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Journal of Economic Entomology Jun 2024Pyriproxyfen (PPF) has been shown to affect the pupal stage and ecdysone levels in holometabolous insects, such as silkworms and mealworms. It remains unknown whether it...
Pyriproxyfen (PPF) has been shown to affect the pupal stage and ecdysone levels in holometabolous insects, such as silkworms and mealworms. It remains unknown whether it affects hemimetabolous insects with their hormone levels in insects lacking a pupal stage. In this laboratory study, bioassays were conducted to investigate the effects of varying doses of PPF on Aphis craccivora Koch (Hemiptera: Aphididae). Ultraperformance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) was used to determine the types and titers of juvenile hormone (JH) and 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E). Additionally, the effects of PPF on A. craccivora reproduction and molting, as well as its influence on relevant gene expression, were examined. The results revealed LC50 and LC90 values of 3.84 and 7.49 mg/l for PPF, respectively, after 48 h of exposure. The results demonstrated a significant reduction in the titer of JH III and a significant increase in the titer of 20E following treatment with PPF. However, there was no significant decrease observed in the titer of JH III skipped bisepoxide (JH SB3). A sublethal concentration of PPF was found to inhibit Krüppel homolog 1 (kr-h1) gene expression and reduce aphid reproduction, but it did not significantly impact ecdysone receptor expression and aphid molting. The results of this study demonstrate that PPF exhibits a lethal effect on aphids, thereby providing an effective means of control. Additionally, sublethal concentrations of PPF have been found to inhibit the JH in aphids, resulting in a decline in their reproductive ability and achieving the desired control objectives.
PubMed: 38935064
DOI: 10.1093/jee/toae141 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jun 2024is an essential species for freshwater economic aquaculture in China, but in the larval process, their salinity requirement is high, which leads to salinity stress in...
is an essential species for freshwater economic aquaculture in China, but in the larval process, their salinity requirement is high, which leads to salinity stress in the water. In order to elucidate the mechanisms regulating the response of to acute low-salinity exposure, we conducted a comprehensive study of the response of exposed to different salinities' (0‱, 6‱, and 12‱) data for 120 h. The activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase were found to be significantly inhibited in the hepatopancreas and muscle following low-salinity exposure, resulting in oxidative damage and immune deficits in . Differential gene enrichment in transcriptomics indicated that low-salinity stress induced metabolic differences and immune and inflammatory dysfunction in . The differential expressions of , , and genes indicated the inhibition of growth, development, and molting ability of . At the proteomic level, low salinity induced metabolic differences and affected biological and cellular regulation, as well as the immune response. Tyramine, trans-1,2-Cyclohexanediol, sorbitol, acetylcholine chloride, and chloroquine were screened by metabolomics as differential metabolic markers. In addition, combined multi-omics analysis revealed that metabolite chloroquine was highly correlated with low-salt stress.
Topics: Animals; Palaemonidae; Larva; Salt Stress; Transcriptome; Proteomics; Salinity; Gene Expression Profiling; Metabolomics; Oxidative Stress; Multiomics
PubMed: 38928514
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126809 -
International Journal of Biological... Jun 2024Cuticle proteins, in conjunction with chitin, compose the insect exoskeleton, and play a key role in the growth, development, and molting of insects. However, the...
Cuticle proteins, in conjunction with chitin, compose the insect exoskeleton, and play a key role in the growth, development, and molting of insects. However, the specific functions of most cuticular protein genes in the growth, development, and reproductive processes of the pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum) remain unclear. In this study, we have identified six cuticle protein genes in the pea aphid, namely ApCP7, ApCP10, ApCP19, ApCP19.8-like, ApCP35 and ApCP62. We found that the expression levels of six genes were highly expressed during the adult stage, and except for ApCP10, which is highly expressed in the pea aphid cuticle, other genes were highly expressed in the ovaries. Subsequently, we observed that the survival rate and fecundity of pea aphid were significantly lower than those of the control group after silencing ApCP7 and ApCP62 through RNA interference. Furthermore, when ApCP7 transcript levels were reduced, aphid encountered difficulties in molting, were smaller in body sizes, and exhibited a darker body color. These results indicate that ApCP7 and ApCP62 are involved in the development and reproduction of pea aphid, and could be used as RNAi targets for controlling pea aphid.
