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Current Oncology (Toronto, Ont.) Apr 2023Despite high incidence rates and severe complications, the management of xerostomia lacks clinical guidelines. The aim of this overview was to summarize the clinical... (Review)
Review
Despite high incidence rates and severe complications, the management of xerostomia lacks clinical guidelines. The aim of this overview was to summarize the clinical experience derived from the last 10 years of treatments and prevention using systemic compounds. Results showed that the cytoprotective drug amifostine, and its antioxidant agents, are the most discussed as preventive agents of xerostomia in head and neck cancer (HNC) patients. In the presence of the disease, the pharmacological treatments have been mainly directed to stimulate secretion of the damaged salivary glands, or to counteract a decreased capacity of the antioxidant system, in view of an increasing of reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, the data demonstrated low ability of the drugs, together with a great number of side effects, which strongly limit their use. Concerning traditional medicine (TM), valid clinical trials are so limited that neither the efficacy nor the absence of interferences to concomitant chemical therapies can be validated. Consequently, the management of xerostomia and its devastating complications remain a very significant void in daily clinical practice.
Topics: Humans; Radiation-Protective Agents; Antioxidants; Xerostomia; Amifostine; Medicine, Traditional
PubMed: 37232794
DOI: 10.3390/curroncol30050336 -
Research and Practice in Thrombosis and... May 2023Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a complication of COVID-19 in hospitalized patients. Little information is available on long-term outcomes of VTE in this population.
BACKGROUND
Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a complication of COVID-19 in hospitalized patients. Little information is available on long-term outcomes of VTE in this population.
OBJECTIVES
We aimed to compare the characteristics, management strategies, and long-term clinical outcomes between patients with COVID-19-associated VTE and patients with VTE provoked by hospitalization for other acute medical illnesses.
METHODS
This is an observational cohort study, with a prospective cohort of 278 patients with COVID-19-associated VTE enrolled between 2020 and 2021 and a comparison cohort of 300 patients without COVID-19 enrolled in the ongoing START2-Register between 2018 and 2020. Exclusion criteria included age <18 years, other indications to anticoagulant treatment, active cancer, recent (<3 months) major surgery, trauma, pregnancy, and participation in interventional studies. All patients were followed up for a minimum of 12 months after treatment discontinuation. Primary end point was the occurrence of venous and arterial thrombotic events.
RESULTS
Patients with VTE secondary to COVID-19 had more frequent pulmonary embolism without deep vein thrombosis than controls (83.1% vs 46.2%, <.001), lower prevalence of chronic inflammatory disease (1.4% and 16.3%, <.001), and history of VTE (5.0% and 19.0%, <.001). The median duration of anticoagulant treatment (194 and 225 days, = 0.9) and the proportion of patients who discontinued anticoagulation (78.0% and 75.0%, = 0.4) were similar between the 2 groups. Thrombotic event rates after discontinuation were 1.5 and 2.6 per 100 patient-years, respectively ( = 0.4).
CONCLUSION
The risk of recurrent thrombotic events in patients with COVID-19-associated VTE is low and similar to the risk observed in patients with VTE secondary to hospitalization for other medical diseases.
PubMed: 37229314
DOI: 10.1016/j.rpth.2023.100167 -
Giornale Italiano Di Nefrologia :... Apr 2023In this article we describe a case of acute kidney injury caused by ethylene glycol intoxication which partially reversed after temporary hemodialysis treatment. The...
In this article we describe a case of acute kidney injury caused by ethylene glycol intoxication which partially reversed after temporary hemodialysis treatment. The diagnosis was obtained after the patient's clinical history and the finding of ethylene glycol in the blood, numerous intratubular crystals at renal biopsy, and the presence of large amounts of atypical - spindle-like and needle-like - calcium oxalate crystals in the urinary sediment.
Topics: Humans; Ethylene Glycol; Acute Kidney Injury; Calcium Oxalate; Renal Dialysis; Kidney
PubMed: 37179477
DOI: No ID Found -
Foods (Basel, Switzerland) Apr 2023Fourth-range products are those types of fresh fruit and vegetables that are ready for raw consumption or after cooking, and belong to organic or integrated...
Fourth-range products are those types of fresh fruit and vegetables that are ready for raw consumption or after cooking, and belong to organic or integrated cultivations. These products are subject to mild post-harvesting processing procedures (selection, sorting, husking, cutting, and washing), and are afterwards packaged in packets or closed food plates, with an average shelf life of 5-10 days. Artichokes are stripped of the leaves, stems and outer bracts, and the remaining heads are washed with acidifying solutions. The A LC-MS/MS analytical method was developed and validated following SANTE guidelines for the detection of 220 pesticides. This work evaluated the distribution of pesticide residues among the fraction of artichokes obtained during the industrial processing, and the residues of their wastes left on the field were also investigated. The results showed quantifiable residues of one herbicide (pendimethalin) and four fungicides (azoxystrobin, propyzamide, tebuconazole, and pyraclostrobin). Pendimethalin was found in all samples, with the higher values in leaves 0.046 ± 8.2 mg/kg and in field waste 0.30 ± 6.7 mg/kg. Azoxystrobin was the most concentrated in the outer bracts (0.18 ± 2.9 mg/kg). The outer bracts showed the highest number of residues. The industrial waste showed a significant decrease in the number of residues and their concentration.
