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Infectious Diseases of Poverty Jun 2024Human parasitic infections caused by Adenophorean nematodes encompass a range of diseases, including dioctophymiasis, trichuriasis, capillariasis, trichinellosis, and... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Human parasitic infections caused by Adenophorean nematodes encompass a range of diseases, including dioctophymiasis, trichuriasis, capillariasis, trichinellosis, and myositis. These infection can result in adverse impacts on human health and cause societal and economic concerns in tropical and subtropical regions.
METHODS
This review conducted searches in PubMed, Embase and Google Scholar for relevant studies that published in established databases up to April 26, 2024. Studies that focused on the common morphology, life cycle, disease distribution, clinical manifestations, and prevention and control strategies for Adenophorean parasitic diseases in humans were included.
RESULTS
Adenophorean nematodes exhibit shared morphological characteristics with a four-layered cuticle; uninucleate epidermal cells; pseudocoelom with six or more coelomocytes; generally three caudal glands; five esophageal glands; two testes in males with median-ventral supplementary glands in a single row; tail in males rarely possessing caudal alae; amphids always postlabial; presence of cephalic sensory organs; absence of phasmids; and a secretory-excretory system consisting of a single ventral gland cell, usually with a non-cuticularized terminal duct. Humans play two important roles in the life cycle of the nematode class, Adenophorea: 1) as a definitive host infected by ingesting undercooked paratenic hosts, embryonated eggs, infective larvae in fish tissue and meat contaminated with encysted or non-encysted larvae, and 2) as an accidental host infected by ingesting parasitic eggs in undercooked meat. Many organs are targeted by the Adenophorean nematode in humans such as the intestines, lungs, liver, kidneys, lymphatic circulation and blood vessels, resulting in gastrointestinal problems, excessive immunological responses, cell disruption, and even death. Most of these infections have significant incidence rates in the developing countries of Africa, Asia and Latin America; however, some parasitic diseases have restricted dissemination in outbreaks. To prevent these diseases, interventions together with education, sanitation, hygiene and animal control measures have been introduced in order to reduce and control parasite populations.
CONCLUSIONS
The common morphology, life cycle, global epidemiology and pathology of human Adenophorean nematode-borne parasitic diseases were highlighted, as well as their prevention and control. The findings of this review will contribute to improvement of monitoring and predicting human-parasitic infections, understanding the relationship between animals, humans and parasites, and preventing and controlling parasitic diseases.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Global Health; Life Cycle Stages; Nematoda; Nematode Infections
PubMed: 38902844
DOI: 10.1186/s40249-024-01216-1 -
Respiratory Research Jun 2024To assess the effectiveness of HRCT-based radiomics in predicting rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease (RP-ILD) and mortality in anti-MDA5 positive...
OBJECTIVES
To assess the effectiveness of HRCT-based radiomics in predicting rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease (RP-ILD) and mortality in anti-MDA5 positive dermatomyositis-related interstitial lung disease (anti-MDA5 + DM-ILD).
METHODS
From August 2014 to March 2022, 160 patients from Institution 1 were retrospectively and consecutively enrolled and were randomly divided into the training dataset (n = 119) and internal validation dataset (n = 41), while 29 patients from Institution 2 were retrospectively and consecutively enrolled as external validation dataset. We generated four Risk-scores based on radiomics features extracted from four areas of HRCT. A nomogram was established by integrating the selected clinico-radiologic variables and the Risk-score of the most discriminative radiomics model. The RP-ILD prediction performance of the models was evaluated by using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curves, calibration curves, and decision curves. Survival analysis was conducted with Kaplan-Meier curves, Mantel-Haenszel test, and Cox regression.
RESULTS
Over a median follow-up time of 31.6 months (interquartile range: 12.9-49.1 months), 24 patients lost to follow-up and 46 patients lost their lives (27.9%, 46/165). The Risk-score based on bilateral lungs performed best, attaining AUCs of 0.869 and 0.905 in the internal and external validation datasets. The nomogram outperformed clinico-radiologic model and Risk-score with AUCs of 0.882 and 0.916 in the internal and external validation datasets. Patients were classified into low- and high-risk groups with 50:50 based on nomogram. High-risk group patients demonstrated a significantly higher risk of mortality than low-risk group patients in institution 1 (HR = 4.117) and institution 2 cohorts (HR = 7.515).