PubMed: 38925177
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133402 -
Marine Pollution Bulletin Jun 2024We investigated the distribution and effects of waterborne microplastic (MP) (polyethylene microspheres, 53-63 um) on the emergent model for ecotoxicology, the amphipod...
We investigated the distribution and effects of waterborne microplastic (MP) (polyethylene microspheres, 53-63 um) on the emergent model for ecotoxicology, the amphipod Parhyale hawaiensis, during 30 days of exposure. The following life-history traits were measured: (1) survival, (2) specific growth rate (SGR), (3) reproductive performance (precopulatory pairing behavior, fecundity, and time to release neonates), (4) molting frequency, (5) F1 newborn offspring survival and (6) MP bioaccumulation. No significant mortality or molt was seen in any of the treatments. MP caused a reduction in SGR, being more pronounced in females. The time for precopulatory pairing was 3-fold longer in amphipods exposed to MP. Fecundity decreased by 50 %, and the time to release juveniles was 6.7 days longer for amphipods exposed to MP. Finally, neonate survival decreased by 80 % after ten days of release. MP disrupts the reproductive mechanisms and triggers adverse effects on life history traits in P. hawaiensis.
PubMed: 38925027
DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116630 -
Insects May 2024Huanglongbing (HLB) is a systemic plant disease caused by ' Liberibacter asiaticus (Las)' and transmitted by . acquires the Las bacteria in the nymph stage and...
Huanglongbing (HLB) is a systemic plant disease caused by ' Liberibacter asiaticus (Las)' and transmitted by . acquires the Las bacteria in the nymph stage and transmits it in the adult stage, indicating that molting from the nymph to adult stages is crucial for HLB transmission. However, the available reference genomes are incomplete, and gene function studies have been limited to date. In the current research, PacBio single-molecule real-time (SMRT) and Illumina sequencing were performed to investigate the transcriptome of nymphs and adults. In total, 10,641 full-length, non-redundant transcripts (FLNRTs), 594 alternative splicing (AS) events, 4522 simple sequence repeats (SSRs), 1086 long-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), 281 transcription factors (TFs), and 4459 APA sites were identified. Furthermore, 3746 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between nymphs and adults were identified, among which 30 DEGs involved in the Hippo signaling pathway were found. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) further validated the expression levels of 12 DEGs and showed a positive correlation with transcriptome data. Finally, the spatiotemporal expression pattern of genes involved in the Hippo signaling pathway exhibited high expression in the testis, ovary, and egg. Silencing of the transcriptional co-activator () gene significantly increased mortality and decreased the cumulative molting. Our results provide useful information and a reliable data resource for gene function research of .
PubMed: 38921106
DOI: 10.3390/insects15060391 -
Dentistry Journal Jun 2024The aim of this study is to validate a minimally invasive surgical procedure to harvest palate periosteum as a source of tissue for mesenchymal stromal/stem cells. We...
The aim of this study is to validate a minimally invasive surgical procedure to harvest palate periosteum as a source of tissue for mesenchymal stromal/stem cells. We performed a standardized procedure to harvest the palate periosteum in ten subjects, which consisted of a 3 mm disposable punch and a Molt periosteal elevator to harvest a small full-thickness fragment of soft tissue at the hard palate area, between the upper bicuspids, 3 to 4 mm apical to the cement enamel junction. The one-third inner portion was fragmented, and following standard cell culture procedures, the adherent cells were cultured for three passages, after obtaining 70-90% confluence. Cell morphology analysis, flow cytometry analysis, and viability and osteogenic differentiation assays were performed. In all 10 cases, uneventful healing was observed, with no need for analgesic intake. The evaluation of cell morphology showed elongated spindle-shaped cells distributed in woven patterns. A high viability range was verified as well as an immunophenotype compatible with mesenchymal stem cell lineage. The differentiation assay showed the potential of the cells to differentiate into the osteogenic lineage. These results demonstrate that the minimally invasive proposed surgical technique is capable of supplying enough periosteum source tissue for stem cell culture and bone tissue engineering.
