical use including rapid blood clearance and instability to heat, light, and solvent, leading to a loss of photoactivation property and PTT efficacy. Herein, we leveraged stabilizing components, methyl-β-cyclodextrin and liposomes, in one nanoplatform (ICD lipo) to enhance ICG stability and the photothermal therapeutic effect against cancer. Compared to ICG, ICD lipo displayed a 4.8-fold reduction in degradation in PBS solvent after 30 days and a 3.4-fold reduction in photobleaching after near-infrared laser irradiation. Moreover, in tumor-bearing mice, ICD lipo presented a 2.7-fold increase in tumor targetability and inhibited tumor growth 9.6 times more effectively than did ICG without any serious toxicity. We believe that ICD lipo could be a potential PTT agent for cancer therapeutics.
PubMed: 38912948
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c01078 -
Food Chemistry Jun 2024In this study, changes in the basic composition and structural characterisation of water-soluble pectin (WSP), homogalacturonan (HG) and rhamnogalacturonan-I (RG-I) from...
In this study, changes in the basic composition and structural characterisation of water-soluble pectin (WSP), homogalacturonan (HG) and rhamnogalacturonan-I (RG-I) from pomegranate peel were investigated after high-pressure-homogenisation (HPH) at 50 MPa and 300 MPa. The interactions between three pectin and anthocyanin (ACN) complex were also studied. The three pectin fractions were mainly composed of galacturonic acid (34.95%-87.69%), all with low degrees of methyl-esterification ≤41.20%. HPH at 300 MPa increased the binding ratios of ACN to three pectin fractions by 34.22%-34.59%. Changes in the structural characterisation results of pectin confirmed that the depolymerisation and breakdown of the side chains of pectin after HPH promoted electrostatic interactions, hydrogen bond and hydrophobic interaction between pectin and ACN. Correspondingly, the thermal and storage stabilities of ACN in the complex was boosted after HPH at 300 MPa. This study provides insights into the interaction between pectin and ACN under HPH.
PubMed: 38905822
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140110