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Cureus May 2024Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is indeed one of the most common types of oral cancer, typically affecting individuals over the age of 50. It primarily originates...
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is indeed one of the most common types of oral cancer, typically affecting individuals over the age of 50. It primarily originates from the squamous epithelial cells lining the oral cavity. While it is relatively rare in individuals under 40 years old, it can still occur, albeit less frequently in that age group. Risk factors for developing OSCC include tobacco use (smoking or chewing), excessive alcohol consumption, chronic irritation (such as from poorly fitting dentures), human papillomavirus (HPV), infection, and certain dietary foods. Early detection and treatment are crucial for improving outcomes and reducing the mortality associated with this type of cancer. This report describes a case of OSCC, staged T2 N0 M0, involving the right buccal mucosa of a 51-year-old male patient. The patient reported intense pain in an ulcer on the right side of his cheek. This report focuses on the etiological factors and a brief literature review of squamous cell carcinoma.
PubMed: 38826907
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.59571 -
Frontiers in Neurology 2024Epidemiological studies have provided evidence suggesting an association between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and various oral manifestations. However, conflicting...
BACKGROUND
Epidemiological studies have provided evidence suggesting an association between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and various oral manifestations. However, conflicting conclusions have been drawn, and whether a causal association truly exists remains unclear.
METHODS
In order to investigate the potential causal association between AD and prevalent oral diseases, we conducted a bi-directional two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis based on summary statistics from genome-wide association studies of AD ( = 63,926), as well as mouth ulcer ( = 461,103), oral cavity cancer ( = 4,151), and periodontal disease ( = 527,652).
RESULTS
We identified that one standard increase in the risk of AD was causally associated with a reduced risk of oral cavity cancer (OR = 0.76, 95% CI: 0.63-0.92, = 3.73 × 10). In the opposite direction, oral conditions were not causally associated with risk of AD.
CONCLUSION
The present findings contributed to a better understanding of the correlation between AD and oral conditions, specifically oral cavity cancer. These results also identified new avenues for exploring the underlying mechanisms of oral cavity cancer.
PubMed: 38817545
DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1391625 -
World Journal of Clinical Cases May 2024In the context of mediastinal emphysema/pneumomediastinum, the main aetiologies are associated with oesophageal perforation, lung pathology or post head and neck surgery...
In the context of mediastinal emphysema/pneumomediastinum, the main aetiologies are associated with oesophageal perforation, lung pathology or post head and neck surgery related. The main way to differentiate the pathologies would be through Computed Tomographic Imaging of the Thorax and abdomen with oral and intravenous contrast in the context of triple phase imaging. The causes of pneumomediastinum should be differentiated between traumatic and non-traumatic. Oesophageal perforation (Boerhaave syndrome) is associated with Mackler's triad in upto 50% of patients (severe retrosternal chest pain, pneumomediastinum, mediastinitis). Whereas in cases of lung pathology this can be associated with pneumothorax and pleural effusion.
PubMed: 38817226
DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v12.i15.2479 -
Rheumatology (Oxford, England) May 2024Oral and genital ulcers are the hallmark manifestation of Behçet's disease (BD), significantly impacting patients' quality of life. Our study focuses on comparing the...
OBJECTIVES
Oral and genital ulcers are the hallmark manifestation of Behçet's disease (BD), significantly impacting patients' quality of life. Our study focuses on comparing the effectiveness and safety of TNF inhibitors (TNFis) and apremilast in controlling oral ulcers of BD, aiming to provide evidence-based guidance for physicians in selecting appropriate treatment modalities.
METHODS
A retrospective analysis was performed on BD patients treated between December 2016 and December 2021 with TNFis or apremilast for refractory oral ulcers. The study assessed treatment response by the absence of oral ulcers at 3 and 6 months, with additional evaluations for genital ulcers and articular involvement.
RESULTS
The study included 78 patients, equally allocated between TNFis and apremilast treatments. Both groups showed significant oral ulcer reduction at 3 (p< 0.001) and 6 months (p= 0.01) with no significant difference between the treatments. Apremilast had a notable corticosteroid-sparing effect by the 3-month follow-up, persisting through 6 months. Both treatments were equally effective in reducing genital ulcers, with TNFis showing greater effectiveness in addressing articular involvement. Apremilast had a higher discontinuation rate due to gastrointestinal side effects.
CONCLUSION
TNFis and apremilast are both effective for treating BD refractory oral ulcers. While TNFis may offer broader benefits for other disease manifestations, apremilast is distinguished by its corticosteroid-sparing effect, especially for patients with a milder disease phenotype. Treatment selection should consider individual disease severity and clinical features to ensure a personalized and effective management strategy.
PubMed: 38814802
DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keae274 -
Cureus Apr 2024Osteomyelitis affects bones, including both cortex and medulla. It influences the mandible more frequently than the maxilla. Probable etiologic factors include foci of...