CONCLUSION
For anti-MDA5 + DM-ILD, the nomogram, mainly based on radiomics, can predict RP-ILD and is an independent predictor of mortality.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Retrospective Studies; Lung Diseases, Interstitial; Middle Aged; Dermatomyositis; Interferon-Induced Helicase, IFIH1; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Adult; Predictive Value of Tests; Aged; Nomograms; Autoantibodies; Disease Progression; Risk Assessment; Follow-Up Studies; Radiomics
PubMed: 38902680
DOI: 10.1186/s12931-024-02843-w -
Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases Jun 2024Autoantibodies targeting intracellular proteins are common in various autoimmune diseases. In the context of myositis, the pathologic significance of these...
OBJECTIVES
Autoantibodies targeting intracellular proteins are common in various autoimmune diseases. In the context of myositis, the pathologic significance of these autoantibodies has been questioned due to the assumption that autoantibodies cannot enter living muscle cells. This study aims to investigate the validity of this assumption.
METHODS
Confocal immunofluorescence microscopy was employed to localise antibodies and other proteins of interest in myositis muscle biopsies. Bulk RNA sequencing was used to examine the transcriptomic profiles of 669 samples, including those from patients with myositis, disease controls and healthy controls. Additionally, antibodies from myositis patients were introduced into cultured myoblasts through electroporation, and their transcriptomic profiles were analysed using RNA sequencing.
RESULTS
In patients with myositis autoantibodies, antibodies accumulated inside myofibres in the same subcellular compartment as the autoantigen. Bulk RNA sequencing revealed that muscle biopsies from patients with autoantibodies targeting transcriptional regulators exhibited transcriptomic patterns consistent with dysfunction of the autoantigen. For instance, in muscle biopsies from patients with anti-PM/Scl autoantibodies recognising components of the nuclear RNA exosome complex, an accumulation of divergent transcripts and long non-coding RNAs was observed; these RNA forms are typically degraded by the nuclear RNA exosome complex. Introducing patient antibodies into cultured muscle cells recapitulated the transcriptomic effects observed in human disease. Further supporting evidence suggested that myositis autoantibodies recognising other autoantigens may also disrupt the function of their targets.
CONCLUSIONS
This study demonstrates that, in myositis, autoantibodies are internalised into living cells, causing biological effects consistent with the disrupted function of their autoantigen.
PubMed: 38902010
DOI: 10.1136/ard-2024-225773 -
AJR. American Journal of Roentgenology Jun 2024
PubMed: 38899848
DOI: 10.2214/AJR.24.31597 -
Advances in Skin & Wound Care Jul 2024Clinically amyopathic dermatomyositis (CADM) is a rare subtype of dermatomyositis that presents with cutaneous features and no muscle involvement. This case report... (Review)
Review
Clinically amyopathic dermatomyositis (CADM) is a rare subtype of dermatomyositis that presents with cutaneous features and no muscle involvement. This case report describes a 26-year-old woman with recurrent and multiple digital ulcerations coinciding with the start of winter each year. There was no evidence of myopathy, and antibody testing yielded negative results. A diagnosis of CADM was ultimately made based on clinicopathologic correlation. The patient's ulcers demonstrated excellent response to a combination therapy of hydroxychloroquine and potent topical and systemic steroids. Herein, the authors discuss the pathologic and immunologic characteristics of CADM.
Topics: Humans; Dermatomyositis; Female; Adult; Skin Ulcer; Fingers; Hydroxychloroquine; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 38899820
DOI: 10.1097/ASW.0000000000000147 -
Skin Research and Technology : Official... Jun 2024Dermatomyositis (DM) manifests as an autoimmune and inflammatory condition, clinically characterized by subacute progressive proximal muscle weakness, rashes or both...
BACKGROUND
Dermatomyositis (DM) manifests as an autoimmune and inflammatory condition, clinically characterized by subacute progressive proximal muscle weakness, rashes or both along with extramuscular manifestations. Literature indicates that DM shares common risk factors with atherosclerosis (AS), and they often co-occur, yet the etiology and pathogenesis remain to be fully elucidated. This investigation aims to utilize bioinformatics methods to clarify the crucial genes and pathways that influence the pathophysiology of both DM and AS.
