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Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal... Mar 2024The objective of this study was to evaluate various wheat supplementation levels on rumen microbiota and fermentation parameter in Tibetan sheep. A total of ninety ram...
The objective of this study was to evaluate various wheat supplementation levels on rumen microbiota and fermentation parameter in Tibetan sheep. A total of ninety ram with an average 12.37 ± 0.92 kg at the age of 2 months were randomly allocated to three treatments: 0% wheat diet (CW, N = 30), 10% wheat diet (LW, N = 30), and 15% wheat diet (HW, N = 30) on a dry matter basis. The experiment was conducted over a period of 127 days, including 7 days of adaption to the diets. Our results showed that sheep fed 10% wheat exhibited optimal average daily gain and feed gain ratio compared with HW group (p < 0.05). The serum alkaline phosphatase concentration was the lowest when fed the 10% wheat diet (p < 0.05), whereas serum aspartate aminotransferase concentration was the highest (p < 0.05). Both acetate and propionate increased with increase in dietary wheat ratio (p < 0.05), while a greater decrease in concentrations of NH -N was observed (p < 0.05). In rumen fluid, 3413 OTUs were obtained with 97% consistency. Phylum Firmicutes was the predominant bacteria and accounted for 49.04%. The CW groups supported significantly increased the abundance of Bacteroidetes (p < 0.05), as compared with the HW group. The abundance of Bacteroidales_UCG-001, Ruminococcus, and Mitsuokella possessed a higher relative abundance in HW group (p < 0.05). No differences in the bacterial community and fermentation parameters were observed between the sheep fed 0% and 10% wheat (p > 0.05). Ruminal bacterial community structure was significantly correlated with isobutyrite (r = 0.4878, p = 0.035) and valerate (r = 0.4878, p = 0.013). In conclusion, supplementation of 10% wheat in diet promoted the average daily gain and never altered microbial community structure and fermentation pattern, which can be effectively replace partial corn in Chinese Tibetan Sheep.
Topics: Animals; Sheep; Male; Triticum; Fermentation; Rumen; Tibet; Animal Feed; Diet; Bacteria; Dietary Supplements; Digestion
PubMed: 38014916
DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13907 -
International Journal of Molecular... Oct 2023Microbiome dysbiosis is increasingly being recognized as implicated in immune-mediated disorders including multiple sclerosis (MS). The microbiome is modulated by...
Multiple Sclerosis-Associated Gut Microbiome in the Israeli Diverse Populations: Associations with Ethnicity, Gender, Disability Status, Vitamin D Levels, and Mediterranean Diet.
Microbiome dysbiosis is increasingly being recognized as implicated in immune-mediated disorders including multiple sclerosis (MS). The microbiome is modulated by genetic and environmental factors including lifestyle, diet, and drug intake. This study aimed to characterize the MS-associated gut microbiome in the Israeli populations and to identify associations with demographic, dietary, and clinical features. The microbiota from 57 treatment-naive patients with MS (PwMS) and 43 age- and gender-matched healthy controls (HCs) was sequenced and abundance compared. Associations between differential microbes with demographic or clinical characteristics, as well as diet and nutrient intake, were assessed. While there was no difference in α- or β-diversity of the microbiome, we identified 40 microbes from different taxonomic levels that differ in abundance between PwMS and HCs, including , , , , , and , all enhanced in PwMS, while several members of were reduced. Additional MS-differential microbes specific to ethnicity were identified. Several MS-specific microbial patterns were associated with gender, vitamin D level, Mediterranean diet, nutrient intake, or disability status. Thus, PwMS have altered microbiota composition, with distinctive patterns related to geographic locations and population. Microbiome dysbiosis seem to be implicated in disease progression, gender-related differences, and vitamin D-mediated immunological effects recognized in MS. Dietary interventions may be beneficial in restoring a "healthy microbiota" as part of applying comprehensive personalized therapeutic strategies for PwMS.
Topics: Humans; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Diet, Mediterranean; Vitamin D; Ethnicity; Multiple Sclerosis; Dysbiosis; Israel; Diet; Vitamins
PubMed: 37834472
DOI: 10.3390/ijms241915024 -
Food Research International (Ottawa,... Nov 2023Beer is a source of bioactive compounds, mainly polyphenols, which can reach the large intestine and interact with colonic microbiota. However, the effects of beer...