Osteomyelitis affects bones, including both cortex and medulla. It influences the mandible more frequently than the maxilla. Probable etiologic factors include foci of infection or trauma; however, the hematogenous spread of infection from a distant site is also a causative factor. is the common organism involved in the causation. Clinical symptoms include signs of inflammation, pus drainage, fistulous or sinus tracts, wound disintegration, erythema, and raised local temperatures. Laboratory diagnosis with the evaluation of white blood cell count, rate of erythrocyte sedimentation, and C-reactive protein proves vitally significant. Radiographic evaluation reveals sequestra and bone destruction in the affected region. Histopathology of the lesion is confirmatory for the final diagnosis, which helps in the formulation of an appropriate management strategy. The treatment regimen usually focuses on thorough debridement of the necrotic material and an antibiotic regimen. This case report describes a male patient aged 45 years presenting with a palatal ulcer, severe halitosis, and speech difficulty. He has suffered from type II diabetes mellitus for four years. A radiological examination was carried out. Treatment was performed with surgical debridement of necrotic maxillary bone and curettage of bilateral maxillary and ethmoid sinuses under general anesthesia. Results of histopathological evaluation of the curetted material from the maxillary and ethmoid sinuses revealed osteomyelitis of the maxilla.
PubMed: 38800228
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.58983 -
Journal of Clinical Nursing May 2024Establishing a nomogram to estimate the probability of oral mucosal membrane pressure injury of endotracheal tube-intubated hospitalized patients in intensive care unit. (Review)
Review
AIMS
Establishing a nomogram to estimate the probability of oral mucosal membrane pressure injury of endotracheal tube-intubated hospitalized patients in intensive care unit.
DESIGN
Multicentre prospective cohort study.
METHODS
Using Lasso regression and COX regression, variable selection was performed on demographic, clinical and laboratory data of 1037 ICU endotracheal tube-intubated hospitalized patients from West China Hospital, to construct a nomogram. External validation was conducted on 484 ICU endotracheal tube-intubated patients from People's Hospital of Zhongjiang County.
RESULTS
Among 38 potential predictors, five variables emerged as independent predictors, integrated into the nomogram: administration of antibiotics, nutritional therapy duration, agitation, hypotension and albumin levels.
CONCLUSIONS
We established a nomogram based on the hospital characteristics of ICU endotracheal tube-intubated patients, aiding in the prediction of the occurrence of oral mucosal membrane pressure injury.
REPORTING METHOD
The study followed TRIPOD guidelines.
RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE
The nomogram we developed can assist clinical worker in better identifying at-risk patients and risk factors. It enables the implementation of evidence-based nursing interventions in care to prevent the development of oral mucosal membrane pressure injury.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
The study has been registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (http://www.chictr.org.cn) under registration number ChiCTR2200056615.
PubMed: 38797947
DOI: 10.1111/jocn.17296 -
Current Drug Safety May 2024Some drugs cause tongue disorders as adverse effects. Most of the druginduced tongue disorders are benign and will resolve after drug discontinuation. However, the...
BACKGROUND
Some drugs cause tongue disorders as adverse effects. Most of the druginduced tongue disorders are benign and will resolve after drug discontinuation. However, the changes in the color or appearance of the tongue may frighten patients and decrease compliance with drug therapy.
OBJECTIVE
To review the literature to find all reports of drug-induced tongue disorders, their presentation, management, and outcome of patients Methods: The search was conducted in Google Scholar and PubMed using key words "ageusia," "burning tongue," "coated tongue," "drug-induced taste disturbances," "dysgeusia," "glossitis," "glossodynia," "hairy tongue," "hypogeusia," "stomatodynia," "stomatopyrosis," "swollen tongue" "tongue discoloration," "tongue irritation," "tongue numbness, "tongue oedema," and "tongue ulcer. All reports that were published from 1980 to 2022 in the English language were included in the study. Reports that were not in English language but had English abstracts with adequate data for extraction were also included.
RESULTS
A total of 208 case reports and case series were included. The most reported drug classes were antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents and anti-infectives for systemic use, and the most common tongue disorders were tongue discoloration and black hairy tongue. Having good oral hygiene and discontinuing the offending drug could manage and resolve the problem.
CONCLUSION
Drug-induced tongue disorders are not rare adverse drug reactions. They are benign in most cases, and withholding offending agents results in significant improvement or complete resolution of tongue lesions.
PubMed: 38797908
DOI: 10.2174/0115748863299971240513061630 -
Molecular Biology Reports May 2024Indomethacin is an anti-inflammatory drug that causes ulcers on the gastric mucosa due to its use. Probiotic bacteria are live microorganisms, and it has been stated by...
BACKGROUND
Indomethacin is an anti-inflammatory drug that causes ulcers on the gastric mucosa due to its use. Probiotic bacteria are live microorganisms, and it has been stated by various studies that these bacteria have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, we investigated the possible protective effect of various types of probiotic bacteria (Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus fermentum, and Lactobacillus brevis) against acute gastric mucosal damage caused by indomethacin.
