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Teaching and Learning in Medicine Jul 2024Clinical medicine's complexities and demands often surpass the scope of formal ethics and leadership training that medical schools and residency programs provide. The...
Clinical medicine's complexities and demands often surpass the scope of formal ethics and leadership training that medical schools and residency programs provide. The discrepancy between medical education and the realities of clinical work may contribute to ethical erosion among learners, namely, medical students and residents. Unlike traditional approaches to teaching professional ethics and leadership in medicine, rights-based (aspirational) pedagogies approach trainees as , whose work has moral value to themselves and others, who live with the ethical consequences of their professional choices, and whose work shapes their individual moral character. By incorporating teaching strategies that intentionally build learners' rights-based leadership through the development of moral courage, medical educators may counter important aspects of ethical erosion while promoting learner preparedness, outcomes, and well-being. Military teaching approaches offer a valuable example to medical educators seeking to create structured curricula that foster moral courage to promote rights-based leadership, given the high level of moral and managerial complexity present in both medicine and the military. Through a comparative analysis of professional ethics in the medical and military disciplines, this article explores the validity of applying precedents from military ethics and leadership education to medical training. Through arguments rooted in moral philosophy, military history, and military organizational research, we explore the expansion of rights-based teaching methods within the predominantly traditional and rules-based norms of medical education. In relating these findings to real-life clinical scenarios, we offer six specific, rights-based modifications to medical ethics curricula that have potential to promote morally courageous leadership and counteract the ethical erosion medical students and residents face.
PubMed: 38956858
DOI: 10.1080/10401334.2024.2369611 -
Nature Jul 2024
Topics: Trust; Humans; Education, Graduate; Ethics, Research; Research Personnel; COVID-19; Public Opinion
PubMed: 38956335
DOI: 10.1038/d41586-024-02131-z -
Anales de Pediatria Jul 2024To characterize safety incidents in paediatric emergency departments (PEDs): frequency, sources, root causes, and consequences.
OBJECTIVE
To characterize safety incidents in paediatric emergency departments (PEDs): frequency, sources, root causes, and consequences.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
We conducted a cross-sectional, observational and descriptive study in the PED of the Clinical University Hospital XX (blinded for review). Patients were recruited through opportunity sampling and the data were collected during care delivery and one week later through a telephone survey. The methodology was based on the ERIDA study on patient safety incidents related to emergency care, which in turn was based on the ENEAS and EVADUR studies.
RESULTS
The study included a total of 204 cases. At least one incident was detected in 25 cases, with two incidents detected in 3 cases, for a total incidence of 12.3%. Twelve incidents were detected during care delivery and the rest during the telephone call. Ten percent did not reach the patient, 7.1% reached the patient but caused no harm, and 82.1% reached the patient and caused harm. Thirteen incidents (46.4%) did not have an impact on care delivery, 8 (28.6%) required a new visit or referral, 6 (21.4%) required additional observation and 1 (3.6%) medical or surgical treatment. The most frequent root causes were health care delivery and medication. Incidents related to procedures and medication were most frequent. Of all incidents, 78.6% were considered preventable, with 50% identified as clear failures in health care delivery.
CONCLUSIONS
Safety incidents affected 12.3% of children managed in the PED of the HCUVA, of which 78.6% were preventable.
PubMed: 38955612
DOI: 10.1016/j.anpede.2024.06.006 -
Journal of Medical Ethics Jul 2024Considering public moral attitudes is a hallmark of the anticipatory governance of emerging biotechnologies, such as heritable human genome editing. However, such...
Considering public moral attitudes is a hallmark of the anticipatory governance of emerging biotechnologies, such as heritable human genome editing. However, such anticipatory governance often overlooks that future morality is open to change and that future generations may perform different moral assessments on the very biotechnologies we are trying to govern in the present. In this article, we identify an 'anticipatory gap' that has not been sufficiently addressed in the discussion on the public governance of heritable genome editing, namely, uncertainty about the moral visions of future generations about the emerging applications that we are currently attempting to govern now. This paper motivates the relevance of this anticipatory gap, identifying the challenges it generates and offering various recommendations so that moral uncertainty does not lead to governance paralysis with regard to human germline genome editing.
PubMed: 38955479
DOI: 10.1136/jme-2023-109801 -
CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association... Jul 2024
Topics: Humans; Female; Male; Gender Identity; Personal Autonomy; Transgender Persons; Canada; Human Rights
PubMed: 38955413
DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.230935 -
Issues in Mental Health Nursing Jul 2024
PubMed: 38954520
DOI: 10.1080/01612840.2024.2361332 -
Indian Journal of Public Health Apr 2024The WHO's World Health Day 2024 slogan, "My health, my right," has been unpacked through the lens of an evolving social epidemiological understanding. The operative part...
