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Biosensors & Bioelectronics Aug 2024Pre-eclampsia (PE) is a life-threatening complication that occurs during pregnancy, affecting a large number of pregnant women and newborns worldwide. Rapid, on-site and...
Pre-eclampsia (PE) is a life-threatening complication that occurs during pregnancy, affecting a large number of pregnant women and newborns worldwide. Rapid, on-site and affordable screening of PE at an early stage is necessary to ensure timely treatment and minimize both maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality rates. Placental growth factor (PlGF) is an angiogenic blood biomarker used for PE diagnosis. Herein, we report the plasmonic fiber optic absorbance biosensor (P-FAB) strategy for detecting PlGF at femtomolar concentration using polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) based U-bent polymeric optical fiber (POF) sensor probes. A novel poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimer based PMMA surface modification is established to obtain a greater immobilization of the bioreceptors compared to a linear molecule like hexamethylenediamine (HMDA). Plasmonic sandwich immunoassay was realized by immobilizing the mouse anti-PlGF (3H1) on the U-bent POF sensor probe surface and gold nanoparticles (AuNP) labels conjugated with mouse anti-PlGF (6H9). The POF sensor probes could measure PlGF within 30 min using the P-FAB strategy. The limit-of-detection (LoD) was found to be 0.19 pg/mL and 0.57 pg/mL in phosphate-buffered saline and 10× diluted serum, respectively. The clinical sample testing, with eleven positive and eleven negative preeclamptic pregnancy samples, successfully confirmed the accuracy, reliability, specificity, and sensitivity of the P-FAB based POF sensor platform, thereby paving the way for cost-effective technology for PlGF detection and its potential for pre-eclampsia diagnosis.
Topics: Animals; Female; Humans; Mice; Pregnancy; Biosensing Techniques; Dendrimers; Fiber Optic Technology; Gold; Immunoassay; Limit of Detection; Metal Nanoparticles; Optical Fibers; Placenta Growth Factor; Polymethyl Methacrylate; Pre-Eclampsia
PubMed: 38657380
DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116312 -
Lab on a Chip May 2024We report the generation of ∼8 nm dual in-plane pores fabricated in a thermoplastic nanoimprint lithography (NIL). These pores were connected in series with...
We report the generation of ∼8 nm dual in-plane pores fabricated in a thermoplastic nanoimprint lithography (NIL). These pores were connected in series with nanochannels, one of which served as a flight tube to allow the identification of single molecules based on their molecular-dependent apparent mobilities (, dual in-plane nanopore sensor). Two different thermoplastics were investigated including poly(methyl methacrylate), PMMA, and cyclic olefin polymer, COP, as the substrate for the sensor both of which were sealed using a low glass transition cover plate (cyclic olefin co-polymer, COC) that could be thermally fusion bonded to the PMMA or COP substrate at a temperature minimizing nanostructure deformation. Unique to these dual in-plane nanopore sensors was two pores flanking each side of the nanometer flight tube (50 × 50 nm, width × depth) that was 10 μm in length. The utility of this dual in-plane nanopore sensor was evaluated to not only detect, but also identify single ribonucleotide monophosphates (rNMPs) by using the travel time (time-of-flight, ToF), the resistive pulse event amplitude, and the dwell time. In spite of the relatively large size of these in-plane pores (∼8 nm effective diameter), we could detect resistive pulse sensing (RPS) single rNMP molecules at a mass load of 3.9 fg, which was ascribed to the unique structural features of the nanofluidic network and the use of a thermoplastic with low relative dielectric constants, which resulted in a low RMS noise level in the open pore current. Our data indicated that the identification accuracy of individual rNMPs was high, which was ascribed to an improved chromatographic contribution to the nano-electrophoresis apparent mobility. With the ToF data only, the identification accuracy was 98.3%. However, when incorporating the resistive pulse sensing event amplitude and dwell time in conjunction with the ToF and analyzed principal component analysis (PCA), the identification accuracy reached 100%. These findings pave the way for the realization of a novel chip-based single-molecule RNA sequencing technology.
