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Microorganisms Jun 2024Different modifications of the standard bread recipe have been proposed to improve its nutritional and health benefits. Here, we utilized the Human Gut Simulator (HGS)...
Different modifications of the standard bread recipe have been proposed to improve its nutritional and health benefits. Here, we utilized the Human Gut Simulator (HGS) to assess the fermentation of one such artisan bread by human gut microbiota. Dried and milled bread, composed of almond flour, psyllium husks, and flax seeds as its three main ingredients, was first subjected to an protocol designed to mimic human oro-gastro-intestinal digestion. The bread digest was then supplied to complex human gut microbial communities, replacing the typical Western diet-based medium (WM) of the GHS system. Switching the medium from WM to bread digest resulted in statistically significant alterations in the community structure, encoded functions, produced short-chain fatty acids, and available antioxidants. The abundances of dietary fiber degraders , , and increased; levels of , , and decreased. These community alterations resembled the previously revealed differences in the distal gut microbiota of healthy human subjects consuming typical Mediterranean vs. Western-pattern diets. Therefore, the consumption of bread high in dietary fiber and unsaturated fatty acids might recapitulate the beneficial effects of the Mediterranean diet on the gut microbiota.
PubMed: 38930571
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12061189 -
Nature Microbiology Jun 2024Dietary intake of phytate has various reported health benefits. Previous work showed that the gut microbiota can convert phytate to short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), but...
Dietary intake of phytate has various reported health benefits. Previous work showed that the gut microbiota can convert phytate to short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), but the microbial species and metabolic pathway are unclear. Here we identified Mitsuokella jalaludinii as an efficient phytate degrader, which works synergistically with Anaerostipes rhamnosivorans to produce the SCFA propionate. Analysis of published human gut taxonomic profiles revealed that Mitsuokella spp., in particular M. jalaludinii, are prevalent in human gut microbiomes. NMR spectroscopy using C-isotope labelling, metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses identified a complete phytate degradation pathway in M. jalaludinii, including production of the intermediate Ins(2)P/myo-inositol. The major end product, 3-hydroxypropionate, was converted into propionate via a synergistic interaction with Anaerostipes rhamnosivorans both in vitro and in mice. Upon [C]phytate administration, various C-labelled components were detected in mouse caecum in contrast with the absence of [C] InsPs or [C]myo-inositol in plasma. Caco-2 cells incubated with co-culture supernatants exhibited improved intestinal barrier integrity. These results suggest that the microbiome plays a major role in the metabolism of this phytochemical and that its fermentation to propionate by M. jalaludinii and A. rhamnosivorans may contribute to phytate-driven health benefits.
PubMed: 38858593
DOI: 10.1038/s41564-024-01698-7 -
Carbohydrate Polymers Aug 2024Avicennia marina (Forssk.) Vierh. is a highly salt-tolerant mangrove, and its fruit has been traditionally used for treating constipation and dysentery. In this study, a...
Avicennia marina (Forssk.) Vierh. is a highly salt-tolerant mangrove, and its fruit has been traditionally used for treating constipation and dysentery. In this study, a pectin (AMFPs-0-1) was extracted and isolated from this fruit for the first time, its structure was analyzed, and the effects on the human gut microbiota were investigated. The results indicated that AMFPs-0-1 with a molecular weight of 798 kDa had a backbone consisting of alternating →2)-α-L-Rhap-(1→ and →4)-α-D-GalpA-(1→ residues and side chains composed of →3-α-L-Araf-(1→-linked arabinan with a terminal β-L-Araf, →5-α-L-Araf-(1→-linked arabinan, and →4)-β-D-Galp-(1→-linked galactan that linked to the C-4 positions of all α-L-Rhap residues in the backbone. It belongs to a type I rhamnogalacturonan (RG-I) pectin but has no arabinogalactosyl chains. AMFPs-0-1 could be consumed by human gut microbiota and increase the abundance of some beneficial bacteria, such as Bifidobacterium, Mitsuokella, and Megasphaera, which could help fight digestive disorders. These findings provide a structural basis for the potential application of A. marina fruit RG-I pectic polysaccharides in improving human intestinal health.
Topics: Pectins; Fruit; Avicennia; Humans; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Prebiotics; Fermentation; Molecular Weight
PubMed: 38763717
DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122236 -
Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases Apr 2024Cartilage-hair hypoplasia (CHH) is a rare syndromic immunodeficiency with metaphyseal chondrodysplasia and increased risk of malignancy. In this cross-sectional...
