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BioImpacts : BI 2024This study aimed to assess the potential of poly (acrylic acid)/tricalcium phosphate nanoparticles (PAA/triCaPNPs) scaffold in terms of biocompatibility and...
INTRODUCTION
This study aimed to assess the potential of poly (acrylic acid)/tricalcium phosphate nanoparticles (PAA/triCaPNPs) scaffold in terms of biocompatibility and osteoconductivity properties the in-vivo evaluation as well as to investigate the performance of PAA/triCaPNPs scaffold (with or without exosomes derived from UC-MSCs) for bone regeneration of rat critical-sized defect.
METHODS
PAA/triCaPNPs scaffold was made from acrylic acid (AA) monomer, N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide (MBAA), sodium bicarbonate (SBC), and ammonium persulfate (APS) through freeze-drying method. For evaluation, we randomly divided 24 rats into three groups. The rat calvarial bone defects were treated as follows: (1) Control group: defects without any treatment, (2) scaffold group: defects treated with scaffold only, (3) scaffold+exo group: defects treated with scaffold enriched with exosomes (1 μg/μL, 150 μg per rat). Eight- and 12-weeks post-surgery, half of the animals were sacrificed and bone regeneration was examined through micro-computerized tomography (µ-CT), histological staining, and immunohistochemistry (IHC).
RESULTS
Quantitative analysis based on µ-CT scan images at 8 and 12 weeks post-implantation clearly indicated that healing rate for defects that were filled with scaffold enriched with exosome was significantly higher than defects filled with scaffold without exosome. The H&E and Masson staining results revealed that more new bone-like form developed in the scaffold+exo group than that in control and scaffold groups. Further, IHC staining for osteocalcin and CD31 confirmed that more bone healing in the scaffold+exo group at 12 weeks could be associated with osteogenesis and angiogenesis concurrently.
CONCLUSION
In the present study, we aimed to investigate the therapeutic potential of PAA/triCaPNPs scaffold as a carrier of human UC-MSC-derived exosome to achieve the exosome-controlled release on calvarial bone defect. The results indicated that the exosome-enriched scaffold could effectively minify the defect area and improve the bone healing in rat model, and as such it could be an option for exosome-based therapy.
PubMed: 38938758
DOI: 10.34172/bi.2023.27510 -
Open Veterinary Journal May 2024Acute hemorrhage is fatal in equines with a complication of severe hypovolemic shock that causes a sudden death in such cases.
BACKGROUND
Acute hemorrhage is fatal in equines with a complication of severe hypovolemic shock that causes a sudden death in such cases.
AIM
This study was designed to report the influences of acute bleeding in conscious non-sedated donkeys () on the hematobiochemical variables, acid-base, blood gas elements, and markers of inflammation and bone metabolism.
METHODS
Eight healthy donkeys were used where a total of 900 ml of whole blood was collected. Five blood samples were collected from each animal: just before collection of blood (T0); (2) 30 (T1), 60 (T2), 120 (T3), and 240 minutes (T4) later. The blood panels including total white blood cells, lymphocytes, neutrophils, red blood cell counts (RBCs), HCT, hemoglobin (Hg), and RBCs indices were measured. Biochemical parameters and electrolytes were evaluated. The activity of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatine kinase (CK), and γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT) were also determined. Complete acid-base and blood gas panels were assessed. Serum amyloid A (SAA), haptoglobin (Hp), osteocalcin (OC), bone alkaline phosphatase (b-ALP), and pyridinoline cross-links (PYD) were measured.
RESULTS
The RBCs, Hg, and HCT increased significantly at points T1, T2, and T3 compared to T0. The concentrations of total proteins and albumin decreased significantly at points T3 and T4. The blood urea nitrogen concentrations increased significantly at T4. Creatinine concentrations increased significantly at T2 and T3. The AST, GGT, and CK decreased significantly. On the other hand, glucose increased significantly at T3 and T4. The pH decreased significantly at points T1, T2, T3, and T4. The PCO increased significantly at T3 and T4. The BE, HCO, and TCO values decreased significantly at T2, T3, and T4. Contrary, the AG increased significantly at points T3 and T4. The potassium increased significantly at T1-T4 and chloride decreased significantly at T3 and T4. Lactate showed significant increases at T1-T4. The SAA, Hp, OC, b-ALP, and PYD did not differ significantly at T1-T4.
CONCLUSION
In conscious non-sedated donkeys, induced bleeding resulted in significant changes in the hematobiochemical elements, the acid-base status, and blood gas and electrolyte parameters. However, it did not change the markers of inflammation and bone metabolism.