Topics: Nanopores; Ribonucleotides; Temperature; Polymethyl Methacrylate
PubMed: 38656267
DOI: 10.1039/d3lc01062g -
Biomedical Materials (Bristol, England) May 2024Artificial bone graft with osteoconductivity, angiogenesis, and immunomodulation is promising clinical therapeutics for the reluctant healing process of bone defects....
Artificial bone graft with osteoconductivity, angiogenesis, and immunomodulation is promising clinical therapeutics for the reluctant healing process of bone defects. Among various osteogenic substitutes, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) bone cement is a quit competitive platform due to its easy deployment to the bone defects with irregular shape and biomimetic mechanical properties. However, the biologically inert essence of PMMA is reliant on the passive osseointegration and cannot provide sufficient biologic cues to induce fast bone repair. Bioactive glass could serve as an efficient platform for the active osteogenesis of PMMA via ionic therapy and construction of alkaline microenvironment. However, the direct of deployment of bioactive glass into PMMA may trigger additional cytotoxicity and hinder cell growth on its surface. Hence we incorporated ionic therapy as osteogenic cue into the PMMA to enhance the biomedical properties. Specifically, we synthesized core-shell microspheres with a strontium-doped bioactive glass (SrBG) core and hydroxyapatite (HA) shell, and then composited them with PMMA to introduce multifunctional effects of HA incorporation, alkaline microenvironment construction, and functional ion release by adding microsphere. We preparedSrBG@HA/PMMA cements (= 30, 40, 50) with varied microsphere content and evaluated impacts on mechanical/handling properties, ion release, and investigated the impacts of different composite cements on proliferation, osteogenic differentiation, angiogenic potential, and macrophage polarization. These findings provide new perspectives and methodologies for developing advanced bone biomaterials to promote tissue regeneration.
Topics: Bone Cements; Polymethyl Methacrylate; Microspheres; Osteogenesis; Porosity; Strontium; Animals; Mice; Durapatite; Biocompatible Materials; Materials Testing; Cell Proliferation; Osseointegration; Cell Differentiation; Ceramics; Glass; Humans; Bone Substitutes
PubMed: 38653261
DOI: 10.1088/1748-605X/ad4220 -
Journal of Indian Prosthodontic Society Apr 2024(1) To assess the release of stable silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) of small scale dimension added to heat polymerized polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) in 6 months. (2)...
Evaluating the antifungal effectiveness, leaching characteristics, flexural strength, and impact strength of polymethyl methacrylate added with small-scale silver nanoparticles - An in vitro study.
AIM
(1) To assess the release of stable silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) of small scale dimension added to heat polymerized polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) in 6 months. (2) Assessing the influence of incorporating minimal concentrations of stable AgNPs with nanoscale dimensions into heat polymerized PMMA over a 6 month period on its antifungal efficacy (AF), flexural strength (FS), and impact strength (IS).
SETTINGS AND DESIGN
Incorporating nanoparticles with a very small scale may have minimal impact on mechanical properties due to their diminutive size. However, the influence of these small scaled nanoparticles on antimicrobial efficacy and potential escalation in toxicity to host cells through leaching remains unexplored. AgNPs were prepared using an Ultrasonic Probe sonicator and the addition of ammonia to obtain stabilized AgNPs (< 0.01 nm) of small scale dimension. The characterization of these AgNPs involved ultraviolet visible spectroscopy, X ray diffraction, Zetasizer, and transmission electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy (TEM).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The prepared AgNPs were then added in various percentages by weight (0%-0.5%) to fabricate 252 modified PMMA samples of sizes 10 mm × 3 mm (AF, n = 108), 65 mm × 10 mm × 3 mm (FS, n = 72), and 65 mm × 10 mm × 2.5 mm (IS, n = 72) as per ADA specification no. 12. These samples underwent testing for leaching out of AgNPs and efficacy against Candida albicans for 6 months. The effect on FS and IS was evaluated using the three point bending test and Charpy's Impact Tester, respectively.
