-
The Medical Journal of Australia Jul 2024To assess the effectiveness of the Cultural, Social and Emotional Wellbeing Program for reducing psychological distress and enhancing the social and emotional wellbeing...
OBJECTIVE
To assess the effectiveness of the Cultural, Social and Emotional Wellbeing Program for reducing psychological distress and enhancing the social and emotional wellbeing of Aboriginal women preparing for release from prison.
STUDY DESIGN
Mixed methods; qualitative study (adapted reflexive thematic analysis of stories of most significant change) and assessment of psychological distress.
SETTING, PARTICIPANTS
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women at the Boronia Pre-release Centre for Women, Perth, Western Australia, May and July 2021.
INTERVENTION
Cultural, Social and Emotional Wellbeing Program (two days per week for six weeks). The Program involves presentations, workshops, activities, group discussions, and self-reflections designed to enhance social and emotional wellbeing.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Themes and subthemes identified from reflexive thematic analysis of participants' stories of most significant change; change in mean psychological distress, as assessed with the 5-item Kessler Scale (K-5) before and after the Program.
RESULTS
Fourteen of 16 invited women completed the Program; ten participated in its evaluation. They reported improved social and emotional wellbeing, reflected as enhanced connections to culture, family, and community. Mean psychological distress was lower after the Program (mean K-5 score, 11.3; 95% confidence interval [CI], 9.0-13.6) than before the Program (9.0; 95% CI, 6.5-11.5; P = 0.047).
CONCLUSION
The women who participated in the Program reported personal growth, including acceptance of self and acceptance and pride in culture, reflecting enhanced social and emotional wellbeing through connections to culture and kinship. Our preliminary findings suggest that the Program could improve the resilience of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander in contact with the justice system.
Topics: Humans; Female; Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander; Adult; Mental Health; Western Australia; Program Evaluation; Psychological Distress; Qualitative Research; Middle Aged; Emotions; Prisoners; Stress, Psychological; Young Adult
PubMed: 38946642
DOI: 10.5694/mja2.52354 -
Predictors of Pain and Mood Disturbances Among Older People in Custody Using an interRAI Assessment.Journal of Correctional Health Care :... Jul 2024The population of people in federal custody in Canada is aging. Those in custody report experiencing poorer health and high rates of chronic health conditions. Two...
The population of people in federal custody in Canada is aging. Those in custody report experiencing poorer health and high rates of chronic health conditions. Two health concerns that are disproportionately higher among those in custody are mood disorders and pain. This cross-sectional study examined health indicators associated with pain and depressive symptoms among older people (50 years and above) from multiple facilities and security levels in federal custody in Canada. Participants were assessed using the interRAI Emergency Department Contact Assessment, which captures key health indicators. Chi square and logistic regression analyses were conducted to describe the population and identify health indicators associated with mood- and pain-related outcomes, respectively. Of the 1,422 participants in this study, the majority (55%) experienced pain and at least 1 out of 5 experienced depressive symptoms. Health indicators associated with depressive symptoms and/or pain were functional measures, including mobility, managing medication(s), and dyspnea. Depressive symptoms and pain are highly prevalent among older adults in federal custody. The relationship between functional health, depressive symptoms, and pain highlights the importance of interprofessional health care and biopsychosocial intervention(s).
