-
Mutation Research. Genetic Toxicology... 2024Wastewater released by textile dyeing industries is a major source of pollution. Untreated wastewater released from indigo dyeing operations affects aquatic ecosystems...
Wastewater released by textile dyeing industries is a major source of pollution. Untreated wastewater released from indigo dyeing operations affects aquatic ecosystems and threatens their biodiversity. We have assessed the toxicity of natural and synthetic indigo dye in zebrafish embryos, using the endpoints of teratogenicity, genotoxicity, and histopathology. The zebrafish embryo toxicity test (ZFET) was conducted, exposing embryos to ten concentrations of natural and synthetic indigo dyes; the 96-hour LC values were approximately 350 and 300 mg/L, respectively. Both dyes were teratogenic, causing egg coagulation, tail detachment, yolk sac edema, pericardial edema, and tail bend, with no significant difference in effects between the natural and synthetic dyes. Both dyes were genotoxic (using comet assay for DNA damage). Real-time RT-PCR studies showed upregulation of the DNA-repair genes FEN1 and ERCC1. Severe histological changes were seen in zebrafish larvae following exposure to the dyes. Our results show that indigo dyes may be teratogenic and genotoxic to aquatic organisms, underscoring the need for development of sustainable practices and policies for mitigating the environmental impacts of textile dyeing.
Topics: Animals; Zebrafish; Embryo, Nonmammalian; Coloring Agents; DNA Damage; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Teratogens; Indigo Carmine; Mutagenicity Tests; Comet Assay
PubMed: 38821665
DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2024.503752 -
Chemosphere Aug 2024Plastic polymers were largely added with chemical substances to be utilized in the items and product manufacturing. The leachability of these substances is a matter of...
Plastic polymers were largely added with chemical substances to be utilized in the items and product manufacturing. The leachability of these substances is a matter of concern given the wide amount of plastic waste, particularly in terrestrial environments, where soil represents a sink for these novel contaminants and a possible pathway of human health risk. In this study, we integrated genetic, molecular, and behavioral approaches to comparatively evaluate toxicological effects of plastic leachates, virgin and oxodegradable polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene (PE), in Drosophila melanogaster, a novel in vivo model organism for environmental monitoring studies and (eco)toxicological research. The results of this study revealed that while conventional toxicological endpoints such as developmental times and longevity remain largely unaffected, exposure to plastic leachates induces chromosomal abnormalities and transposable element (TE) activation in neural tissues. The combined effects of DNA damage and TE mobilization contribute to genome instability and increase the likelihood of LOH events, thus potentiating tumor growth and metastatic behavior ofRas clones. Collectively, these findings indicate that plastic leachates exert genotoxic effects in Drosophila thus highlighting potential risks associated with leachate-related plastic pollution and their implications for ecosystems and human health.
Topics: Animals; Drosophila melanogaster; DNA Damage; Plastics; Polypropylenes; Polyethylene; Chromosome Aberrations; Environmental Monitoring; Mutagens; DNA Transposable Elements; Mutagenicity Tests
PubMed: 38821133
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142440 -
Food and Chemical Toxicology : An... Jul 20244-Hexen-1-ol, 5-methyl-2-(1-methylethenyl)- was evaluated for genotoxicity, repeated dose toxicity, reproductive toxicity, local respiratory toxicity,... (Review)
Review
4-Hexen-1-ol, 5-methyl-2-(1-methylethenyl)- was evaluated for genotoxicity, repeated dose toxicity, reproductive toxicity, local respiratory toxicity, photoirritation/photoallergenicity, skin sensitization, and environmental safety. Data show that 4-hexen-1-ol, 5-methyl-2-(1-methylethenyl)- is not genotoxic. The repeated dose, reproductive, and local respiratory toxicity endpoints were evaluated using the Threshold of Toxicological Concern (TTC) for a Cramer Class I material, and the exposure to 4-hexen-1-ol, 5-methyl-2-(1-methylethenyl)- is below the TTC (0.03 mg/kg/day, 0.03 mg/kg/day, and 1.4 mg/day, respectively). Data from read-across analog 3-methylbut-3-en-1-ol (CAS # 763-32-6) show that there are no safety concerns for 4-hexen-1-ol, 5-methyl-2-(1-methylethenyl)- for skin sensitization under the current declared levels of use. The photoirritation/photoallergenicity endpoints were evaluated based on ultraviolet/visible (UV/Vis) spectra; 4-hexen-1-ol, 5-methyl-2-(1-methylethenyl)- is not expected to be photoirritating/photoallergenic. The environmental endpoints were evaluated; 4-hexen-1-ol, 5-methyl-2-(1-methylethenyl)- was found not to be Persistent, Bioaccumulative, and Toxic (PBT) as per the International Fragrance Association (IFRA) Environmental Standards, and its risk quotients, based on its current volume of use (VoU) in Europe and North America (i.e., Predicted Environmental Concentration/Predicted No Effect Concentration [PEC/PNEC]), are <1.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Hexanols; Mutagenicity Tests; Odorants; Perfume; Risk Assessment; Toxicity Tests
PubMed: 38810943
DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2024.114765 -
PloS One 2024This study aims to investigate if high-concentration HOCl fogging disinfection causes cytotoxicity and genotoxicity to cultured primary human skin fibroblasts. The cells...