METHOD
Microarray datasets for DM (GSE128470, GSE1551, GSE143323) and AS (GSE100927, GSE28829, GSE43292) were retrieved from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to reveal their co-expressed modules. Differentially expression genes (DEGs) were identified using the "limma" package in R software, and the functions of common DEGs were determined by functional enrichment analysis. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was established using the STRING database, with central genes evaluated by the cytoHubba plugin, and validated through external datasets. Immune infiltration analysis of the hub genes was conducted using the CIBERSORT method, along with Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA). Finally, the NetworkAnalyst platform was employed to examine the transcription factors (TFs) responsible for regulating pivotal crosstalk genes.
RESULTS
Utilizing WGCNA analysis, a total of 271 overlapping genes were pinpointed. Subsequent DEG analysis revealed 34 genes that are commonly found in both DM and AS, including 31 upregulated genes and 3 downregulated genes. The Degree Centrality algorithm was applied separately to the WGCNA and DEG collections to select the 15 genes with the highest connectivity, and crossing the two gene sets yielded 3 hub genes (PTPRC, TYROBP, CXCR4). Validation with external datasets showed their diagnostic value for DM and AS. Analysis of immune infiltration indicates that lymphocytes and macrophages are significantly associated with the pathogenesis of DM and AS. Moreover, GSEA analysis suggested that the shared genes are enriched in various receptor interactions and multiple cytokines and receptor signaling pathways. We coupled the 3 hub genes with their respective predicted genes, identifying a potential key TF, CBFB, which interacts with all 3 hub genes.
CONCLUSION
This research utilized comprehensive bioinformatics techniques to explore the shared pathogenesis of DM and AS. The three key genes, including PTPRC, TYROBP, and CXCR4, are related to the pathogenesis of DM and AS. The central genes and their correlations with immune cells may serve as potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets.
Topics: Humans; Computational Biology; Dermatomyositis; Atherosclerosis; Biomarkers; Protein Interaction Maps; Gene Expression Profiling; Databases, Genetic; Gene Regulatory Networks
PubMed: 38899746
DOI: 10.1111/srt.13808 -
Cancer Medicine Jun 2024Severe immune-related adverse events (irAEs) due to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) can lead to admission to the intensive care unit (ICU). In this retrospective...
INTRODUCTION
Severe immune-related adverse events (irAEs) due to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) can lead to admission to the intensive care unit (ICU). In this retrospective study, we determined the incidence, treatment patterns and survival outcomes of this patient population at a comprehensive cancer center.
METHODS
All patients admitted to the ICU due to irAEs from ICI treatment between January 2015 and July 2022 were included. Descriptive statistics were reported on patient characteristics and treatment patterns during hospital admission. Overall survival (OS) from the time of ICU discharge to death was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method.
RESULTS
Over the study period, 5561 patients received at least one ICI administration, of which 32 patients (0.6%) were admitted to the ICU due to irAEs. Twenty patients were treated with anti-PD-1 plus anti-CTLA-4 treatment, whereas 12 patients were treated with ICI monotherapy. The type of irAEs were de novo diabetes-related ketoacidosis (n = 8), immune-related gastrointestinal toxicity (n = 8), myocarditis or myositis (n = 10), nephritis (n = 3), pneumonitis (n = 2), and myelitis (n = 1). The median duration of ICU admission was 3 days (interquartile range: 2-6 days). Three patients died during ICU admission. The median OS of the patients who were discharged from the ICU was 18 months (95% confidence interval, 5.0-NA).
CONCLUSION
The incidence of irAEs leading to ICU admission in patients treated with ICI was low in this study. ICU mortality due to irAEs was low and a subset of this patient population even had long-term survival.
Topics: Humans; Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors; Male; Female; Intensive Care Units; Retrospective Studies; Middle Aged; Aged; Neoplasms; Adult; Incidence; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; Aged, 80 and over; CTLA-4 Antigen
PubMed: 38899457
DOI: 10.1002/cam4.7302 -
World Journal of Clinical Cases Jun 2024Myositis ossificans (MO) is a rare disease involving the formation of bone outside the musculoskeletal system. While surgical intervention is the main treatment...
