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Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) Jul 2023NDM carbapenemase-encoding genes disseminate commonly among Enterobacterales through transferable plasmids carrying additional resistance determinants. Apart from the...
NDM carbapenemase-encoding genes disseminate commonly among Enterobacterales through transferable plasmids carrying additional resistance determinants. Apart from the intra-species dissemination, the inter-species exchange of plasmids seems to play an additional important role in the spread of . We here present the genetics related to the isolation of three species (, , and ) harboring the gene from a single patient in Greece. Bacterial identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing were performed using the Vitek2. Whole genome sequencing and bioinformatic tools were used to identify resistance genes and plasmids. harboring plasmids were found in all three isolates. Moreover, the plasmid constructs of the respective incomplete or circular contigs showed that the and its neighboring genes form a cluster that was found in all isolates. Our microbiological findings, together with the patient's history, suggest the in vivo transfer of the -containing cluster through three different species in a single patient.
PubMed: 37508302
DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12071206 -
Heliyon Jun 2023Raw, ready-to-eat (RTE) seafood products, such as ceviche, poke, and sushi, have experienced growing demand globally; however, these products have the potential to be...
Raw, ready-to-eat (RTE) seafood products, such as ceviche, poke, and sushi, have experienced growing demand globally; however, these products have the potential to be contaminated with foodborne pathogens. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of /coliforms, , and in ceviche, poke, and sushi dishes sold at the retail level in Orange County, CA, USA. Additional organisms detected during testing were also considered in the results. A total of 105 raw, RTE samples of ceviche, poke, and sushi were collected from restaurants and grocery stores in Orange County, CA. Samples were tested for and utilizing methods from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Bacteriological Analytical Manual (BAM). and total coliforms were enumerated utilizing 3 M Petrifilm plates. Overall, two samples (1.9%) were positive for generic with a range of 5-35 CFU/g. Coliforms were detected in 85 samples (81%), with a range of 5-1710 CFU/g. The average coliform levels in ceviche samples (259 CFU/g) were significantly higher than the levels in sushi samples (95 CFU/g), according to a Kruskal-Wallis H test followed by the Dunn test ( < 0.05). The coliform levels in poke samples (196 CFU/g) were not significantly different from those in ceviche or sushi. All levels of and coliforms were considered acceptable or satisfactory/borderline according to standards for RTE seafood. None of the samples tested positive for or ; however, other microorganisms were detected in 17 samples, including spp. and . The results of this study are novel in that they present data on the microbiological safety and quality of ceviche, poke, and sushi dishes sold at retail in the United States, as well as provide a comparison across the three categories of raw, RTE seafood.
PubMed: 37484407
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16862 -
Heliyon Jun 2023The gram-positive cocci is the most common pathogens of infective endocarditis (IE), and it is rarely induced by gram negative bacteria. Only one prior case has been...
BACKGROUND
The gram-positive cocci is the most common pathogens of infective endocarditis (IE), and it is rarely induced by gram negative bacteria. Only one prior case has been described, in which a patient reported with IE caused by , who suffered from multiple myeloma and received high dosages of corticosteroids, chemotherapy and immunomodulatory agents. IE is seldom diagnosed in patients without underlying valvular abnormalities. The most important risk factors of IE are intravenous drug abuse, implanted foreign material and central venous catheterization.
CASE SUMMARY
We describe a case of 34-year-old patient presented to the hospital with recurrent fever and pneumonia since 5 months. He was diagnosed with infective endocarditis with tricuspid vegetation by transthoracic echocardiography (TTE). Two blood culture tests demonstrated the growth of which was further confirmed by a NGS test, as well as a culture of vegetation from the tricuspid. All the evidence confirmed that was the causative pathogen of the endocarditis in this case. The IE in an immunocompetent patient without underlying valvular abnormalities had been cured with broad antibiotic therapy and surgical intervention.
CONCLUSION
This was a unique case of IE induced by an extremely rare agent in an immunocompetent patient without underlying valvular abnormalities. Broad-antibiotics with β-lactam enzyme inhibition should be used on time for induced IE with bacteraemia. The operation to curette the vegetation and repair the tricuspid was also an important way to cure the endocarditis in the patient without underlying valvular abnormalities and with repeated episodes of blood stream and lung infections.