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED
Intergroup comparison of CFU between various concentrations of AgNP was done using the Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA test succeeded by Mann-Whitney test for pair wise comparisons. Difference in CFU of various concentrations over 6 months was seen using one way ANOVA test. Intergroup comparison of FS and IS was performed using a one way ANOVA test, followed by a post hoc Tukey's test for pair wise comparisons.
RESULTS
Repeated tests showed no leaching out of AgNPs from the denture base resin into the storage medium. All concentrations of AgNPs incorporated in resin showed inhibition of Candida growth. Intergroup comparison of FS and IS revealed highly statistically significant differences (F = 15.076, P < 0.01 and F = 28.266, P < 0.01) between the groups showing a reduction in strength.
CONCLUSION
The AgNPs of small scale dimension incorporated into the denture base resin imparted a strong antifungal effectiveness against C. albicans, which did not decline during the study period and did not cause any release of nanoparticles. 0.5% showed the best antifungal efficacy. This may prove to be a viable and highly effective treatment for the prevention of Candida associated denture stomatitis. However, the inclusion of these particles resulted in a decrease in both FS and IS, and this reduction was directly proportional to the percentage of added AgNPs, with 0.5% demonstrating the least IS and FS.
Topics: Polymethyl Methacrylate; Silver; Metal Nanoparticles; Antifungal Agents; Flexural Strength; Candida albicans; Materials Testing; In Vitro Techniques; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission
PubMed: 38650342
DOI: 10.4103/jips.jips_423_23 -
European Journal of Pharmaceutics and... Jun 2024Lipid-polymer nanoparticles offer a promising strategy for improving gene nanomedicines by combining the benefits of biocompatibility and stability associated with the...
Lipid-polymer nanoparticles offer a promising strategy for improving gene nanomedicines by combining the benefits of biocompatibility and stability associated with the individual systems. However, research to date has focused on poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) and resulted in inefficient transfection. In this study, biocompatible Eudragit constructs E100 and RS100 were formulated as lipid-polymer nanoparticles loaded with pDNA expressing red fluorescent protein (RFP) as a model therapeutic. Using a facile nanoprecipitation technique, a core-shell structure stabilised by lipid-polyethylene glycol (PEG) surfactant was produced and displayed resistance to ultracentrifugation. Both cationic polymers E100 (pH-sensitive dissolution at 5) and RS100 (pH-insensitive dissolution) produced 150-200 nm sized particles with a small positive surface charge (+3-5 mV) and high pDNA encapsulation efficiencies (EE) of 75-90%. The dissolution properties of the Eudragit polymers significantly impacted the biological performance in human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293T). Nanoparticles composed of polymer RS100 resulted in consistently high cell viability (80-100%), whereas polymer E100 demonstrated dose-dependent behaviour (20-90% cell viability). The low dissolution of polymer RS100 over the full pH range and the resulting nanoparticles failed to induce RFP expression in HEK293T cells. In contrast, polymer E100-constructed nanoparticles resulted in reproducible and gradually increasing RFP expression of 26-42% at 48-72 h. Intraperitoneal (IP) injection of the polymer E100-based nanoparticles in C57BL/6 mice resulted in targeted RFP expression in mouse testes with favourable biocompatibility one-week post-administration. These findings predicate Eudragit based lipid-polymer nanoparticles as a novel and effective carrier for nucleic acids, which could facilitate pre-clinical evaluation and translation of gene nanomedicines.
Topics: Humans; Animals; Nanoparticles; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Plasmids; Transfection; HEK293 Cells; Mice; DNA; Lipids; Polymers; Solubility; Particle Size; Polyethylene Glycols; Red Fluorescent Protein; Polymethacrylic Acids; Male; Acrylates
PubMed: 38643953
DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2024.114299 -
Journal of Proteome Research May 2024Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) is a widely employed technique in proteomics research for studying the proteome biology of various clinical...
Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) is a widely employed technique in proteomics research for studying the proteome biology of various clinical samples. Hard tissues, such as bone and teeth, are routinely preserved using synthetic poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) embedding resins that enable histological, immunohistochemical, and morphological examination. However, the suitability of PMMA-embedded hard tissues for large-scale proteomic analysis remained unexplored. This study is the first to report on the feasibility of PMMA-embedded bone samples for LC-MS/MS analysis. Conventional workflows yielded merely limited coverage of the bone proteome. Using advanced strategies of prefractionation by high-pH reversed-phase liquid chromatography in combination with isobaric tandem mass tag labeling resulted in proteome coverage exceeding 1000 protein identifications. The quantitative comparison with cryopreserved samples revealed that each sample preparation workflow had a distinct impact on the proteomic profile. However, workflow replicates exhibited a high reproducibility for PMMA-embedded samples. Our findings further demonstrate that decalcification prior to protein extraction, along with the analysis of solubilization fractions, is not preferred for PMMA-embedded bone. The biological applicability of the proposed workflow was demonstrated using samples of human PMMA-embedded alveolar bone and the iliac crest, which revealed anatomical site-specific proteomic profiles. Overall, these results establish a crucial foundation for large-scale proteomics studies contributing to our knowledge of bone biology.
Topics: Proteomics; Humans; Polymethyl Methacrylate; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Proteome; Chromatography, Liquid; Bone and Bones; Tissue Embedding; Reproducibility of Results
PubMed: 38634750
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.4c00046 -
Journal of Materials Chemistry. B May 2024A robust and easily manufactured high-strength and long-term release hydrazone-based isoniazid acrylic (HIA) bone cement is reported. The mechanical strength of HIA bone...
A robust and easily manufactured high-strength and long-term release hydrazone-based isoniazid acrylic (HIA) bone cement is reported. The mechanical strength of HIA bone cement is similar to that of normal polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) bone cement, far surpassing that of traditional isoniazid-containing antibiotic-loaded bone cement (INH bone cement). Isoniazid is connected to the bone cement through bioorthogonal hydrazone chemistry, and it possesses release properties superior to those of INH bone cement, allowing for the sustained release of isoniazid for up to 12 weeks. and studies also indicate that HIA cement exhibits better biocompatibility than INH bone cement. The results of this study not only signify progress in the realm of antimicrobial bone cement for addressing bone tuberculosis but also enhance our capacity to create and comprehend high-performing antimicrobial bone cement.
Topics: Isoniazid; Bone Cements; Animals; Hydrazones; Antitubercular Agents; Mice; Drug Liberation; Polymethyl Methacrylate; Materials Testing; Biocompatible Materials
PubMed: 38623831
DOI: 10.1039/d3tb02661b -
Analytical Chemistry Apr 2024Tremendous efforts have been made to develop practical and efficient microfluidic cell and particle sorting systems; however, there are technological limitations in...
Tremendous efforts have been made to develop practical and efficient microfluidic cell and particle sorting systems; however, there are technological limitations in terms of system complexity and low operability. Here, we propose a sheath flow generator that can dramatically simplify operational procedures and enhance the usability of microfluidic cell sorters. The device utilizes an embedded polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) sponge with interconnected micropores, which is in direct contact with microchannels and seamlessly integrated into the microfluidic platform. The high-density micropores on the sponge surface facilitated fluid drainage, and the drained fluid was used as the sheath flow for downstream cell sorting processes. To fabricate the integrated device, a new process for sponge-embedded substrates was developed through the accumulation, incorporation, and dissolution of PMMA microparticles as sacrificial porogens. The effects of the microchannel geometry and flow velocity on the sheath flow generation were investigated. Furthermore, an asymmetric lattice-shaped microchannel network for cell/particle sorting was connected to the sheath flow generator in series, and the sorting performances of model particles, blood cells, and spiked tumor cells were investigated. The sheath flow generation technique developed in this study is expected to streamline conventional microfluidic cell-sorting systems as it dramatically improves versatility and operability.
