-
Food Science and Biotechnology Jan 2024A new method of high-power pulsed microwave (HPPM) was applied to accelerate the aging of blueberry wine. The color changes of blueberry wines during aging were...
A new method of high-power pulsed microwave (HPPM) was applied to accelerate the aging of blueberry wine. The color changes of blueberry wines during aging were investigated through Chemical Wine Age and CIE-LAB measurement. Results showed that the blueberry wines treated by HPPM at low frequencies (50 and 100 Hz) exhibited improved color characteristics with * value reaching 47.04 at 100 Hz, an increased maturity of wine body, and a shortened chemical wine age from 90 days to 75 days. Moreover, the aroma changes determined by GC-MS showed that HPPM accelerated the formation of esters in blueberry wine, which were increased by 18.44% and 56.97% respectively under the conditions of 50 and 150 Hz. The formation of acid substances was reduced compared with the original wine, with contents of acetic acid, caproic acid, and octanoic acid of 29.46 µg/mL, 15.60 µg/mL, 17.74 µg/mL, respectively, displaying an enhanced wine flavor.
PubMed: 38186622
DOI: 10.1007/s10068-023-01325-x -
Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin 2024Pirarubicin (THP) shows more rapid intracellular uptake, more effective antitumor activity, and less cardiac toxicity, compared to doxorubicin. However, THP is...
Pirarubicin (THP) shows more rapid intracellular uptake, more effective antitumor activity, and less cardiac toxicity, compared to doxorubicin. However, THP is distributed to both tumor and normal tissues indiscriminately. This study aimed to develop a nanosuspension to deliver THP to tumor tissues more efficiently. Fatty-acid-modified THPs (FA-THPs; octanoic acid, dodecanoic acid, palmitic acid-THPs) were synthesized to increase the hydrophobicity of THP. Nanosuspensions of these FA-THPs were then prepared using an antisolvent precipitation technique. Among the FA-THPs, the most efficiently drug-loaded nanosuspension was obtained from palmitic acid-THP (pal-THP) using an aqueous antisolvent containing bovine serum albumin as a stabilizer. The pal-THP nanoparticles in the nanosuspension were confirmed to be of optimal size (100-125 nm) for delivery to tumor tissues using dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy. The pal-THP nanosuspension showed cytotoxicity in colon 26 cells. The nanosuspension was shown to disintegrate in the presence of surfactants such as lecithin, liberating pal-THP, which was converted to free THP in acidic media. It is therefore proposed that pal-THP nanoparticles that reach tumor cells after intravenous administration would exert antitumor effect by liberating pal-THP (i.e., disintegration of nanoparticles by the interaction with cell membrane), followed by the release of free THP in the acidic milieu of tumor cells. These findings indicate that FA-THP nanosuspensions, particularly pal-THP nanosuspension, hold promise as a candidate for cancer treatment. However, further in vivo studies are necessary.
Topics: Fatty Acids; Palmitic Acid; Doxorubicin; Nanoparticles; Serum Albumin, Bovine; Suspensions; Particle Size; Solubility
PubMed: 38171901
DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c23-00701 -
Poultry Science Feb 2024Poultry act as a major reservoir host for Salmonella and Campylobacter spp., the 2 leading causes of foodborne illnesses globally and in the United States. Preharvest...