PubMed: 38946596
DOI: 10.1089/jchc.23.06.0057 -
The American Journal of Psychiatry Jul 2024
Topics: Humans; Bipolar Disorder; Weight Gain; Antipsychotic Agents
PubMed: 38946281
DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.20240061 -
The American Journal of Psychiatry Jul 2024
Topics: Humans; Depressive Disorder, Treatment-Resistant; Medical Records
PubMed: 38946279
DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.20240377 -
The American Journal of Psychiatry Jul 2024
Topics: Humans; Pharmacogenetics; Mood Disorders; Cardiovascular Diseases; Mental Disorders
PubMed: 38946276
DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.20240428 -
The American Journal of Psychiatry Jul 2024
Topics: Bipolar Disorder; Humans; Antidepressive Agents
PubMed: 38946275
DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.20240411 -
The American Journal of Psychiatry Jul 2024
Topics: Humans; Brain; Multimodal Imaging; Neuroimaging; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Brain Mapping; Depressive Disorder, Major; Stress, Psychological
PubMed: 38946274
DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.20240400 -
The American Journal of Psychiatry Jul 2024
Topics: Humans; Bipolar Disorder; Weight Gain; Antipsychotic Agents
PubMed: 38946272
DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.20240061r -
The American Journal of Psychiatry Jul 2024Antidepressants are commonly used to treat bipolar depression but may increase the risk of mania. The evidence from randomized controlled trials, however, is limited by... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
OBJECTIVE
Antidepressants are commonly used to treat bipolar depression but may increase the risk of mania. The evidence from randomized controlled trials, however, is limited by short treatment durations, providing little evidence for the long-term risk of antidepressant-induced mania. The authors performed a target trial emulation to compare the risk of mania among individuals with bipolar depression treated or not treated with antidepressants over a 1-year period.
METHODS
The authors emulated a target trial using observational data from nationwide Danish health registers. The study included 979 individuals with bipolar depression recently discharged from a psychiatric ward. Of these, 358 individuals received antidepressant treatment, and 621 did not. The occurrence of mania and bipolar depression over the following year was ascertained, and the intention-to-treat effect of antidepressants was analyzed by using Cox proportional hazards regression with adjustment for baseline covariates to emulate randomized open-label treatment allocation.
RESULTS
The fully adjusted analyses revealed no statistically significant associations between treatment with an antidepressant and the risk of mania in the full sample (hazard rate ratio=1.08, 95% CI=0.72-1.61), in the subsample concomitantly treated with a mood-stabilizing agent (hazard rate ratio=1.16, 95% CI=0.63-2.13), and in the subsample not treated with a mood-stabilizing agent (hazard rate ratio=1.16, 95% CI=0.65-2.07). Secondary analyses revealed no statistically significant association between treatment with an antidepressant and bipolar depression recurrence.
CONCLUSIONS
These findings suggest that the risk of antidepressant-induced mania is negligible and call for further studies to optimize treatment strategies for individuals with bipolar depression.
Topics: Humans; Bipolar Disorder; Antidepressive Agents; Male; Female; Denmark; Adult; Mania; Middle Aged; Registries; Proportional Hazards Models
PubMed: 38946271
DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.20230477 -
Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi. Folia... 2024Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a psychiatric disorder that affects more than 300 million people worldwide and has a serious impact on society. Conventional... (Review)
Review
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a psychiatric disorder that affects more than 300 million people worldwide and has a serious impact on society. Conventional antidepressants targeting monoamines in the brain based on the monoamine hypothesis are known to take a prolonged time to be effective or less effective in 30% of MDD patients. Hence, there is a need to develop antidepressants that are effective against treatment-resistant depression and have a new mechanism different from the monoamine hypothesis. An increasing number of research groups including us have been establishing that pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) and one of its receptors, PAC1 receptor, are closely related to the etiology of stress-related diseases such as MDD. Therefore, it is strongly suggested that the PAC1 receptor is a promising target in the treatment of psychiatric disorders. We developed a novel, non-peptidic, small-molecule, high-affinity PAC1 receptor antagonists and conducted behavioral pharmacology experiments in mice to characterize a novel PAC1 receptor antagonist as a new option for MDD therapy. The results show that our novel PAC1 receptor antagonist has the potential to be a new antidepressant with a high safety profile. In this review, we would like to present the background of developing our novel PAC1 receptor antagonist and its effects on mouse models of acute stress.
Topics: Antidepressive Agents; Animals; Humans; Receptors, Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide, Type I; Drug Development; Depressive Disorder, Major; Molecular Targeted Therapy
PubMed: 38945904
DOI: 10.1254/fpj.24008