PubMed: 38920873
DOI: 10.3390/dj12060172 -
Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of... Jun 2024TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a member of the TNF superfamily that is capable of apoptosis induction selectively in tumor cells. Although TRAIL has...
TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a member of the TNF superfamily that is capable of apoptosis induction selectively in tumor cells. Although TRAIL has been harnessed in numerous clinical trials, resistance to TRAIL-induced apoptosis is a major challenge ahead of this therapy in various cancer models as well as in leukemia. Since histone deacetylases (HDACs) are known to affect drug resistance in malignant cells, the present study aimed to evaluate the potential of fisetin for sensitization of MOLT-4 and K-562 leukemic cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. The MOLT-4 and K-562 cells were treated with increasing concentrations of fisetin and its impact on the growth inhibition and apoptosis induction of TRAIL were evaluated by MTT and Annexin V/7-AAD assays. The impact of fisetin on the mRNA and protein expression levels of apoptosis regulatory genes such as BIRC2/c-IAP1, CFLAR/cFLIP, CASP3, CASP7, CASPP9, TNFRSF10A/DR4, TNFRSF10B/DR5, and BID were examined by PCR array, qRT-PCR, and flow cytometry. Pre-treatment of MOLT-4 and K-562 cells with fisetin reduced the IC50 of TRAIL in growth inhibition along with an improvement in apoptosis induction by TRAIL. The expression of the BIRC2 gene encoding antiapoptotic protein c-IAP1 downregulated in the fisetin-treated cells while the expressions of TNFRSF10A and TNFRSF10B encoding TRAIL death receptors increased. Fisetin demonstrated a potential for alleviating the TRAIL resistance by modulating the apoptosis regulatory factors and improving the expressions of TRAIL receptors that could facilitate the application of TRAIL in cancer therapies.
PubMed: 38918236
DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03101-y -
The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and... Jun 2024Steroids are potential anti-leukemia agents, and Epigynum auritum is a Yunnan folk medicine with high levels of androsterone, pregnane, and steroid derivatives. However,...
Steroids are potential anti-leukemia agents, and Epigynum auritum is a Yunnan folk medicine with high levels of androsterone, pregnane, and steroid derivatives. However, the underlying therapeutic mechanism of androsta-4,6,8,14-tetraene-3,11,16-trione (ATT), an androsterone isolated from Epigynum auritum, is not yet clear. This study aimed to explore the anti-leukemia mechanism of ATT using molecular biology, network pharmacology, and molecular docking technology. The cell viability results showed that ATT had an anti-proliferation effect in acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells (CEM/C1, MOLT-4, Jurkat, BALL-1, Nalm-6, and RS4;11). Further studies showed that ATT reduced the mitochondrial membrane potential in B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell lines (BALL-1, Nalm-6, and RS4;11) and induced cell cycle arrest in MOLT-4 and BALL-1. ATT induced BALL-1 cell apoptosis by activating Caspase 3/7 activity and causing DNA fragmentation. Network pharmacology results suggested that ATT exerts its anti-leukemia activity via the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. In addition, molecular docking analysis showed that ATT had high scores in docking with PTGS2, NR3C1, and AR. Western blotting results showed that ATT reduced the relative protein level of P-PI3K and P-Akt, thereby increasing the relative level of pro-apoptosis protein Bax and reducing the relative level of anti-apoptosis protein Bcl-2, the apoptosis downstream protein pro-caspase3, and cell proliferation-related proteins (P-GSK3B and CyclinD1). In conclusion, these results demonstrated that ATT could be a potential candidate drug with apoptosis-induction and cell cycle arrest effects for further investigation in acute lymphoblastic leukemia therapy.