METHODS
Control group - Physiological saline was administered daily for 10 days. Indo group-Physiological saline was administered daily for 10 days. Ranitidine + Indo group 5 mg/kg ranitidine dose was administered daily for 5 days. On day 11, a single dose of 100 mg/kg of indomethacin was given to the same group. Probiotic + Indo group 1 ml/kg of oral probiotic bacteria was administered daily for 10 days. On day 11, a single 100 mg/kg dose of indomethacin was given. After the application, the rats were anesthetized with ketamine xylazine, killed under appropriate conditions, the abdominal cavity was opened and the stomach tissues were removed. The obtained gastric tissues were used in the biochemical and histopathological analyses discussed below. All data were statistically evaluated by one-way ANOVA using SPSS 20.00, followed by Duncan Post hoc test. The data were expressed as mean ± SD. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
RESULTS
As a result, the administration of indomethacin caused gastric damage, stimulating oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. We found that the use of probiotic bacteria reduces oxidative stress (TOC), increases the activity of antioxidant enzymes (TAC), suppresses inflammation (IL-6 and Tnf-α), and inhibits apoptosis (Bax and Bcl-2) (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION
Probiotic treatment can mitigate gastric damage and apoptosis caused by indomethacin-induced gastric damage in rats. Probiotic also enhances the restoration of biochemical oxidative enzymes as it has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiapoptotic properties.
Topics: Indomethacin; Probiotics; Animals; Stomach Ulcer; Oxidative Stress; Apoptosis; Rats; Gastric Mucosa; Inflammation; Male; Rats, Wistar; Antioxidants
PubMed: 38796650
DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09627-x -
Nutrients May 2024Recurrent oral ulcer (ROU) is a prevalent and painful oral disorder with implications beyond physical symptoms, impacting quality of life and necessitating comprehensive...
Recurrent oral ulcer (ROU) is a prevalent and painful oral disorder with implications beyond physical symptoms, impacting quality of life and necessitating comprehensive management. Understanding the interplays between dietary factors, oral microbiota, and ROU is crucial for developing targeted interventions to improve oral and systemic health. Dietary behaviors and plant-based diet indices including the healthful plant-based diet index (hPDI) were measured based on a validated food frequency questionnaire. Saliva microbial features were profiled using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. In this cross-sectional study of 579 community-based participants (aged 22-74 years, 66.5% females), 337 participants had ROU. Participants in the highest tertile of hPDI exhibited a 43% lower prevalence of ROU (odds ratio [OR] = 0.57, 95%CI: 0.34-0.94), compared to the lowest tertile, independent of demographics, lifestyle, and major chronic diseases. Participants with ROU tended to have lower oral bacterial richness (Observed ASVs, < 0.05) and distinct bacterial structure compared to those without ROU (PERMANOVA, = 0.02). The relative abundances of 16 bacterial genera were associated with ROU (-FDR < 0.20). Of these, , , and unclassified Muribaculaceae were identified as potential mediators in the association between hPDI and ROU (all -mediations < 0.05). This study provides evidence of the intricate interplays among dietary factors, oral microbiota, and ROU, offering insights that may inform preventive and therapeutic strategies targeting diets and oral microbiomes.
Topics: Humans; Female; Middle Aged; Male; Adult; Aged; Oral Ulcer; Microbiota; Cross-Sectional Studies; Saliva; Mouth; Young Adult; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Recurrence; Diet; Diet, Vegetarian; Bacteria; Diet, Healthy
PubMed: 38794756
DOI: 10.3390/nu16101519 -
Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) May 2024(-)-Fenchone is a naturally occurring monoterpene found in the essential oils of Mill., L., and Molina. Pharmacological studies have reported its antinociceptive,...
(-)-Fenchone Prevents Cysteamine-Induced Duodenal Ulcers and Accelerates Healing Promoting Re-Epithelialization of Gastric Ulcers in Rats via Antioxidant and Immunomodulatory Mechanisms.
BACKGROUND
(-)-Fenchone is a naturally occurring monoterpene found in the essential oils of Mill., L., and Molina. Pharmacological studies have reported its antinociceptive, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antidiarrheal, and antioxidant activities.
METHODS
The preventive antiulcer effects of (-)-Fenchone were assessed through oral pretreatment in cysteamine-induced duodenal lesion models. Gastric healing, the underlying mechanisms, and toxicity after repeated doses were evaluated using the acetic acid-induced gastric ulcer rat model with oral treatment administered for 14 days.
RESULTS
In the cysteamine-induced duodenal ulcer model, fenchone (37.5-300 mg/kg) significantly decreased the ulcer area and prevented lesion formation. In the acetic acid-induced ulcer model, fenchone (150 mg/kg) reduced ( < 0.001) ulcerative injury. These effects were associated with increased levels of reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), interleukin (IL)-10, and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β). Furthermore, treatment with (-)-Fenchone (150 mg/kg) significantly reduced ( < 0.001) malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and nuclear transcription factor kappa B (NF-κB). A 14-day oral toxicity investigation revealed no alterations in heart, liver, spleen, or kidney weight, nor in the biochemical and hematological parameters assessed. (-)-Fenchone protected animals from body weight loss while maintaining feed and water intake.
CONCLUSION
(-)-Fenchone exhibits low toxicity, prevents duodenal ulcers, and enhances gastric healing activities. Antioxidant and immunomodulatory properties appear to be involved in its therapeutic effects.
PubMed: 38794211
DOI: 10.3390/ph17050641