This study aims to investigate if high-concentration HOCl fogging disinfection causes cytotoxicity and genotoxicity to cultured primary human skin fibroblasts. The cells were exposed to a dry fog of HOCl produced from solutions with a concentration of 300 ppm (5.72 mM) or 500 ppm (9.53 mM). After four times when fibroblasts were exposed to aerosolized HOCl at a concentration of 500 ppm for 9 minutes, significant cytotoxicity and genotoxicity effects were observed. Significant changes in the morphology of fibroblasts and cell death due to membrane disruption were observed, independent of the number of exposures. Flow cytometry analyses performed under these experimental conditions indicated a decrease in the number of cells with an intact cell membrane in the exposed samples compared to the sham samples, dropping to 49.1% of the total cells. Additionally, under the same conditions, the neutral comet assay results demonstrated significant DNA damage in the exposed cells. However, no analogous damages were found when the cells were exposed to aerosolized HOCl generated from a 300-ppm solution for 3 minutes, whether once or four times. Therefore, we have concluded that aerosolized HOCl in dry fog, with a concentration exceeding 300 ppm, can cause cytotoxic and genotoxic effects on human skin fibroblasts.
Topics: Humans; Fibroblasts; Hypochlorous Acid; DNA Damage; Cells, Cultured; Comet Assay; Skin; Aerosols; Cell Survival
PubMed: 38809935
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0304602 -
Anais Da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias 2024In recent years, the use of pesticides has increased considerably for pest control and to improve agricultural production. The rural areas of several municipalities of...
In recent years, the use of pesticides has increased considerably for pest control and to improve agricultural production. The rural areas of several municipalities of department of Cordoba, north of Colombia, are highly dependent on agriculture. In this study, a questionnaire and field observations about pesticide use and genotoxic damage through the comet assay in peripheral blood lymphocytes of children who live near crop fields was evaluated. Damage Index for Comet Assay (DICA) of five children populations exposed to pesticides (mean of 94.73±53.95 for the municipality of Monteria, the higher damage in this study) were significantly Higher than control children population (mean of 7.56±7.39). Results showed the damage index in children exposed group was higher than in the control group. An inadequate management of pesticides, as well as incorrect disposal of toxic wastes was observed in the study zone.
Topics: Humans; Colombia; Child; Pesticides; Comet Assay; Male; Agriculture; Female; Environmental Exposure; DNA Damage; Rural Population; Child, Preschool; Surveys and Questionnaires; Adolescent; Lymphocytes; Case-Control Studies
PubMed: 38808810
DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202420221111 -
Journal of Toxicology and Environmental... Aug 2024, popularly known as "embiratanha," is widely used by traditional communities as anti-inflammatory and analgesic agent. This study aimed to determine the phytochemical...
Phytochemical profile and determination of cytotoxicity, acute oral toxicity, genotoxicity, and mutagenicity of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of (A. St.-Hil.) A. Robyns.