Poultry act as a major reservoir host for Salmonella and Campylobacter spp., the 2 leading causes of foodborne illnesses globally and in the United States. Preharvest stage interventions to reduce foodborne pathogen carriage in poultry are increasingly informed by consumer preference for antibiotic-free poultry production. The in-feed inclusion of plant-derived antimicrobial compounds is a promising antibiotic alternative strategy to reduce foodborne pathogen load in the broiler chicken gut. Yet, the fate of these phytochemicals through the broiler chicken gastrointestinal tract is unknown. Likewise, while in-feed phytochemicals have been widely demonstrated in challenge models to reduce foodborne pathogen carriage, little is known regarding efficacy to curb natural routes of infection. As such, the aim of the present study was 2-fold. We sought to determine the concentrations of 2 phytochemicals, trans-cinnamaldehyde and caprylic acid, in each region of the chicken gastrointestinal tract following their in-feed inclusion over a 6-wk production period. In addition, we investigated how the in-feed provision of these phytochemicals may protect against environmental acquisition of Campylobacter jejuni and Salmonella spp. Trans-cinnamaldehyde and caprylic acid were detected in crop, gizzard, duodenal, jejunal, and ileal contents. Crop and gizzard concentrations were not significantly (P > 0.05) different. A significant (P < 0.05) decrease in phytochemical concentration was observed in intestinal regions compared to crop and gizzard. Trans-cinnamaldehyde was consistently identified in cecal and colon contents, while caprylic acid was not detectable in these regions. Trans-cinnamaldehyde and caprylic acid were found to reduce (P < 0.05) Salmonella load. Together, our data establish that the in-feed addition of trans-cinnamaldehyde and caprylic acid, 2 phytochemicals that have previously been shown to exert antimicrobial activity against poultry-associated foodborne pathogens, results in detectable concentrations in the broiler chicken gastrointestinal tract. By providing researchers with a gastrointestinal region-by-region map of phytochemical concentrations, the present study is expected to inform the choice of in-feed phytochemicals targeting foodborne pathogen carriage in the broiler chicken gastrointestinal tract.
Topics: Animals; Chickens; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Campylobacter jejuni; Phytochemicals; Campylobacter Infections; Poultry Diseases; Acrolein; Caprylates
PubMed: 38157787
DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103368 -
Natural Product Research Dec 2023Dibromosterculic acid [8-(1,2-dibromo-2-octylcyclopropyl)-octanoic acid], a new synthetic derivative was prepared by bromination of sterculic acid. This synthetic...
Dibromosterculic acid [8-(1,2-dibromo-2-octylcyclopropyl)-octanoic acid], a new synthetic derivative was prepared by bromination of sterculic acid. This synthetic derivative showed strong fungicidal activity against two pathogenic fungal species namely and with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 0.007 mg/ml and good bactericidal activity against and with MIC value of 0.015 mg/ml. Cytotoxic activity on both normal (MCF-10A) and cancerous (MDA-MB-468) cell lines revealed that the survivability percentage of normal cells was unaffected, whereas cancerous cells were decreased greatly by dibromosterculic acid with 50% survivability at 9 µg/ml concentration. Molecular-docking using AutoDock 4.2 with Bax exhibited strong pi-sigma interaction with PHE-93, pi-alkyl and alkyl interaction with TRP-139, ARG-89 and PHE-92 whereas MDM2 revealed strong hydrogen bond interaction with GLN-59 and pi-alkyl interaction with PHE-55. All experimental parameters suggested that this synthetic derivative would be valuable for target-specific drug development with nominal side effects.
PubMed: 38148119
DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2023.2294107 -
Food Chemistry: X Dec 2023Ice wine has prominent fruity sweetness and unique, rich aroma compared to wine. The sweetness was accumulating, the acidity and astringency tended to soften of grape...
Ice wine has prominent fruity sweetness and unique, rich aroma compared to wine. The sweetness was accumulating, the acidity and astringency tended to soften of grape berry during the freezing period. The process gave the ice wine balanced taste, with prominent honey sweetness, accompanied by refreshing alcoholic taste, soft acidity and astringency. Eleven key aroma compounds were identified in ice wine through GC-MS and ROAV values. The key aroma compounds were analyzed with Pearson correlation coefficient and fragrance mechanism were speculated. Ethyl acetate and 1-octen-3-ol derived from the aroma of grape, are produced by anaerobic metabolism and lipoxygenase pathways of pyruvate and linoleic acid, respectively. Ester aromas, 2-phenylethanol and 2-methylbutanal were derived from the brewing process, were produced by octanoic acid, caproic acid, phenylalanine and isoleucine through lipid metabolism, Ehrlich pathway and Strecker pathway, respectively. Proposed corresponding control methods based on factors that affect the formation of ice wine aromas.
PubMed: 38144789
DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2023.101016 -
Journal of the Science of Food and... Apr 2024Color, nutrients and flavor are the key characteristics of pomegranate juice, but they are susceptible to processing methods and raw materials. In this study, the...
BACKGROUND
Color, nutrients and flavor are the key characteristics of pomegranate juice, but they are susceptible to processing methods and raw materials. In this study, the effects of aril juicing and whole fruit juicing methods on the composition of 'Black-seed' pomegranate juice from three producing areas were studied, including physicochemical parameters, color attributes, organic acids, sugars, phenolic compounds, and volatile compounds.