BACKGROUND
Cartilage-hair hypoplasia (CHH) is a rare syndromic immunodeficiency with metaphyseal chondrodysplasia and increased risk of malignancy. In this cross-sectional observational study, we examined HPV status and oral microbiome in individuals with CHH. Oral brush samples were collected from 20 individuals with CHH (aged 5-59 years) and 41 controls (1-69 years). Alpha HPVs (43 types) were tested by nested PCR followed by bead-based probe hybridization. Separately, beta-, gamma-, mu- and nu- HPV types were investigated, and a genome-based bacterial microbiome sequencing was performed.
RESULTS
We found a similar alpha HPV prevalence in individuals with CHH (45%) and controls (36%). The HPV types of individuals with CHH were HPV-16 (25%), 27, 28, and 78, and of controls HPV-3, 16 (21%), 27, and 61. Beta HPV positivity and combined beta/gamma/mu/nu prevalence was detected in 11% and 11% of individuals with CHH and in 5% and 3% of the controls, respectively. Individuals with CHH differed from the controls in bacterial microbiota diversity, richness, and in microbial composition. Individuals with CHH had lower abundance of species Mitsuokella sp000469545, Parascardovia denticolens, Propionibacterium acidifaciens, UMGS1907 sp004151455, Salinicola halophilus, Haemophilus_A paraphrohaemolyticus, Fusobacterium massiliense, and Veillonella parvula, and higher abundance of Slackia exigua.
CONCLUSIONS
Individuals with CHH exhibit similar prevalence of HPV DNA but different bacterial microbiota on their oral mucosa compared to healthy controls. This may partly explain the previously observed high prevalence of oral diseases in CHH, and regular oral examination is warranted.
Topics: Humans; Cross-Sectional Studies; Hair; Hirschsprung Disease; Human Papillomavirus Viruses; Microbiota; Osteochondrodysplasias; Papillomavirus Infections; Prevalence; Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases
PubMed: 38637854
DOI: 10.1186/s13023-024-03164-3 -
European Journal of Medical Research Feb 2024During normal pregnancy, changes in the gut microbiota (GM) in response to physiological alterations in hormonal secretion, immune functions and homeostasis have...
INTRODUCTION
During normal pregnancy, changes in the gut microbiota (GM) in response to physiological alterations in hormonal secretion, immune functions and homeostasis have received extensive attention. However, the dynamic changes in the GM during three consecutive trimesters of pregnancy and their relationship with glucose and lipid metabolism have not been reported. In this study, we aimed to investigate the dynamic changes in the diversity and species of the GM during three consecutive trimesters in women who naturally conceived, and their relationships with abnormal fasting blood glucose (FBG) and serum lipid levels.
METHODS
A total of 30 pregnant women without any known chronic or autoimmune inflammatory disease history before pregnancy were enrolled during the first trimester. Serum and stool samples were collected during the first trimester, the second trimester, and the third trimester. Serum samples were tested for FBG and blood lipid levels, and stool specimens were analyzed by 16S rDNA sequencing.
RESULTS
The abundance ratio of bacteroidetes/firmicutes showed an increasing tendency in most of the subjects (19/30, 63.3%) from the first to the third trimester. LEfSe analysis showed that the abundance of Bilophila was significantly increased from the first to the third trimester. In addition, at the genus level, the increased relative abundance of Mitsuokella, Clostridium sensu stricto and Weissella were potentially involved in the development of high FBG during pregnancy. The raised relative abundance of Corynebacterium, Rothia and Granulicatella potentially contributed to the occurrence of dyslipidemia during pregnancy.
CONCLUSIONS
There are dynamic changes in the GM during the three trimesters, and the alterations in some bacterium abundance may contribute to the development of high FBG and dyslipidemia during pregnancy. Monitoring enterotypes and correcting dysbiosis in the first trimester may become new strategies for predicting and preventing glucolipid metabolism disorders during pregnancy.
Topics: Pregnancy; Female; Humans; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Lipid Metabolism; Glucose; Dyslipidemias; Lipids
PubMed: 38347605
DOI: 10.1186/s40001-024-01702-0 -
Experimental Gerontology Mar 2024Research on the gut microbiota has emerged as a new direction for understanding pathophysiologic changes in diseases associated with aging, such as sarcopenia. Several...
BACKGROUND
Research on the gut microbiota has emerged as a new direction for understanding pathophysiologic changes in diseases associated with aging, such as sarcopenia. Several studies have shown that there are differences in the gut microbiota between individuals with sarcopenia and without sarcopenia. However, these differences are not consistent across regions and ethnic groups, and additional research is needed.
METHODS
In this study, we collected fresh fecal samples from 31 Uyghur individuals with sarcopenia and 31 healthy controls. We used 16S rRNA sequencing to obtain fecal base sequences and analyzed the diversity, composition and function of the gut microbiota.
