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Indian Journal of Ophthalmology Jul 2024
Topics: Humans; Central Serous Chorioretinopathy; Anxiety; Depression
PubMed: 38953135
DOI: 10.4103/IJO.IJO_298_24 -
Indian Journal of Ophthalmology Jul 2024To evaluate the appropriateness of responses generated by an online chat-based artificial intelligence (AI) model for diabetic retinopathy (DR) related questions.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the appropriateness of responses generated by an online chat-based artificial intelligence (AI) model for diabetic retinopathy (DR) related questions.
DESIGN
Cross-sectional study.
METHODS
A set of 20 questions framed from the patient's perspective addressing DR-related queries, such as the definition of disease, symptoms, prevention methods, treatment options, diagnostic methods, visual impact, and complications, were formulated for input into ChatGPT-4. Peer-reviewed, literature-based answers were collected from popular search engines for the selected questions and three retinal experts reviewed the responses. An inter-human agreement was analyzed for consensus expert responses and also between experts. The answers generated by the AI model were compared with those provided by the experts. The experts rated the response generated by ChatGPT-4 on a scale of 0-5 for appropriateness and completeness.
RESULTS
The answers provided by ChatGPT-4 were appropriate and complete for most of the DR-related questions. The response to questions on the adverse effects of laser photocoagulation therapy and compliance to treatment was not perfectly complete. The average rating given by the three retina expert evaluators was 4.84 for appropriateness and 4.38 for completeness of answers provided by the AI model. This corresponds to an overall 96.8% agreement among the experts for appropriateness and 87.6% for completeness regarding AI-generated answers.
CONCLUSION
ChatGPT-4 exhibits a high level of accuracy in generating appropriate responses for a range of questions in DR. However, there is a need to improvise the model to generate complete answers for certain DR-related topics.
Topics: Diabetic Retinopathy; Humans; Cross-Sectional Studies; Artificial Intelligence; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 38953134
DOI: 10.4103/IJO.IJO_2510_23 -
Indian Journal of Ophthalmology Jul 2024Cataract surgery constitutes one of the highest volume surgeries performed worldwide approximating 10 million annually, varying from 100 to 6000 per million population....
INTRODUCTION
Cataract surgery constitutes one of the highest volume surgeries performed worldwide approximating 10 million annually, varying from 100 to 6000 per million population. Implantation of scleral fixated intra-ocular lens (SFIOL) is getting popular in managing difficult situations like aphakia, subluxated lens, and dislocated cataracts.
OBJECTIVE
This retrospective series evaluated our experience with foldable 3-piece acrylic SFIOL implantation for various challenging surgical scenarios in a tertiary care ophthalmic institute in the southern part of India.
RESULTS
The data from the first 150 patients, those operated in our hospital in the aforementioned technique, have been reviewed and analyzed. The mean age of the population was 46.43 years. The most common indication was found to be surgical aphakia (34.66%) followed by traumatic subluxated lens (8.33%). Postoperative BCVA at 3 months improved to 0.255 on the LogMAR scale from preoperative BCVA of 0.795 (P < 0.01). Intraocular pressure was found to stabilize over 3 months follow-up (P = 0.002). The various intraoperative and postoperative complications have been recorded. Ten patients required resurgery out of which eight had postoperative haptic dislocation. A detailed comparison of the role of a surgeon's experience in influencing outcomes has been evaluated.
CONCLUSION
The technique offers physiological IOL placement using minimal surgical maneuvers. We strongly recommend this as a technique of choice for the surgical management of complicated scenarios with inadequate capsular bag support.
Topics: Humans; Retrospective Studies; Sclera; Male; Female; Middle Aged; Lens Implantation, Intraocular; Lenses, Intraocular; Adult; Visual Acuity; Aged; Sutureless Surgical Procedures; Follow-Up Studies; Treatment Outcome; Prosthesis Design; Adolescent; Young Adult; Child; Suture Techniques
PubMed: 38953133
DOI: 10.4103/IJO.IJO_1698_23 -
Indian Journal of Ophthalmology Jul 2024
Topics: Humans; Orbit Evisceration; Tertiary Care Centers; India; Male
PubMed: 38953132
DOI: 10.4103/IJO.IJO_9_24 -
Indian Journal of Ophthalmology Jul 2024
Topics: Humans; Fluorescein Angiography; Glaucoma; Aqueous Humor; Fundus Oculi; Intraocular Pressure
PubMed: 38953131
DOI: 10.4103/IJO.IJO_701_24 -
Indian Journal of Ophthalmology Jul 2024
Topics: Humans; Fundus Oculi; Fluorescein Angiography; Iris; Neovascularization, Pathologic; Iris Diseases; Male; Female
PubMed: 38953130
DOI: 10.4103/IJO.IJO_3289_23 -
Indian Journal of Ophthalmology Jul 2024
Topics: Humans; Fovea Centralis; Tomography, Optical Coherence; Fluorescein Angiography; Visual Acuity; Male; Fundus Oculi; Female
PubMed: 38953129
DOI: 10.4103/IJO.IJO_2749_23 -
Frontiers in Pharmacology 2024Diabetic retinopathy is a secondary microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus. This disease progresses from two stages, non-proliferative and proliferative...