RESULTS
The whole fruit juicing method resulted in higher juice yields of pomegranate fruit with 69.01-72.59%, hue angle values were 5.95-6.45°, and the juice remained red. The highest level of citric acid (21.21 g L ), total acids (24.78 g L ), and total anthocyanin content (435.59 mg L ) were found in whole fruit juice, and seven tannins were detected. The most abundant volatile compounds were (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol and 1-hexanol in all juice samples, with alcohol content increased and aldehydes content decreased by whole fruit juicing. Principal component analysis revealed that the 24 indexes (variable important in projection >1) clearly distinguished juice samples obtained by two juicing methods, with ellagic acid hexoside, (E)-2-heptenal, (+)-catechin, and octanoic acid having the best discriminatory potential.
CONCLUSION
Overall, the effects of juicing method on 'Black-seed' pomegranate juice were greater than those of raw-material-producing areas. These results confirmed the potential for using the whole 'Black-seed' pomegranate for processing, and also provided a theoretical basis for the healthy product development and utilization of dark-color pomegranate varieties. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Topics: Fruit; Pomegranate; Anthocyanins; Fruit and Vegetable Juices; Seeds; Antioxidants
PubMed: 38117127
DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13230 -
Frontiers in Nutrition 2023Three clinical trials have examined the chronic effects of medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs) on muscle mass and function in frail older adults (mean age 85 years old)....
BACKGROUND
Three clinical trials have examined the chronic effects of medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs) on muscle mass and function in frail older adults (mean age 85 years old). However, significant increases in muscle mass and some muscle function relative to long-chain triglycerides (LCTs) have yet to be shown, possibly due to the small number of participants in each trial.
OBJECTIVE
We re-analyzed these previous clinical trials to clarify whether MCT supplementation can increase muscle mass and function.
ANALYSIS
After adding tests to the original report, we compared changes in measurement between the MCT and LCT groups in the first 2 trials and conducted a combined data analysis.
METHODS
In a combined data analysis, changes from baseline in measurements at the 3 months intervention in the MCTs- and LCTs-containing groups were assessed by analysis of covariance adjusted for baseline values of each measurement, age, sex, BMI, allocation to trial, habitual intakes in energy, protein, leucine, octanoic acid, decanoic acid, and vitamin D during the baseline period. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to analyze data on right and left knee extension times.
RESULTS
MCT supplementation for 3 months increased muscle function relative to LCT supplementation with and without an L-leucine (1.2 g) and vitamin D (cholecalciferol, 20 μg)-enriched supplement. In a combined data analysis ( = 29 in MCTs, = 27 in LCTs), relative to supplementation with 6 g LCTs/day, supplementation with 6 g MCTs/day at dinner for 3 months significantly increased body weight (adjusted mean change from baseline: MCTs 1.2 vs. LCTs 0.2 kg, = 0.023), right arm muscle area (MCTs 1.4 vs. LCTs-0.7 cm, = 0.002), left calf circumference ( = 0.015), right-hand grip strength (MCTs 1.6 vs. LCTs 0.3 kg, = 0.017), right knee extension time ( = 0.021), left knee extension time ( = 0.034), walking speed ( = 0.002), and number of iterations in leg open and close test ( < 0.001) and decreased right triceps skinfold thickness ( = 0.016).
CONCLUSION
In frail older adults, supplementation for 3 months with a low dose (6 g/day) of MCTs (C8:0 and C10:0) increased muscle mass and function. These findings indicate the potential for the practical use of MCTs in daily life in treating sarcopenia.
PubMed: 38111605
DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1284497 -
International Journal of Pharmaceutics Jan 2024Cyclosporine (CsA) is a potent immunosuppressant agent that has been used since 1980 for the treatment of various autoimmune diseases and is extensively used to enhance...