Beer is a source of bioactive compounds, mainly polyphenols, which can reach the large intestine and interact with colonic microbiota. However, the effects of beer consumption in the gastrointestinal function have scarcely been studied. This paper reports, for the first time, the in vitro digestion of beer and its impact on intestinal microbiota metabolism. Three commercial beers of different styles were subjected to gastrointestinal digestion using the simgi® model, and the digested fluids were further fermented in triplicate with faecal microbiota from a healthy volunteer. The effect of digested beer on human gut microbiota was evaluated in terms of microbial metabolism (short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and ammonium ion), microbial diversity and bacterial populations (plate counting and 16S rRNA gene sequencing). Monitoring beer polyphenols through the different digestion phases showed their extensive metabolism, mainly at the colonic stage. In addition, a higher abundance of taxa related to gut health, especially Bacteroides, Bifidobacterium, Mitsuokella and Succinilasticum at the genus level, and the Ruminococcaceae and Prevotellaceae families were found in the presence of beers. Regarding microbial metabolism, beer feeding significantly increased microbial SCFA production (mainly butyric acid) and decreased ammonium content. Overall, these results evidence the positive actions of moderate beer consumption on the metabolic activity of colonic microbiota, suggesting that the raw materials and brewing methods used may affect the beer gut effects.
Topics: Humans; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Beer; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Digestion; Polyphenols; Ammonium Compounds
PubMed: 37803545
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113228 -
Microorganisms Sep 2023Depression is a leading cause of disease worldwide. The association between gut microbiota and depression has barely been investigated in the Japanese population. We...
Depression is a leading cause of disease worldwide. The association between gut microbiota and depression has barely been investigated in the Japanese population. We analyzed Iwaki health check-up data collected from 2017 to 2019 and constructed generalized linear mixed models. The independent variable was the relative abundance of each of the 37 gut microbiota genera that were reported to be associated with depression. The dependent variable was the presence of depression assessed by the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. Potential confounders, including grip strength, gender, height, weight, smoking, and drinking habits, were adjusted in the regression models. Nine genera's regression coefficients (, , , , , , , , and ) showed statistical significance after multiple comparisons adjustment. Among these nine gut bacteria genera, , , , , , and were reported to be associated with butyrate production in the intestine. Our results indicate that gut microbiotas may influence the depression condition of the host via the butyrate-producing process.
PubMed: 37764129
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11092286 -
Microorganisms Jul 2023In vitro models for culturing complex microbial communities are progressively being used to study the effects of different factors on the modeling of in vitro-cultured...
In vitro models for culturing complex microbial communities are progressively being used to study the effects of different factors on the modeling of in vitro-cultured microorganisms. In previous work, we validated a 3D in vitro model of the human gut microbiota based on electrospun gelatin scaffolds covered with mucins. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of , a pathogen responsible for food poisoning diseases in humans, on the gut microbiota grown in the model. Real-time quantitative PCR and 16S ribosomal RNA-gene sequencing were performed to obtain information on microbiota composition after introducing ATCC 14579 vegetative cells or culture supernatants. The adhesion of to intestinal mucins was also tested. The presence of induced important modifications in the intestinal communities. Notably, levels of (particularly ), , and were reduced, while abundances of and increased. In addition, was able to adhere to mucins. The results obtained from our in vitro model stress the hypothesis that is able to colonize the intestinal mucosa by stably adhering to mucins and impacting intestinal microbial communities as an additional pathogenetic mechanism during gastrointestinal infection.
PubMed: 37512998
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11071826 -
The Journal of Nutrition Aug 2023Early intestinal development is important to infant vitality, and optimal formula composition can promote gut health.
BACKGROUND
Early intestinal development is important to infant vitality, and optimal formula composition can promote gut health.
OBJECTIVES
The objectives were to evaluate the effects of arachidonate (ARA) and/or prebiotic oligosaccharide (PRE) supplementation in formula on the development of the microbial ecosystem and colonic health parameters.
METHODS
Newborn piglets were fed 4 formulas containing ARA [0.5 compared with 2.5% of dietary fatty acids (FAs)] and PRE (0 compared with 8 g/L, containing a 1:1 mixture of galactooligosaccharides and polydextrose) in a 2 x 2 factorial design for 22 d. Fecal samples were collected weekly and analyzed for relative microbial abundance. Intestinal samples were collected on day 22 and analyzed for mucosal FAs, pH, and short-chain FAs (SCFAs).