RESULTS
There was no significant difference in alpha diversity between the sarcopenia group and the healthy control group (P > 0.05). There was a significant difference in beta diversity between the groups (P < 0.05). In the sarcopenia group, the abundances of Alloprevotella, un_f_Prevotellaceae, Anaerovibrio, Prevotellaceae_NK3B31_group, Mitsuokella, Prevotella and Allisonella were lower than those in the heathy control group, and the abundances of Flavobacteriales, Flavobacteriaceae, Catenibacterium, Romboutsia, Erysipelotrichaceae_UCG-003, GCA-900066575, Lachnospiraceae_FCS020_group, and un_f_Flavobacteriaceae were higher than those in the heathy control group. Linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) revealed that the microbial species in the control group that were significantly different from those in the sarcopenia group were concentrated in the genus Alloprevotella, while the species in the sarcopenia group were concentrated in the genus Catenibacterium. Functional prediction analysis revealed that D-alanine, glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism and transcription machinery, among others, were enriched in the sarcopenia group, which indicated that metabolic pathways related to amino acid metabolism and nutrient transport may be regulated to varying degrees in the pathophysiological context of sarcopenia.
CONCLUSIONS
There were significant differences in the composition and function of the gut microbiota between Xinjiang Uyghur sarcopenia individuals and healthy individuals. These findings might aid in the development of probiotics or microbial-based therapies for sarcopenia in Uyhur individuals.
Topics: Humans; Sarcopenia; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Aging; Bacteroidetes
PubMed: 38331300
DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2024.112376 -
MSystems Feb 2024Ruminal microbiota is gradually established after birth, while microbiota maturation could be highly diverse because of varied solid dietary accessibility. However, how...
Ruminal microbiota is gradually established after birth, while microbiota maturation could be highly diverse because of varied solid dietary accessibility. However, how the ruminal microbiota accreted from postnatal hay diets alters rumen epithelial development, and how this affects animal health remains largely unknown. Here, neonatal lambs were introduced to starchy corn-soybean starter or corn-soybean starter + alfalfa hay (AH) to investigate the influences of early life ruminal microbiome on rumen epithelial development using integrated 16s rRNA sequencing-metagenome-transcriptome approaches. The results showed that AH introduction elevated average daily weight gain, rumen weight and volume, rumen epithelial papillae length, and rumen muscle layer thickness. Meanwhile, the relative abundance of fibrolytic bacteria ( R-7 group, UCG-001, and ), acetate producer ( and and propionate producer was increased in the rumen content by AH supplementation ( < 0.05). Moreover, AH introduction decreased the relative abundance of total CAZymes, CBM, and GH and increased the abundance of KO genes related to volatile fatty acid (VFA) generation in the rumen content. AH lambs had a higher relative abundance of , , and ( < 0.05), while a lower relative abundance of , , , , , and ( < 0.05) in the rumen epithelial samples. Furthermore, these alterations in ruminal microbial structure and function resulted in ruminal epithelial cell proliferation and development pathways activation. In summary, AH introduction benefited ruminal fiber degradation and VFA generation bacteria colonization and promoted ruminal epithelial development. These findings provide new insights into ruminal microbial-host interactions in the early life.IMPORTANCEWhile it is established that a fiber-rich diet promotes rumen development in lambs, further research is needed to investigate the precise response of rumen microbiota and epithelium to high-quality alfalfa hay. Here, we observed that the inclusion of alfalfa hay led to a discernible alteration in the developmental trajectory of the rumen. Notably, there was a favorable shift in the rumen's volume, morphology, and the development of rumen papillae. Furthermore, ruminal microbial structure and function resulted in ruminal epithelial cell proliferation and development pathways activation, collectively provide compelling evidence supporting the capacity of alfalfa hay to enhance rumen development and health through ruminal micrbiota-host crosstalks. Our findings elucidate the functional response of the rumen to alfalfa hay introduction, providing new insights into strategies for promoting healthy development of the rumen in young ruminants.
Topics: Sheep; Animals; Medicago sativa; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Rumen; Animal Feed; Fatty Acids, Volatile; Sheep, Domestic; Ruminants; Microbiota; Weight Gain
PubMed: 38179946
DOI: 10.1128/msystems.01034-23 -
Current Research in Microbial Sciences 2024Spontaneous fermentation of flour enhances the nutritional potential of this hybrid cereal. However, the effect of consumption of sourdough bread (SDB) on gut health...