, popularly known as "embiratanha," is widely used by traditional communities as anti-inflammatory and analgesic agent. This study aimed to determine the phytochemical profile as well as cytotoxicity, acute oral toxicity, genotoxicity, and mutagenicity attributed to exposure to aqueous (AqEx) and ethanolic (EtEx) extracts of embiratanha bark. Phytochemical screening was conducted using thin-layer chromatography (TLC). Cell viability was analyzed using MTT assay with human mammary gland adenocarcinoma (MDA-MB-231) and macrophage (J774A.1) cell lines, exposed to concentrations of 12.5, 25, 50, or 100 µg/ml of either extract. For acute oral toxicity, comet assay and micronucleus (MN) tests, a single dose of 2,000 mg/kg of either extract was administered orally to Wistar rats. TLC analysis identified classes of metabolites in the extracts, including cinnamic acid derivatives, flavonoids, hydrolyzable tannins, condensed tannins, coumarins, and terpenes/steroids. In the cytotoxicity assay, the varying concentrations of extracts derived from embiratanha induced no significant alterations in the viability of MDA-MB-231 cells. The lowest concentration of EtEx significantly increased macrophage J774A.1 viability. However, the higher concentrations of AqEx markedly lowered macrophage J774A.1 viability. Animals exhibited no toxicity in the parameters analyzed in acute oral toxicity, comet assay, and MN tests. Further, EtEx promoted a significant reduction in DNA damage index and DNA damage frequency utilizing the comet assay, while the group treated with AqEx exhibited no marked differences. Thus, data demonstrated that AqEx or EtEx of embiratanha may be considered safe at a dose of 2,000 mg/kg orgally under our experimental conditions tested.
Topics: Plant Extracts; Animals; Humans; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Cell Line, Tumor; Male; Comet Assay; Micronucleus Tests; Female; Cell Survival; Phytochemicals; Mice; Plant Bark; Mutagens; Mutagenicity Tests; Ethanol
PubMed: 38808737
DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2024.2358352 -
Journal of Toxicology and Environmental... Aug 2024The present study aimed to determine the genoprotective activity and safety of leave and stem extracts against cyclophosphamide (CP)-induced genotoxicity utilizing...
The present study aimed to determine the genoprotective activity and safety of leave and stem extracts against cyclophosphamide (CP)-induced genotoxicity utilizing Swiss albino mice. Animals were divided into 14 groups for subacute treatment with either or extracts daily for 28 days. The extract doses selected were 100, 200 or 400 mg/kg b.w administered orally alone or combined with CP (50 mg/kg b.w. intraperitoneally daily for 5 days). Analyses performed included the comet assay, micronucleus test (MN) in bone marrow cells and sperm head abnormality assay (SHA). and extracts induced no significant genotoxic effects on somatic and germ cells. In contrast, for all cells examined and extracts inhibited DNA damage initiated by CP. Taken together data demonstrated that both plant extracts did not exhibit marked genotoxic effects but displayed potential chemoprotective properties against CP-induced genotoxicity in Swiss mice.
Topics: Animals; Tinospora; Mice; Cyclophosphamide; Moringa oleifera; Plant Extracts; Male; Plant Leaves; Micronucleus Tests; DNA Damage; Comet Assay; Plant Stems; Bone Marrow; Bone Marrow Cells; Mutagens; Antimutagenic Agents
PubMed: 38804873
DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2024.2356861 -
Environmental Pollution (Barking, Essex... Aug 2024Atmospheric pollution is a major public health issue and has become increasingly critical for human health. Urban atmospheric pollution is typically assessed through...
Atmospheric pollution is a major public health issue and has become increasingly critical for human health. Urban atmospheric pollution is typically assessed through physicochemical indicators aligned with environmental legislation parameters, providing data on air quality levels. While the effects of pollution on sensitive organisms serve as a warning for public health decision-makers, there remains a need to explore the interpretation of environmental data on pollutants. The use of species adapted to urban environments as sentinels enables continuous and integrated monitoring of environmental pollution implications on biological systems. In this study, we investigated the use of the plant species Tradescantia pallida as a biomonitor to evaluate the genotoxic effects of atmospheric pollution under diverse vehicular traffic conditions. T. pallida was strategically planted at the leading urban intersections in Uberlândia, Brazil. During COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns, we compared indicators such as physical, biological, and traffic data at different intersections in residential and commercial zones. The reduction in vehicular traffic highlighted the sensitivity of plant species to changes in air and soil pollutants. T. pallida showed bioaccumulation of heavy metals Cd and Cr in monitored areas with higher traffic levels. Additionally, we established a multiple linear regression model to estimate genotoxicity using the micronucleus test, with chromium concentration in the soil (X1) and particulate matter (PM) in the atmosphere (X2) identified as the primary independent variables. Our findings provide a comprehensive portrait of the impact of vehicular traffic changes on PM and offer valuable insights for refining parameters and models of Environmental Health Surveillance.