Topics: Humans; Cell Separation; Microfluidic Analytical Techniques; Porosity; Dimethylpolysiloxanes; Lab-On-A-Chip Devices; Polymethyl Methacrylate
PubMed: 38619911
DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c00485 -
International Journal of Molecular... Mar 2024In this study, binary amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs, fisetin-Eudragit) and ternary amorphous solid inclusions (ASIs, fisetin-Eudragit-HP-β-cyclodextrin) of fisetin...
In this study, binary amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs, fisetin-Eudragit) and ternary amorphous solid inclusions (ASIs, fisetin-Eudragit-HP-β-cyclodextrin) of fisetin (FIS) were prepared by the mechanochemical method without solvent. The amorphous nature of FIS in ASDs and ASIs was confirmed using XRPD (X-ray powder diffraction). DSC (Differential scanning calorimetry) confirmed full miscibility of multicomponent delivery systems. FT-IR (Fourier-transform infrared analysis) confirmed interactions that stabilize FIS's amorphous state and identified the functional groups involved. The study culminated in evaluating the impact of amorphization on water solubility and conducting in vitro antioxidant assays: 2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)-ABTS, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl-DPPH, Cupric Reducing Antioxidant Capacity-CUPRAC, and Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power-FRAP and in vitro neuroprotective assays: inhibition of acetylcholinesterase-AChE and butyrylcholinesterase-BChE. In addition, molecular docking allowed for the determination of possible bonds and interactions between FIS and the mentioned above enzymes. The best preparation turned out to be ASI_30_EPO (ASD fisetin-Eudragit containing 30% FIS in combination with HP-β-cyclodextrin), which showed an improvement in apparent solubility (126.5 ± 0.1 µg∙mL) and antioxidant properties (ABTS: IC = 10.25 µg∙mL, DPPH: IC = 27.69 µg∙mL, CUPRAC: IC = 9.52 µg∙mL, FRAP: IC = 8.56 µg∙mL) and neuroprotective properties (inhibition AChE: 39.91%, and BChE: 42.62%).
Topics: Humans; Acetylcholinesterase; Antioxidants; Butyrylcholinesterase; Molecular Docking Simulation; Solubility; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; Adenoma; beta-Cyclodextrins; Polymethacrylic Acids; Sulfonic Acids; Flavonols; Benzothiazoles
PubMed: 38612460
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073648 -
Clinical and Experimental Dental... Apr 2024To investigate the effect of common beverages on four currently used provisional restoration materials: Protemp®4, Integrity®, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) block,...
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the effect of common beverages on four currently used provisional restoration materials: Protemp®4, Integrity®, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) block, and acrylic resin. Flowable resin composite is included as a control group.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Each material was formed into disks of 10-mm diameter and 4-mm thickness (N = 40) by loading the material into acrylic molds. The exposed surface in the mold was covered using a glass slide to prevent an oxygen inhibition layer, and polymerization then proceeded. The solidified disks were placed in distilled water for 24 h. These samples (n = 8) were then immersed for 14 days in one of four different beverages: water, orange juice, cola, and coffee. Changes in color dimension, hardness, and roughness were observed and then analyzed using two-way repeated analysis of variance.
RESULTS
The provisional materials had more obvious changes in all three color dimensions than the flowable resin composite. Integrity showed the biggest changes, followed by acrylic resin and PMMA block, whereas Protemp had the smallest changes. The hardness of all the materials significantly decreased after immersion in any of the beverages for 14 days. There were no changes in surface roughness when the materials were immersed in distilled water. The surface roughness of the PMMA block significantly decreased in orange juice whereas that of Integrity and acrylic resin significantly increased in cola.
CONCLUSION
Different kinds of provisional materials had different degrees of staining due to their composition. Moisture had a significant influence on the hardness of materials, and the acidity of cola significantly roughened the surface of the provisional materials.
Topics: Polymethyl Methacrylate; Beverages; Acrylic Resins; Coffee; Water
PubMed: 38597122
DOI: 10.1002/cre2.842