PubMed: 37174345
DOI: 10.3390/foods12091807 -
Jornal de Pediatria 2023Determine the frequency of dermatological diagnoses in preterm newborns up to 28 days of life and associated perinatal factors.
OBJECTIVES
Determine the frequency of dermatological diagnoses in preterm newborns up to 28 days of life and associated perinatal factors.
METHOD
a cross-sectional analytical study with a convenience sample and prospective data collection, was conducted between November 2017 and August 2019. Overall, 341 preterm newborns who had been admitted to a University hospital - including those admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit - were evaluated.
RESULTS
61 (17.9%) had less than 32 weeks gestational age (GA), with a mean GA and birth weight of 33.9 ± 2.8 weeks and 2107.8 ± 679.8g (465 to 4230g), respectively. The median age at the time of evaluation was 2.9 days (4 h to 27 days). The frequency of dermatological diagnoses was 100% and 98.5% of the sample had two or more, with an average of 4.67+1.53 dermatoses for each newborn. The 10 most frequent diagnoses were lanugo (85.9%), salmon patch (72.4%), sebaceous hyperplasia (68.6%), physiological desquamation (54.8%), dermal melanocytosis (38.7%), Epstein pearls (37.2%), milia (32.2%), traumatic skin lesions (24%), toxic erythema (16.7%), and contact dermatitis (5%). Those with GA< 28 weeks showed more traumatic injuries and abrasions, whereas those with ≥ 28 weeks had physiological changes more frequently, and those with GA between 34-36 weeks, had transient changes.
CONCLUSION
Dermatological diagnoses were frequent in our sample and those with higher GA showed a higher frequency of physiological (lanugo and salmon patch) and transient changes (toxic erythema and miliaria). Traumatic lesions and contact dermatitis were among the 10 most frequent injuries, reinforcing the need to effectively implement neonatal skin care protocols, especially in preterm.
Topics: Pregnancy; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Cross-Sectional Studies; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Birth Weight; Erythema; Gestational Age; Dermatitis, Contact; Intensive Care Units, Neonatal
PubMed: 37172615
DOI: 10.1016/j.jped.2023.04.005 -
Prehospital Emergency Care 2024Early pelvic binder placement in the field stabilizes pelvic fractures and tamponades potential hemorrhage within the pelvis. Despite known risk factors for pelvic... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
OBJECTIVES
Early pelvic binder placement in the field stabilizes pelvic fractures and tamponades potential hemorrhage within the pelvis. Despite known risk factors for pelvic fracture, it remains challenging to quickly triage and correctly apply a pelvic binder. We aim to develop a prediction model that exclusively uses prehospital criteria to inform the decision to place a pelvic binder.
METHODS
The trauma registry was used to identify all trauma patients admitted to an urban Level I trauma center between January 2013 and December 2017. Variables collected included patient demographics, mechanism of injury, prehospital vital signs, and the presence of a pelvic fracture. Participants were randomly assigned to a training group (70%) or a validation group (30%). Univariate analyses were used to identify significant predictors for use in multivariate predictive models.
RESULTS
A total of 8,480 (65% male; median age 49; median ISS 9) and 3,676 (65% male; median age 48; median ISS 9) trauma patients were randomly assigned to the training and validation groups, respectively. Univariate analysis showed significant likelihood of pelvic fracture associated with female sex, hemodynamic instability (initial systolic blood pressure < 90 mmHg), blunt injury type, specific mechanisms of injury (motor vehicle collision, motorcycle collision, pedestrian struck by motor vehicle, crushing injury, and riding an animal), impact location, and position in vehicle. Multivariate models adjusting for blunt type injury, hemodynamic instability, impact location, and position in vehicle showed that presence of two or more of these risk factors is significantly associated with presence of pelvic fracture.
CONCLUSION
Establishing select prehospital criteria for the empiric application of pelvic binders for patients in the field with blunt injuries, hemodynamic instability, frontal or side motor vehicle collision impact, and non-front seat passenger may improve outcomes among patients with pelvic fractures.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Middle Aged; Emergency Medical Services; Retrospective Studies; Fractures, Bone; Pelvic Bones; Wounds, Nonpenetrating; Vascular Diseases; Injury Severity Score
PubMed: 37171847
DOI: 10.1080/10903127.2023.2213316 -
Dalton Transactions (Cambridge, England... May 2023Two new complexes [Fe(Tp)(CN)(-CN)MnCl(HL)]·3DMF (1) and {[Fe(Tp)(CN)(-NC)Cu(HL)](ClO)}·6DMF (2) (HL =...