PubMed: 37484222
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17069 -
Biofouling 2023Diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) are exacerbated by bacterial colonisation. Here, a high prevalence of was observed in DFU patients from an Argentinean hospital. was...
Diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) are exacerbated by bacterial colonisation. Here, a high prevalence of was observed in DFU patients from an Argentinean hospital. was frequently co-isolated with , , and . The effect of interspecies interactions on bacterial growth was investigated in mixed-species macrocolony biofilms developed in Lubbock-Glc-agar. Similar cell counts were found for and growing in mixed and single-species biofilms. An strain showed 1 Log higher cell counts in mixed biofilms with . Remarkably, strains showed 2 to 4 Log higher cell counts in mixed biofilms with . This effect was not observed in planktonic growth or biofilms developed in tryptic soy agar. The present findings reveal bacterial interactions that benefit in mixed-species biofilms, mainly with , in a medium that partially mimics the nutrients found in DFU.
Topics: Humans; Biofilms; Escherichia coli; Enterococcus faecalis; Diabetic Foot; Agar; Diabetes Mellitus
PubMed: 37482939
DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2023.2236949 -
Journal of Biomolecular Structure &... Jul 2023is a Gram-negative bacterial pathogen that causes bacteremia, urinary tract infections, intra-abdominal infections, chorioamnionitis, neonatal sepsis, and newborn...
is a Gram-negative bacterial pathogen that causes bacteremia, urinary tract infections, intra-abdominal infections, chorioamnionitis, neonatal sepsis, and newborn meningitis. To control this bacterial pathogen a total of 3565 putative proteins targets in were screened using comparative subtractive analysis of biochemical pathways annotated by the KEGG that did not share any similarities with human proteins. One of the targets, D-alanyl-D-alanine carboxypeptidase DacB [] was observed to be implicated in the majority of cell wall synthesis pathways, leading to its selection as a novel pharmacological target. The drug that interacted optimally with the identified target was observed to be Cefoperazone (DB01329) with the estimated free energy of binding -8.9 Kcal/mol. During molecular dynamics simulations; it was observed that DB01328-2exb and DB01329-2exb complexes showed similar values as the control FMX-2exb complex near 0.2 nm with better stability. Furthermore, MMPBSA total free energy calculation showed better binding energy than the control complex for DB01329-2exb interaction i.e. -31.50 (±0.93) kcal/mol. Our presented research suggested that D-alanyl-D-alanine carboxypeptidase DacB could be a therapeutic target and cefoperazone could be a promising ligand to inhibit the D-alanyl-D-alanine carboxypeptidase DacB protein of . To identify prospective therapeutic and vaccine targets in , this is the first computational and subtractive genomics investigation of various metabolic pathways exploring other therapeutic targets of experimental validation of the identified target D-alanyl-D-alanine carboxypeptidase and the design of its inhibitors is suggested to figure out the best dose, the drug's effectiveness, and its toxicity.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
PubMed: 37480259
DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2238088 -
International Microbiology : the... Apr 2024Morganella morganii is a bacterium belonging to the normal intestinal microbiota and the environment; however, in immunocompromised individuals, this bacterium can...
Clonal relationship, virulence genes, and antimicrobial resistance of Morganella morganii isolated from community-acquired infections and hospitalized patients: a neglected opportunistic pathogen.
Morganella morganii is a bacterium belonging to the normal intestinal microbiota and the environment; however, in immunocompromised individuals, this bacterium can become an opportunistic pathogen, causing a series of diseases, both in hospitals and in the community, being urinary tract infections more prevalent. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence, virulence profile, and resistance to antimicrobials and the clonal relationship of isolates of urinary tract infections (UTI) caused by M. morganii, both in the hospital environment and in the community of the municipality of Londrina-PR, in southern Brazil, in order to better understand the mechanisms for the establishment of the disease caused by this bacterium. Our study showed that M. morganii presents a variety of virulence factors in the studied isolates. Hospital strains showed a higher prevalence for the virulence genes zapA, iutA, and fimH, while community strains showed a higher prevalence for the ireA and iutA genes. Hospital isolates showed greater resistance compared to community isolates, as well as a higher prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extended-spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL)-producing isolates. Several M. morganii isolates from both sources showed high genetic similarity. The most prevalent plasmid incompatibility groups detected were FIB and I1, regardless of the isolation source. Thus, M. morganii isolates can accumulate virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance, making them a neglected opportunistic pathogen.