Spontaneous fermentation of flour enhances the nutritional potential of this hybrid cereal. However, the effect of consumption of sourdough bread (SDB) on gut health remains to be elucidated. This study investigated the effect of digestion and faecal fermentation of SDB compared to that of traditional baker's yeast (BYB) bread. After 24-h anaerobic faecal fermentation, both SDB and BYB (1% w/v) induced an increase in the relative abundances of , and genera compared to baseline, while concentrations of acetate and butyrate were significantly higher at 24 h for SDB compared to those for BYB. Integrity of intestinal epithelium, as assessed through trans-epithelial electrical resistance (TEER) assay, was slightly increased after incubation with SDB fermentation supernatants, but not after incubation with BYB fermentation supernatants. The SDB stimulated mucosal immune response by inducing early secretion of inflammatory cytokines, IL-6 and TNF-α, followed by downregulation of the inflammatory trigger through induction of anti-inflammatory IL-10 expression. Overall, our findings suggest that sourdough can modulate gut microbiota fermentation activity and positively impact the gut health.
PubMed: 38116184
DOI: 10.1016/j.crmicr.2023.100214 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2023Understanding the relationships between social stress and the gastrointestinal microbiota, and how they influence host health and performance is expected to have many...
Understanding the relationships between social stress and the gastrointestinal microbiota, and how they influence host health and performance is expected to have many scientific and commercial implementations in different species, including identification and improvement of challenges to animal welfare and health. In particular, the study of the stress impact on the gastrointestinal microbiota of pigs may be of interest as a model for human health. A porcine stress model based on repeated regrouping and reduced space allowance during the last 4 weeks of the finishing period was developed to identify stress-induced changes in the gut microbiome composition. The application of the porcine stress model resulted in a significant increase in salivary cortisol concentration over the course of the trial and decreased growth performance and appetite. The applied social stress resulted in 32 bacteria being either enriched (13) or depleted (19) in the intestine and feces. Fecal samples showed a greater number of microbial genera influenced by stress than caecum or colon samples. Our trial revealed that the opportunistic pathogens and were enriched in colonic and fecal samples from stressed pigs. Additionally, genera such as , , , , , and were found to be enriched in response to social stress. In contrast, the genera , , , , , , and were depleted. These depleted bacteria are of great interest because they synthesize metabolites [e.g., short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), in particular, butyrate] showing beneficial health benefits due to inhibitory effects on pathogenic bacteria in different animal species. Of particular interest are and , as their depletion was identified in a human study to be associated with inferior quality of life and depression. We also revealed that some pigs were more susceptible to pathogens as indicated by large enrichments of opportunistic pathogens of and . Generally, our results provide further evidence for the microbiota-gut-brain axis as indicated by an increase in cortisol concentration due to social stress regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, and a change in microbiota composition, particularly of bacteria known to be associated with pathogenicity and mental health diseases.
PubMed: 38029169
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1197371 -
Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal... Mar 2024The objective of this study was to evaluate various wheat supplementation levels on rumen microbiota and fermentation parameter in Tibetan sheep. A total of ninety ram...
The objective of this study was to evaluate various wheat supplementation levels on rumen microbiota and fermentation parameter in Tibetan sheep. A total of ninety ram with an average 12.37 ± 0.92 kg at the age of 2 months were randomly allocated to three treatments: 0% wheat diet (CW, N = 30), 10% wheat diet (LW, N = 30), and 15% wheat diet (HW, N = 30) on a dry matter basis. The experiment was conducted over a period of 127 days, including 7 days of adaption to the diets. Our results showed that sheep fed 10% wheat exhibited optimal average daily gain and feed gain ratio compared with HW group (p < 0.05). The serum alkaline phosphatase concentration was the lowest when fed the 10% wheat diet (p < 0.05), whereas serum aspartate aminotransferase concentration was the highest (p < 0.05). Both acetate and propionate increased with increase in dietary wheat ratio (p < 0.05), while a greater decrease in concentrations of NH -N was observed (p < 0.05). In rumen fluid, 3413 OTUs were obtained with 97% consistency. Phylum Firmicutes was the predominant bacteria and accounted for 49.04%. The CW groups supported significantly increased the abundance of Bacteroidetes (p < 0.05), as compared with the HW group. The abundance of Bacteroidales_UCG-001, Ruminococcus, and Mitsuokella possessed a higher relative abundance in HW group (p < 0.05). No differences in the bacterial community and fermentation parameters were observed between the sheep fed 0% and 10% wheat (p > 0.05). Ruminal bacterial community structure was significantly correlated with isobutyrite (r = 0.4878, p = 0.035) and valerate (r = 0.4878, p = 0.013). In conclusion, supplementation of 10% wheat in diet promoted the average daily gain and never altered microbial community structure and fermentation pattern, which can be effectively replace partial corn in Chinese Tibetan Sheep.
Topics: Animals; Sheep; Male; Triticum; Fermentation; Rumen; Tibet; Animal Feed; Diet; Bacteria; Dietary Supplements; Digestion
PubMed: 38014916
DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13907