Diabetic retinopathy is a secondary microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus. This disease progresses from two stages, non-proliferative and proliferative diabetic retinopathy, the latter characterized by retinal abnormal angiogenesis. Pharmacological management of retinal angiogenesis employs expensive and invasive intravitreal injections of biologic drugs (anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents). To search small molecules able to act as anti-angiogenic agents, we focused our study on axitinib, which is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor and represents the second line treatment for renal cell carcinoma. Axitinib is an inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor receptors, and among the others tyrosine kinase inhibitors (sunitinib and sorafenib) is the most selective towards vascular endothelial growth factor receptors 1 and 2. Besides the well-known anti-angiogenic and immune-modulatory functions, we hereby explored the polypharmacological profile of axitinib, through a bioinformatic/molecular modeling approach and models of diabetic retinopathy. We showed the anti-angiogenic activity of axitinib in two different models of diabetic retinopathy, by challenging retinal endothelial cells with high glucose concentration (fluctuating and non-fluctuating). We found that axitinib, along with inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor receptors 1 (1.82 ± 0.10; 0.54 ± 0.13, phosphorylated protein levels in fluctuating high glucose axitinib 1 µM, respectively) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptors 2 (2.38 ± 0.21; 0.98 ± 0.20, phosphorylated protein levels in fluctuating high glucose axitinib 1 µM, respectively), was able to significantly reduce ( < 0.05) the expression of Nrf2 (1.43 ± 0.04; 0.85 ± 0.01, protein levels in fluctuating high glucose axitinib 1 µM, respectively) in retinal endothelial cells exposed to high glucose, through predicted Keap1 interaction and activation of melanocortin receptor 1. Furthermore, axitinib treatment significantly ( < 0.05) decreased reactive oxygen species production (0.90 ± 0.10; 0.44 ± 0.06, fluorescence units in high glucose axitinib 1 µM, respectively) and inhibited ERK pathway (1.64 ± 0.09; 0.73 ± 0.06, phosphorylated protein levels in fluctuating high glucose axitinib 1 µM, respectively) in HRECs exposed to high glucose. The obtained results about the emerging polypharmacological profile support the hypothesis that axitinib could be a valid candidate to handle diabetic retinopathy, with ancillary mechanisms of action.
PubMed: 38953109
DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1415846 -
RSC Advances Jun 2024The search for novel intrinsic two-dimensional (2D) magnetic materials is crucial to understand the fundamentals of 2D magnetism and realize next-generation...
The search for novel intrinsic two-dimensional (2D) magnetic materials is crucial to understand the fundamentals of 2D magnetism and realize next-generation magneto-electric and magneto-optical systems. Using the rigorous framework of spin-polarized density functional theory (SPDFT)-based calculations, this investigation systematically investigates the effects of a stepwise change in the Fe composition () on the structural, electro-magnetic and optical properties of the ordered SrS based single-layer alloys, with encompassing values from 0 to 1. Our comprehensive analysis revealed that the calculated formation energies, cohesive energies, phonon dispersions, molecular dynamics, and elastic constants of both bare SrS and FeS monolayers indicate their thermodynamic, dynamic, thermal, and mechanical stability in hexagonal and square structures, respectively. Significantly, the introduction of magnetic Fe dopants into the non-magnetic SrS semiconductor enabled the creation of an intrinsic magnetic (FM) state characterized by spin-polarized charge carriers at the Fermi level ( ). As doping increases, the electronic structure shows a noticeable dependence on the chemical composition. It is noteworthy that the systems doped with 0.750 and 1 Fe exhibit metallic-magnetic and metallic non-magnetic properties, respectively, and the rest are half-semiconductors (HSC) according to the GGA approximation. Conversely, the HSE approach shows a transition to HSC for a doping level of 0.750, while others maintain the same behavior. The study of the optical properties shows improvements compared to the bare SrS monolayer through the incorporation of Fe dopants. The bare SrS has light absorption in the ultraviolet region, while the absorption band edges for HSC compounds change from the infrared to visible regions. This study proposes a practical method to tune the properties of the SrS single-layer by selectively adjusting the dopant concentration. Such control is promising for applications in spintronics and optical based nanodevices.
PubMed: 38952946
DOI: 10.1039/d4ra04352a -
RSC Advances Jun 2024We designed a unique oligomer form in which several helically twisted macrocycles (- or -helicity) are arranged through fusion. We investigated the optical rotation of a...
We designed a unique oligomer form in which several helically twisted macrocycles (- or -helicity) are arranged through fusion. We investigated the optical rotation of a series of fused oligomers of macrocycles with a difference in the number and arrangement of elements associated with point-chiral auxiliary. Some oligomers cooperatively attained a situation where an identical sense of twisting was preferred throughout the entire molecule. On the basis of these results, we estimated diastereomeric excess induced in each oligomer. We revealed that the molar optical rotation per element was modulated with a rotational angle between elements: an increase 0° rotational arrangement, a decrease 180° rotational arrangement, or a decrease cyclic arrangement. Alternatively, for other oligomers in which several diastereomeric conformers coexist, we uniquely attempted to consider the optical rotation based on the molecular structure through the assessment of a change ratio of the absorption dissymmetry factor before and after complexation with an achiral guest. We found that molar optical rotation could be different based on the arrangement, although actual measured values were similar.
PubMed: 38952942
DOI: 10.1039/d4ra03709j