Cyclosporine (CsA) is a potent immunosuppressant agent that has been used since 1980 for the treatment of various autoimmune diseases and is extensively used to enhance the survival rate of patients and grafts following organ transplant surgeries. CsA is a poorly soluble drug with a narrow therapeutic window and inter-subject variability, which can lead to graft rejection, nephrotoxicity and other severe adverse effects. This study explores a novel method that combines solubility enhancement of CsA using SNEDDS formulation and personalized dosage delivery using 3D printing technology. The oil phase was chosen as a combination of caproyl 90 and octanoic acid while the Smix phase was chosen as a combination of cremophore El and PEG 400. The optimized liquid SNEDDS was solidified using PEG 6000. An FDM printer was used to print a capsular shell with an oval base that ascends to form a dome with an opening at the top. This opening is used to fill the molten CsA-loaded SNEDDS formulation using a pipette or syringe. The CsA-loaded SNEDDS formulation was characterized by FTIR, DSC and SEM/EDX. The in-vitro release of CsA showed complete release within sixty minutes and followed Korsmeyer-Peppas release kinetics. The drug release was not affected by either the shell opening size or the amount of the loaded formulation. This novel method is simple and straightforward for personalized dosage delivery of drug-loaded SNEDDS formulations.
Topics: Humans; Drug Delivery Systems; Cyclosporine; Emulsions; Drug Liberation; Solubility; Printing, Three-Dimensional; Particle Size; Nanoparticles; Biological Availability
PubMed: 38101759
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123707 -
IUBMB Life Jun 2024Having evolved from a prokaryotic origin, mitochondria retain pathways required for the catabolism of energy-rich molecules and for the biosynthesis of molecules that... (Review)
Review
Having evolved from a prokaryotic origin, mitochondria retain pathways required for the catabolism of energy-rich molecules and for the biosynthesis of molecules that aid catabolism and/or participate in other cellular processes essential for life of the cell. Reviewed here are details of the mitochondrial fatty acid biosynthetic pathway (FAS II) and its role in building both the octanoic acid precursor for lipoic acid biosynthesis (LAS) and longer-chain fatty acids functioning in chaperoning the assembly of mitochondrial multisubunit complexes. Also covered are the details of mitochondrial lipoic acid biosynthesis, which is distinct from that of prokaryotes, and the attachment of lipoic acid to subunits of pyruvate dehydrogenase, α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, and glycine cleavage system complexes. Special emphasis has been placed on presenting what is currently known about the interconnected paths and loops linking the FAS II-LAS pathway and two other mitochondrial realms, the organellar translation machinery and Fe-S cluster biosynthesis and function.
Topics: Thioctic Acid; Mitochondria; Fatty Acids; Humans; Animals; Ketoglutarate Dehydrogenase Complex; Biosynthetic Pathways; Iron-Sulfur Proteins; Amino Acid Oxidoreductases; Multienzyme Complexes; Transferases
PubMed: 38088214
DOI: 10.1002/iub.2802 -
Frontiers in Nutrition 2023To extend individuals' healthy life expectancies, the improvement of subjective health and quality of life (QOL) has been increasingly prioritized, alongside the...
Effect of medium-chain triglycerides supplements and walking on health-related quality of life in sedentary, healthy middle-aged, and older adults with low BMIs: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial.
INTRODUCTION
To extend individuals' healthy life expectancies, the improvement of subjective health and quality of life (QOL) has been increasingly prioritized, alongside the improvement of their physical functioning. Reports have indicated that intake of medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs) benefits the physical health of older individuals requiring nursing care, and athletes, and healthy individuals. But there are few studies investigating the effects of MCTs on subjective health and QOL. The present study sought to evaluate the combined effects of 12-week MCTs supplements and moderate-intensity walking exercise on the subjective health and QOL of middle-aged and older adults aged 60-74 with low BMIs (< 24 kg/m) and who had no exercise habits.
METHODS
A placebo-controlled, double-blind, parallel-group trial was conducted. Three MCTs supplement groups with different doses and fatty acid compositions were compared with a control group. The study used the SF-36v2 questionnaire to assess subjective health and health-related QOL (HRQOL).
RESULTS
The result showed significant improvements in the scores on subscales of the physical QOL, such as Physical functioning and General health, and summary scores on the mental QOL, compared to the control.
CONCLUSION
It is estimated that the combination of continuous intake of MCTs and walking exercise may affect HRQOL and improve subjective physical and mental health in sedentary, healthy, middle-aged and older adults.
CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION
https://rctportal.niph.go.jp/s/detail/um?trial_id=UMIN000046861, UMIN000046861.
PubMed: 38075217
DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1296896