RESULTS
PRE supplementation significantly increased genera within Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes, including Anaerostipes, Mitsuokella, Prevotella, Clostridium IV, and Bulleidia, and resulted in progressive separation from controls as determined by Principal Coordinates Analysis. Concentrations of SCFA increased from 70.98 to 87.37 mM, with an accompanying reduction in colonic pH. ARA supplementation increased the ARA content of the colonic mucosa from 2.35-5.34% of total FAs. PRE supplementation also altered mucosal FA composition, resulting in increased linoleic acid (11.52-16.33% of total FAs) and ARA (2.35-5.16% of total FAs).
CONCLUSIONS
Prebiotic supplementation during the first 22 d of life altered the gut microbiota of piglets and increased the abundance of specific bacterial genera. These changes correlated with increased SCFA, which may benefit intestinal development. Although dietary ARA did not alter the microbiota, it increased the ARA content of the colonic mucosa, which may support intestinal development and epithelial repair. Prebiotic supplementation also increased unsaturation of FAs in the colonic mucosa. Although the mechanism requires further investigation, it may be related to altered microbial ecology or biohydrogenation of FA.
Topics: Animals; Swine; Prebiotics; Microbiota; Oligosaccharides; Feces; Intestinal Mucosa; Lipids
PubMed: 37348760
DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.06.019 -
Intestinal Damages by F18 and Its Amelioration with an Antibacterial Bacitracin Fed to Nursery Pigs.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) May 2023This study investigated intestinal oxidative damage caused by F18 and its amelioration with antibacterial bacitracin fed to nursery pigs. Thirty-six weaned pigs (6.31 ±...
This study investigated intestinal oxidative damage caused by F18 and its amelioration with antibacterial bacitracin fed to nursery pigs. Thirty-six weaned pigs (6.31 ± 0.08 kg BW) were allotted in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were: NC, not challenged/not treated; PC, challenged (F18 at 5.2 × 10 CFU)/not treated; AGP challenged (F18 at 5.2 × 10 CFU)/treated with bacitracin (30 g/t). Overall, PC reduced ( < 0.05) average daily gain (ADG), gain to feed ratio (G:F), villus height, and villus height to crypt depth ratio (VH:CD), whereas AGP increased ( < 0.05) ADG, and G:F. PC increased ( < 0.05) fecal score, F18 in feces, and protein carbonyl in jejunal mucosa. AGP reduced ( < 0.05) fecal score and F18 in jejunal mucosa. PC reduced ( < 0.05) populations in jejunal mucosa, whereas AGP increased ( < 0.05) and reduced ( < 0.05) populations in feces. Collectively, F18 challenge increased fecal score and disrupted the microbiota composition, harming intestinal health by increasing oxidative stress, and damaging the intestinal epithelium, ultimately impairing growth performance. Dietary bacitracin reduced reduced F18 populations and the oxidative damages they cause, thereby improving intestinal health and the growth performance of nursery pigs.
PubMed: 37237906
DOI: 10.3390/antiox12051040 -
Microbiology Spectrum Jun 2023Small-scale studies investigating the relationship between pigs' intestinal microbiota and growth performance have generated inconsistent results. We hypothesized that...
Small-scale studies investigating the relationship between pigs' intestinal microbiota and growth performance have generated inconsistent results. We hypothesized that on farms under favorable environmental conditions (e.g., promoting sow nest-building behavior, high colostrum production, low incidence of diseases and minimal use of antimicrobials), the piglet gut microbiota may develop toward a population that promotes growth and reduces pathogenic bacteria. Using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, we sampled and profiled the fecal microbiota from 170 individual piglets throughout suckling and postweaning periods (in total 670 samples) to track gut microbiota development and its potential association with growth. During the suckling period, the dominant genera were and , the latter being gradually replaced by 1 as piglets aged. The gut microbiota during the nursery stage, not the suckling period, predicted the average daily growth (ADG) of piglets. The relative abundances of SCFA-producing genera, in particular , and , significantly correlated with high ADG of weaned piglets. In addition, the succession of the gut microbiota in high-ADG piglets occurred faster and stabilized sooner upon weaning, whereas the gut microbiota of low-ADG piglets continued to mature after weaning. Overall, our findings suggest that weaning is the major driver of gut microbiota variation in piglets with different levels of overall growth performance. This calls for further research to verify if promotion of specific gut microbiota, identified here at weaning transition, is beneficial for piglet growth. The relationship between pigs' intestinal microbiota and growth performance is of great importance for improving piglets' health and reducing antimicrobial use. We found that gut microbiota variation is significantly associated with growth during weaning and the early nursery period. Importantly, transitions toward a mature gut microbiota enriched with fiber-degrading bacteria mostly complete upon weaning in piglets with better growth. Postponing the weaning age may therefore favor the development of fiber degrading gut bacteria, conferring the necessary capacity to digest and harvest solid postweaning feed. The bacterial taxa associated with piglet growth identified herein hold potential to improve piglet growth and health.