PubMed: 38909867
DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2024.106573 -
Journal of Economic Entomology Jun 2024Molting is a key solution to growth restriction in insects. The periodic synthesis and degradation of chitin, one of the major components of the insect epidermis, is...
Molting is a key solution to growth restriction in insects. The periodic synthesis and degradation of chitin, one of the major components of the insect epidermis, is necessary for insect growth. MicroRNA (miRNA) have been implicated in molting regulation, yet their involvement in the interplay interaction between the chitin synthesis pathway and 20-hydroxyecdysone signaling remains poorly understood. In this study, soluble trehalase (Tre1) and phosphoacetylglucosamine mutase (PAGM) were identified as targets of conserved miR-8-3p and miR-2a-3, respectively. The expression profiles of miR-8-3p-SfTre1 and miR-2a-3-SfPAGM exhibited an opposite pattern during the different developmental stages, indicating a negative regulatory relationship between them. This relationship was confirmed by an in vitro dual-luciferase reporter system. Overexpression of miR-8-3p and miR-2a-3 by injection of mimics inhibited the expression of their respective target genes and increased mortality, leading to death in the pre-molting, and molting death phenomena. They also caused a decrease in chitin content and expression levels of key genes in the chitin synthesis pathway (SfTre1, SfTre2, SfHK, SfG6PI, SfGFAT, SfGNA, SfPAGM, SfUAP, SfCHS1, SfCHS1a, and SfCHS1b). Conversely, the injection of miRNA inhibitors resulted in the upregulation of the expression levels of these genes. Following 20E treatment, the expression levels of miR-8-3p and miR-2a-3 decreased significantly, while their corresponding target genes increased significantly. These results indicate that miR-8-3p and miR-2a-3 play a regulatory role in the molting of Sogatella furcifera by targeting SfTre1 and SfPAGM, respectively. These findings provide new potential targets for the development of subsequent new control strategies.
PubMed: 38894631
DOI: 10.1093/jee/toae123 -
International Journal of Molecular... May 2024NPC intracellular cholesterol transporter 1 (NPC1) plays an important role in sterol metabolism and transport processes and has been studied in many vertebrates and some...
NPC intracellular cholesterol transporter 1 (NPC1) plays an important role in sterol metabolism and transport processes and has been studied in many vertebrates and some insects, but rarely in crustaceans. In this study, we characterized NPC1 from () and evaluated its functions. Its total cDNA length was 4283 bp, encoding for 1344 amino acids. It contained three conserved domains typical of the NPC family (NPC1_N, SSD, and PTC). In contrast to its role in insects, was mainly expressed in the adult female hepatopancreas, with moderate expression in the ovary and heart. No expression was found in the embryo (stages CS-ZS) and only weak expression in the larval stages from hatching to the post-larval stage (L1-PL15). expression was positively correlated with ovarian maturation. In situ hybridization showed that it was mainly located in the cytoplasmic membrane and nucleus of oocytes. A 25-day RNA interference experiment was employed to illustrate the Mn-NPC1 function in ovary maturation. Experimental knockdown of using dsRNA resulted in a marked reduction in the gonadosomatic index and ecdysone content of females. The experimental group showed a significant delay in ovarian maturation and a reduction in the frequency of molting. These results expand our understanding of NPC1 in crustaceans and of the regulatory mechanism of ovarian maturation in .
Topics: Animals; Female; Palaemonidae; Ovary; Molting; Phylogeny; Amino Acid Sequence; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; Arthropod Proteins; RNA Interference
PubMed: 38892237
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116049