The WHO's World Health Day 2024 slogan, "My health, my right," has been unpacked through the lens of an evolving social epidemiological understanding. The operative part of the theme merely reiterates international positions that have been established for a long and is unable to adequately incorporate advances in the understanding of the central role that structural determinants play in the production of ill-health. Given the urgency of addressing Sustainable Development Goal and Universal Health Coverage goals, the reduction of health inequities through the promotion of social justice is as much a governance imperative as moral.
Topics: Humans; Social Justice; Global Health; Social Determinants of Health; Right to Health; World Health Organization; Health Inequities; Sustainable Development; Universal Health Insurance
PubMed: 38953828
DOI: 10.4103/ijph.ijph_478_24 -
Indian Journal of Public Health Apr 2024Literature being an expression of an author, its commodification historically has assigned a value to it primarily in terms of authorship credit. Arguably reproducing...
Literature being an expression of an author, its commodification historically has assigned a value to it primarily in terms of authorship credit. Arguably reproducing published content without attributing the requisite source, termed as plagiarism is ethically discrediting to this premise. However, simply weighing its proportion based on digitally assigned semantic similarity may not be completely justifiable in the present-day digital atmosphere. It should be noted that while technology can facilitate plagiarism detection, digitization by way of providing greater access to published content is also the facilitator of plagiarism. While the scientific community is often severe in its approach toward the act of plagiarism, there is still a lack of clarity around the code of conduct of the same as there are several grey areas related to such a misconduct on which the law remains silent. By revisiting the historical evolution of the credit of authorship and the copyright law this piece presents an analytical vista pertaining to plagiarism in a different light. By identifying the gaps in the present-day handling of these age-old concepts, one may find that there is an unmet need to revisit the legal aspects of handling cases of plagiarism taking into consideration the digital environment.
Topics: Plagiarism; Authorship; Humans; Copyright; Scientific Misconduct
PubMed: 38953827
DOI: 10.4103/ijph.ijph_1071_23 -
Microbial Genomics Jul 2024Several hundred ciliate species live in animals' guts as a part of their microbiome. Among them, (Trichostomatia, Pycnotrichidae), the largest described ciliate, is...
Several hundred ciliate species live in animals' guts as a part of their microbiome. Among them, (Trichostomatia, Pycnotrichidae), the largest described ciliate, is found exclusively associated with (capybara), the largest known rodent reaching up to 90 kg. Here, we present the sequence, structural and functional annotation of this giant microeukaryote macronuclear genome and discuss its phylogenetic placement. The 85 Mb genome is highly AT rich (GC content 25.71 %) and encodes a total of 11 397 protein-coding genes, of which 2793 could have their functions predicted with automated functional assignments. Functional annotation showed that can digest recalcitrant structural carbohydrates, non-structural carbohydrates, and microbial cell walls, suggesting a role in diet metabolization and in microbial population control in the capybara's intestine. Moreover, the phylogenetic placement of provides insights on the origins of gigantism in the subclass Trichostomatia.
Topics: Phylogeny; Animals; Ciliophora; Rodentia; Genome, Protozoan; Base Composition; Molecular Sequence Annotation
PubMed: 38953769
DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.001263 -
Child: Care, Health and Development Jul 2024In the digital age, bullying manifests in two distinct forms: traditional bullying and cyberbullying. Children's peer relationships are important predictors of bullying,...
BACKGROUND
In the digital age, bullying manifests in two distinct forms: traditional bullying and cyberbullying. Children's peer relationships are important predictors of bullying, and bullying in turn predicts peer relationships. However, few researchers have noted the bidirectional relationship between peer relationships and bullying.
METHODS
The present study used a two-wave cross-lagged longitudinal design to fill this gap. The potential sex differences were also examined in this relationship. The sample consisted of 527 Chinese children aged 8 to 12 years (M = 9.69, SD = .96; 53.5% female). Participants completed peer nominations for peer acceptance, peer rejection and social dominance, as well as self-reports of traditional bullying and cyberbullying.
RESULTS
Results showed that peer rejection at the first time point (T1) significantly and positively predicted traditional bullying perpetration, cyberbullying perpetration and cyberbullying victimization at the second time point (T2). Traditional bullying victimization at T1 significantly and negatively predicted peer acceptance and social dominance at T2. The results also revealed significant male and female differences. For instance, among boys, peer acceptance at T1 significantly and negatively predicted cyberbullying victimization at T2. In contrast, this relationship was not observed among girls. The present findings have important implications for understanding the cyclical relationship between peer relationships and bullying and providing practical guidance for improving peer relationships and reducing bullying.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Child; Peer Group; Bullying; China; Crime Victims; Interpersonal Relations; Longitudinal Studies; Sex Factors; Cyberbullying; Social Dominance; Child Behavior; East Asian People
PubMed: 38953565
DOI: 10.1111/cch.13302