Topics: Humans; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Morganella morganii; Virulence; Community-Acquired Infections; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Urinary Tract Infections; Virulence Factors; beta-Lactamases; Microbial Sensitivity Tests
PubMed: 37479959
DOI: 10.1007/s10123-023-00400-x -
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases Jul 2023The world-famous markets of Marrakech, also known in Arabic as souks, harbor a vast diversity of reptiles that are sold for medicinal/magic/pet purposes or used for...
The world-famous markets of Marrakech, also known in Arabic as souks, harbor a vast diversity of reptiles that are sold for medicinal/magic/pet purposes or used for snake charming. This unique epidemiological context has never been studied considering the interactions of humans, reptiles, and zoonotic pathogens. Thus, the aim of this study was to identify the parasites and pathogens present in blood and feces associated with handled reptiles in the markets of Marrakech to assess the risk of zoonotic transmission within the reptile-human interface. Privately owned reptiles (n = 118), coming from vendors or snake charmers, were examined and blood and feces sampled. DNA was extracted and molecular screening (cPCR, nPCR, qPCR, dqPCR) was performed aiming to identify potentially zoonotic pathogens (i.e., Anaplasma/Ehrlichia spp., Rickettsia spp., Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, Coxiella burnetii, Babesia/Theileria spp., Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia spp., Leishmania spp., Cestoda). Overall, 28.9% (34/118) of reptiles were positive for at least one pathogen. In blood, Anaplasma spp. were detected in four snakes, with two Montpellier snakes positive for Anaplasma phagocytophilum, while Rickettsia spp. were detected in one Mediterranean chameleon and four puff adders. Leishmania tarentolae was molecularly detected in a Mediterranean chameleon and a Montpellier snake. In feces, the cox1 gene generated a myriad of sequences for nematodes, cestodes, fungi and bacteria. Importantly, Proteus vulgaris was identified from a Mediterranean chameleon. Cryptosporidium spp. nPCR yielded a positive sample (i.e., Cryptosporidium sp. apodemus genotype I) from a Moroccan worm lizard, as well as for bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa in an Egyptian cobra, and Morganella morganii from a puff adder. Results from this study demonstrated the risk of zoonotic transmission of microorganisms and parasites present in blood and feces from reptiles that are brought to the souks in Marrakech, Morocco, to be sold for medicinal purposes or used for snake charming, being in direct and straight contact with humans.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Cryptosporidiosis; Morocco; Cryptosporidium; Rickettsia; Parasites; Anaplasma; Snakes; Reptiles
PubMed: 37467211
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011431 -
Journal of Global Antimicrobial... Sep 2023Carbapenems are among the few effective antibiotics against multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae. This study aimed at characterizing the plasmid content and resistome...
OBJECTIVES
Carbapenems are among the few effective antibiotics against multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae. This study aimed at characterizing the plasmid content and resistome of clinical carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) recovered from 2016 to 2019 from hospitalized patients in Lebanon.
METHODS
Plasmid typing and whole-genome sequencing were used to study the genomic characteristics of 65 clinical CREs including 27 Escherichia coli, 24 Klebsiella pneumoniae, one Klebsiella quasipneumoniae, three Morganella morganii, three Citrobacter freundii, five Enterobacter hormaechei, and two Serratia marcescens.
RESULTS
bla (33.8%; n = 22) and bla-like genes were among the detected resistance determinants, with two isolates co-harbouring bla. Various bla variants, bla (16.9%; n = 11), bla (9.2%; n = 6), bla (9.2%; n = 6), and bla (4.6%; n = 3), different ESBLs, and AmpC β-lactamases were detected. Carbapenem resistance determinants were linked to a variety of incompatibility groups with IncFIB(K) (43.1%; n = 28) being the most prevalent, followed by IncFIA (40.0%), IncL (35.4%), IncX3 (32.3%), IncI1 (32.3%), and IncFIIK (29.2%).
CONCLUSIONS
We analysed the clonality and resistance determinants of 65 multidrug-resistant (MDR) Enterobacteriaceae recovered in the period from 2016 to 2019 from a large tertiary hospital in Lebanon. NDM variants, OXA-48, and OXA-181 were the most prevalent detected carbapenemases and were mostly linked to the dissemination of IncL, IncX3, and IncF. This study reinforces the need to track the spread and dominance of clinically relevant carbapenemase-encoding plasmids in healthcare settings.