Topics: Tradescantia; Air Pollutants; Air Pollution; Environmental Monitoring; Biological Monitoring; Brazil; Particulate Matter; Cities; Micronucleus Tests; Soil Pollutants; Metals, Heavy; Humans; COVID-19
PubMed: 38797347
DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124219 -
Microorganisms May 2024The present study involves the precise identification and safety evaluation of KB1733, previously identified using 16S rRNA analysis, through whole-genome sequencing,...
The present study involves the precise identification and safety evaluation of KB1733, previously identified using 16S rRNA analysis, through whole-genome sequencing, phenotypic analysis, and preclinical toxicity studies. Analyses based on the genome sequencing data confirm the identity of KB1733 as and show that the genes related to vancomycin resistance are only present on the chromosome, while no virulence factor genes are present on the chromosome or plasmid. Phenotypic analyses of antibiotic resistance and hemolytic activity also indicated no safety concerns. A bacterial reverse mutation test showed there was no increase in revertant colonies of heat-killed KB1733. An acute toxicity test employing heat-killed KB1733 at a dose of 2000 mg/kg body weight in rats resulted in no deaths and no weight gain or other abnormalities in the general condition of the animals, with renal depression foci and renal cysts only occurring at the same frequency as in the control. Taking the background data into consideration, the effects on the kidneys observed in the current study were not caused by KB1733. Our findings suggest that KB1733 is non-pathogenic to humans/animals, although further studies involving repeated oral toxicity tests and/or clinical tests are required.
PubMed: 38792783
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12050953 -
Journal of Pharmaceutical and... Aug 2024Patient can be exposed to the photodegradation products of a drug after skin application of topical formulations. NSAIDs, with analgesic and anti-inflammatory...
Patient can be exposed to the photodegradation products of a drug after skin application of topical formulations. NSAIDs, with analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties, are known for the potential photoinstability, and are applied often in the form of creams, gels or liquids, commonly used among athletes, elderly people, geriatric patients and patients treated with multidrug therapies. Susceptibility to photodegradation hazard of those group arises the need for development of a new approach, with the ability to evaluate the patient safety. We planned to use a rapid assessment procedure (RAP) of safety by testing the photostability of popular skin medicinal products. This method, proposed many years ago by WHO, is now reintroduced to analytical applications in industry, when emergency drugs (e.g. for Covid) are implemented to the market in accelerated procedures. In the health care system, qualitative evaluation of drugs is extremely valuable, therefore we have planned to identify photodegradation using the FTIR method - infrared spectroscopy and DSC - differential scanning calorimetry, whilst the risk of formation of genotoxic products using the Ames test. We have successfully demonstrated that changes in the chemical structure and physical form of both pure APIs and drug products containing the API be assessed in a short time. Another advantage of our work is the combination of the developed results from FTIR/NIR spectra with statistical analysis. As a result, full and quick qualitative assessment of the effects of photoexposure of selected NSAIDs is performed, fortunately showing no mutagenicity. Due to the popularity of NSAIDs applied to the skin, a gel containing naproxen and spray with indomethacin were selected for testing. The analysis carried out for various formulations of both preparations allows us to demonstrate the universality of the applied RAP methods in assessing the risk of hazard to the patient, thus we present research results that expand or widen the knowledge and assessment of risks related to the use of drugs on the skin.
Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Naproxen; Photolysis; Indomethacin; Humans; Skin; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; Calorimetry, Differential Scanning; Administration, Cutaneous; Drug Stability
PubMed: 38788621
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2024.116201