Experimental and theoretical magnetostructural studies on discrete heterometallic cyanide-bridged dinuclear FeMn and tetranuclear FeIII2CuII2 complexes bearing tripodal pyrazolyl borate and tetradentate phenolate-based ligands.
Two new complexes [Fe(Tp)(CN)(-CN)MnCl(HL)]·3DMF (1) and {[Fe(Tp)(CN)(-NC)Cu(HL)](ClO)}·6DMF (2) (HL = 2-((((1-methylbenzimidazol-2-yl)methyl)(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)amino)methyl)phenol and HL = 2-(((pyridin-2-ylmethyl)(quinolin-2-ylmethyl)-amino)methyl)phenol) have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis and IR and UV/vis spectroscopy. Structural analysis revealed that 1 is a discrete dinuclear coordination complex and 2 is a discrete tetranuclear coordination complex. In complex 1, each Mn is in a distorted octahedral MNOCl environment where coordination is satisfied by three nitrogen atoms and one oxygen atom of the ligand, and a chloride group and one nitrogen atom from cyanide. In complex 2, each Cu is in a distorted octahedral MNO environment where coordination is satisfied by three nitrogen atoms and one oxygen atom of the ligand, and two nitrogen atoms from two cyanides. Direct current (dc) variable-temperature magnetic susceptibility measurements on polycrystalline samples of 1 and 2 were carried out in the temperature range of 1.8-300 K. Investigation of the magnetic properties reveals the occurrence of weak antiferromagnetic coupling between the low-spin Fe ( = 1/2) ions and high-spin Mn ( = 5/2) ions in 1, while 2 exhibits ferro- and antiferromagnetic coupling between the metal ions in the tetranuclear CuII2FeIII2 unit. DFT calculations show ferromagnetic coupling in both complexes, although this appears to be weak in the case of complex 1. In addition, magnetostructural correlations reveal the magnetic behavior against Mn-N-C and Fe-C-N angles in 1 and Cu-N-C and Fe-C-N angles in 2.
PubMed: 37166056
DOI: 10.1039/d3dt00604b -
SAGE Open Medical Case Reports 2023Milia are common in children. They are small, keratinizing cysts that arise either as primary epidermoid cysts or secondary to other dermatoses, trauma or certain...
Milia are common in children. They are small, keratinizing cysts that arise either as primary epidermoid cysts or secondary to other dermatoses, trauma or certain medications. In the paediatric population, milia are most frequently congenital and resolve spontaneously. Infantile hemangiomas are relatively common in neonates. They typically arise within the first few weeks of life, undergo a proliferative phase in the first 6 months, then begin to involute at around 12 months of age. After involution, residual skin changes may be observed, such as telangiectasia, fibrofatty tissue and redundant skin. However, there is a gap in the literature regarding concomitant milia and infantile hemangiomas. We report a case of a 5-months-old female who presented with a large, segmental infantile hemangioma of the posterior neck with milia.
PubMed: 37077804
DOI: 10.1177/2050313X231164265 -
Recent Advances in Anti-infective Drug... Apr 2023An autoimmune inflammatory disease, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), predominantly affects the synovium joint lining, augmenting disability, early mortality, and socioeconomic...
BACKGROUND
An autoimmune inflammatory disease, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), predominantly affects the synovium joint lining, augmenting disability, early mortality, and socioeconomic difficulty. Therefore, current updates on pharmacological therapies are crucial for developing drugs to treat the disease at each stage.
OBJECTIVE
This review attempts to compile a thorough analysis of current developments in our knowledge of RA pathogenesis and disease-modifying drugs, with the aim of providing insights for next-generation RA therapeutics.
RESULTS
According to the literature, the most successful drugs for treatment techniques described so far in this include (cs) DMARDs (sub-class of DMARDs), tsDMARDS (targeted synthetic DMARDS), and bDMARDs (biological DMARDs). However, current pharmacologic therapy (consisting of biological, conventional, and creative views of small molecule anti-rheumatic drugs that treat the disease or DMARD) remains the cornerstone of rheumatoid arthritis treatment with which significant progress toward disease remission has been accomplished.
CONCLUSION
The pathobiology of RA involves cytokine messengers such as B and T-cells, and an intricate interplay of pro-inflammatory cytokines responsible for activating and developing effector cells, in turn, accountable for local disease and systemic symptoms. Despite the fact that the cause of rheumatoid arthritis is not known, new treatments have been created as a result of better approaches towards the biology of the disease. As they target molecules directly implicated in the genesis of rheumatoid arthritis, these drugs may be more effective, targeted, and less harmful in the short and long term than standard therapies.
PubMed: 37038682
DOI: 10.2174/2772434418666230406083149