BACKGROUND
Myositis ossificans (MO) is a rare disease involving the formation of bone outside the musculoskeletal system. While surgical intervention is the main treatment approach, preventing recurrence and standardized rehabilitation are also crucial. Here, we present a surgical strategy to prevent the recurrence of MO.
CASE SUMMARY
A 28-year-old female patient was admitted for the first time for a comminuted fracture of the left olecranon. However, incorrect postoperative rehabilitation resulted in the development of elbow joint stiffness with ectopic ossification, causing a loss of normal range of motion. The patient was diagnosed with MO based on physical examination, X-ray findings, and clinical presentation. We devised a surgical strategy to remove MO, followed by fixation with an Ilizarov frame, and implemented a scientifically reasonable rehabilitation plan. The surgery lasted for 3 h with an estimated blood loss of 45 mL. A drainage tube was placed after surgery, and fluid was aspirated through ultrasound-guided puncture. The patient experienced a significant reduction in joint stiffness after surgery. In the final follow-up at 9 mouths, there was evident improvement in the range of motion of the elbow joint, and no other symptoms were reported.
CONCLUSION
The Ilizarov frame is an advantageous surgical technique for facilitating rehabilitation after MO removal. It offers benefits such as passive recovery, individualized treatment, and prompt recovery.
PubMed: 38898861
DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v12.i17.3144 -
International Journal of Ophthalmology 2024
PubMed: 38895678
DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2024.06.26 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2024Anti-SSA antibodies target two unrelated proteins, Ro52 (E3 ligase) and Ro60 (RNA binding protein). Previous studies indicate that anti-Ro52 antibodies are frequently...
INTRODUCTION
Anti-SSA antibodies target two unrelated proteins, Ro52 (E3 ligase) and Ro60 (RNA binding protein). Previous studies indicate that anti-Ro52 antibodies are frequently associated with various myositis-specific autoantibodies (MSAs)-including anti-tRNA synthetase antibodies-and that the coexistence of MSAs and anti-Ro52 antibodies may portend worse clinical outcomes. Although not well-described in the setting of myositis, work from our animal model of HRS (histidyl-tRNA synthetase)-induced myositis suggests that anti-Ro60 antibodies may also be linked to specific MSAs such as anti-HRS/Jo-1. We therefore aimed to demonstrate the prevalence and clinical characteristics of Ro52 and Ro60 antibody positivity in patients possessing Jo-1 antibodies.
METHODS
To establish the immunological link between anti-synthetase, anti-Ro52, and anti-Ro60 antibodies, we evaluated the relative titers of these antibodies in blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of mice following immunization with HRS/Jo-1. In parallel, we used ELISA-based approaches to assess sera from 177 anti-Jo1 antibody-positive patients for the presence of anti-Ro52 and/or anti-Ro60 antibodies. We then determined statistical associations between co-existing anti-Jo-1, anti-Ro52, and/or anti-Ro60 antibodies and clinical manifestations associated with the anti-synthetase syndrome.
RESULTS
Mice immunized with HRS had higher levels of anti-Ro52 and anti-Ro60 antibodies in serum and BALF than PBS-immunized mice. In 177 anti-Jo-1 antibody-positive patients, the prevalence of anti-Ro52 and anti-Ro60 antibodies was 36% and 15%, respectively. The frequency of dry eye/dry mouth, interstitial pneumonia, and pulmonary events over time differed between patients with various combinations of anti-Ro52 and anti-Ro60 antibodies. While anti-Ro52 antibodies generally correlated with statistically significant increases in each of these clinical manifestations, the presence of Ro60 antibodies alone was associated with decreased frequency of ILD.
DISCUSSION
Anti-Ro52 and/or anti-Ro60 antibodies are often co-expressed with anti-Jo1 antibodies, defining clinical subsets with different disease course/outcomes.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Ribonucleoproteins; Myositis; Female; Mice; Male; Middle Aged; Antibodies, Antinuclear; Autoantibodies; Aged; Adult; Histidine-tRNA Ligase; Disease Models, Animal; Autoantigens; RNA, Small Cytoplasmic
PubMed: 38895121
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1399451