Topics: Swine; Animals; Female; Weaning; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Bacteria; Feces
PubMed: 37022154
DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03744-22 -
Animals : An Open Access Journal From... Mar 2023Since citrus flavonoids have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, it was hypothesized that these compounds would become a suitable alternative to the use of...
Since citrus flavonoids have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, it was hypothesized that these compounds would become a suitable alternative to the use of therapeutic doses of zinc oxide at weaning. A total of 252 weaned pigs ([LargeWhite × Landrace] × Pietrain) were distributed according to BW (5.7 kg ± 0.76) into 18 pens (6 pens per diet, 14 pigs/pen). Three experimental diets for the prestarter (0-14 d postweaning) and starter (15-35 d postweaning) period were prepared: (i) a nonmedicated (CON) diet, (ii) a CON diet supplemented with zinc oxide at 2500 mg/kg, amoxicillin at 0.3 mg/kg and apramycin at 0.1 mg/kg (ZnO), and (iii) CON diet with the addition of a commercial citrus flavonoid extract at 0.3 mg/kg and amoxicillin at 0.3 mg/kg (FLAV). Pig BW, ADG, ADFI, and FCR were assessed on d7, d14, and d35. Samples of intestinal tissue, cecal content, and serum were collected on day seven (18 piglets). FLAV treatment achieved greater BW and ADG during the starter and for the entire experimental period compared with the CON diet ( < 0.05), whereas ZnO pigs evidenced intermediate results. Jejunum tissue analysis showed that pigs fed the FLAV diet overexpressed genes related to barrier function, digestive enzymes, and nutrient transport compared to those pigs fed the CON diet ( < 0.05). An increase in the abundance of bacterial genera such as , , and ( < 0.05) was observed in the FLAV compared with the CON and ZnO piglets. ZnO and FLAV increased the expression of TAS2R39, while ZnO pigs also expressed greater TAS2R16 than CON ( < 0.05) in the intestine. FLAV treatment improved the gut function, possibly explaining a higher performance at the end of the nursery period. Consequently, citrus flavonoids supplementation, together with amoxicillin, is a promising alternative to the use of zinc oxide plus amoxicillin and apramycin in weanling pigs, minimizing the use of antibiotics.
PubMed: 36978509
DOI: 10.3390/ani13060967 -
Journal of Animal Science and Technology Nov 2022In this study, () byproducts with high polyphenol content were fermented with -derived lactic acid bacteria ( GBL 16 and 17). Then the effect of -derived lactic acid...
In this study, () byproducts with high polyphenol content were fermented with -derived lactic acid bacteria ( GBL 16 and 17). Then the effect of -derived lactic acid bacteria fermented feed (-LAB fermented feed) with probiotics (, , Yeast) as a feed additive for pigs on the composition of intestinal microbes and the regulation of intestinal immune homeostasis was investigated. Seventy-two finishing Berkshire pigs were randomly allotted to four different treatment groups and 18 replicates. -LAB fermented feed with probiotics increased the genera , , , , spp., spp., and , which are beneficial bacteria of the digestive tract of pigs. Also, -LAB fermented feed with probiotics decreased the genera , , , , and , which are harmful bacteria. In particular, the relative abundance of the genera and increased by an average of 8.51% and 4.68% in the treatment groups and the classes Clostridia and genera decreased by an average of 27.05% and 2.85% in the treatment groups. In mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) and spleens, the mRNA expression of transcription factors and cytokines in Th1 and Treg cells increased and the mRNA expression of Th2 and Th17 transcription factors and cytokines decreased, indicating a regulatory effect on intestinal immune homeostasis. RC-LAB fermented feed regulates gut immune homeostasis by influencing the composition of beneficial and detrimental microorganisms in the gut and regulating the balance of Th1/Th2 and Th17/Treg cells.
PubMed: 36812041
DOI: 10.5187/jast.2022.e89