Topics: Humans; Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae; Enterobacteriaceae; Escherichia coli; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Sequence Analysis
PubMed: 37437842
DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2023.07.004 -
Cureus Jun 2023Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae threaten infection treatment globally. This study aims to assess ESBLs-E prevalence and...
BACKGROUND
Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae threaten infection treatment globally. This study aims to assess ESBLs-E prevalence and multidrug-resistant organisms (MDR) in clinical specimens from Tabuk, KSA.
METHODS
A cross-sectional research was carried out in March-May 2023. A collective of 90 Enterobacteriaceae isolates were identified from clinical specimens. The specimen was identified by standard methods. The Enterobacteriaceae member was screed for ESBL production by screening and confirmatory as per the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI).
RESULT
was the most common isolate, followed by , , , and . Among the sample, the majority of isolates were from urine (47.8%) followed by pus (25.6%) and the least from other body fluids (6.7%). The showed the highest average antibiotic resistance (73.7%) among all the antibiotics used followed by (70.4%), (70%), (69.8%), and (69.4% both), and (68.8%). There was a 41.2% average reduction in ESBL positivity from phenotypic to confirmatory test results. The highest reduction was observed among (66.7%) and the least was observed in (17.1%).
CONCLUSION
Most of the ESBL-producing isolates were found mainly in blood and urine samples. The most frequent ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae were and . The best options for treating Enterobacteriaceae that produce ESBL are Amoxicillin, Amikacin, and Cefoxitin. ESBL-producing isotopes showed a high resistance rate to cefepime and cefotaxime compared to non-ESBL producers. It is of utmost importance to implement reliable infection control measures in healthcare institutions nationwide.
PubMed: 37431354
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.40183 -
Mymensingh Medical Journal : MMJ Jul 2023A hospital-acquired infection (HAI) is acquired in a hospital or other health care facilities. This is an extra burden in every unit of hospital as it increases the...
A hospital-acquired infection (HAI) is acquired in a hospital or other health care facilities. This is an extra burden in every unit of hospital as it increases the morbidity, mortality, cost of treatment and also duration of the hospital stays for the patients. This study aimed to find out the causative bacterial agents of HAI from different clinical samples and their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns. This was a cross-sectional descriptive study conducted in the Department of Microbiology and Virology, Sylhet MAG Osmani Medical College, in collaboration with in-patient departments of Sylhet MAG Osmani Medical College Hospital from January 2019 to December 2019. A total of 123 patients of different ages, sex were enrolled in this study. Samples were collected from postoperative wounds, post catheterized urinary tract infections, diabetic wounds and intravenous cannula from Surgery ward, Medicine ward and Obstetrics & Gynecology ward. Standard laboratory procedures were applied to isolate and identify the bacteria. The identified organisms were then tested for anti biogram. Among 123 patients 46 (37.4%) were affected by hospital acquired infections. Higher prevalence (n=28, 60.87%) of HAI was found in Surgery ward and the lower prevalence (n=9, 19.56%) was found in Medicine ward and Obstetrics & Gynecology ward. The most common type of infection was surgical wound infection (20, 43.48%). Out of all the HAIs irrespective of source and site, highest number were done by Staphylococcus aureus (15, 30.61%) followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (08, 16.33%), Escherichia coli (07, 14.29%), Serratia spp. (05, 6.12%), Aeromonas spp. (05, 6.12%), Acinetobacter spp. (02, 4.08%), Proteus spp. (02, 4.08%), Citrobacter spp. (02, 4.08%), Klebsiella spp. (02, 4.08%), CoNS (02, 4.08%), Enterobacter spp. (01, 2.04%) and Morganella morganii (01, 2.04%). The antimicrobial susceptibility data suggested that Gram positive bacteria are more susceptible to doxycycline, vancomycin and linezolid; while Gram negative bacteria were more susceptible to imipenem, levofloxacin and meropenem.
Topics: Female; Pregnancy; Humans; Cross-Sectional Studies; Tertiary Care Centers; Bangladesh; Staphylococcal Infections; Escherichia coli; Anti-Infective Agents
PubMed: 37391975
DOI: No ID Found