Topics: Animals; Equidae; Biomarkers; Inflammation; Bone and Bones; Hemorrhage; Blood Gas Analysis; Acid-Base Equilibrium; Male; Female
PubMed: 38938441
DOI: 10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i5.8 -
Advanced Biology Jun 2024New-QiangGuYin (N-QGY), the addition of sea buckthorn on the basis of QGY formula, is herbal formula widely used clinically in China for the treatment of osteoporosis...
New-QiangGuYin (N-QGY), the addition of sea buckthorn on the basis of QGY formula, is herbal formula widely used clinically in China for the treatment of osteoporosis (OP), but its mechanism warrants further exploration. The mechanisms of QGY and N-QGY in the treatment of OP are probed from the perspective of osteoclast-osteoblast balance. Thirty Sprague-Dawley rats are randomly divided into N-QGY group, QGY group, and Control group. Beyond control rats that orally took normal saline, other rats are orally administered with isometric N-QGY or QGY twice every day for 3 days. The drug-containing serum and control serum are prepared and their effects on osteoclast-derived exosome secretion are determined by bicinchoninic acid assay (BCA), nanoparticle tracking analysis, and Western blot. GW4869 and Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) are adopted as the exosome inhibitor and inducer, respectively. Exosome uptake, cell counting kit-8, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining, alizarin red staining, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and Western blot are performed to examine the effects of altered osteoclast exosome content on osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). N-QGY, QGY, and GW4869 inhibit osteoclast-derived exosome secretion and exosome uptake by MSCs, whereas IL-1β exerted the opposite effects (p < 0.05). Different from IL-1β, N-QGY, QGY, and GW4869 partially elevated MSC viability, osteocalcin secretion, ALP, RUNX Family Transcription Factor 2 (RUNX2) and Osteopontin (OPN) expressions, and calcium deposition in the osteoclast-MSCs coculture system (p < 0.05). Mechanically, osteoclasts increased Notum protein level but decreased β-catenin level, which is enhanced by IL-1β but is reversed by GW4869, QGY, and N-QGY (p < 0.05). And the effect of N-QGY is more conspicuous than that of QGY (P<0.05). N-QGY-containing serum inhibits exosome levels in osteoclasts, thereby enhancing osteogenic differentiation of MSCs via inhibition of Notum protein and promotion of β-catenin protein.
PubMed: 38935529
DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202400166 -
[Bone Metabolism of Multiple Myeloma Bone Disease Patients with Different Blood Separation Results].Zhongguo Shi Yan Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi Jun 2024To investigate the clinical significance of bone metabolic indexes for disease assessment and curative effect monitoring in multiple myeloma (MM) bone disease (MBD)...
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the clinical significance of bone metabolic indexes for disease assessment and curative effect monitoring in multiple myeloma (MM) bone disease (MBD) patients with different blood separation results.
METHODS
A total of 134 newly diagnosed MM patients treated in Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated TCM-WM-Hebei were enrolled and divided into control group [119 cases, serum, colloid and red blood cell (RBC) from top to bottom of sample] and abnormal group (15 cases, serum, mixed layer of RBC and serum, colloid and RBC from top to bottom of sample) according to the results of blood separation. According to the imaging findings, MBD was classified into grade 0-4, grade 0-2 was mild, and grade 3-4 was severe. The MBD grade of patients in the two groups was analyzed. The curative effect of MBD patients after chemotherapy and the changes of blood separation results and bone metabolic indexes before and after treatment were evaluated. The correlation between β-microglobulin (MG) and bone metabolic indexes was analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis.
RESULTS
In the control group, there were 69 cases of grade 0-2 and 50 cases of grade 3-4, while in the abnormal group, there were 5 cases of grade 0-2 and 10 cases of grade 3-4, the difference was statistically significant ( < 0.05). The serum β-MG, β-CTX levels in abnormal group were both significantly higher than those in control group, while the levels of P1NP and osteocalcin (OC) were significantly lower (all < 0.001). In the control group, there were 95 patients with ≥ partial response (PR) and the blood separation results were not changed, while 24 patients with
0.05). Compared with before treatment, the levels of β-CTX and β-MG in the control group with unchanged blood separation results were significantly decreased (both < 0.001), while the levels of P1NP and OC were significantly increased ( < 0.01, < 0.001), and the level of each index in the patients transformed to abnormal blood separation result after treatment did not significantly change ( >0.05); the levels of β-CTX and β-MG in the abnormal group transformed to normal blood separation result were significantly decreased (both < 0.01), while the levels of P1NP and OC were significantly increased ( < 0.001, < 0.01), and the level of each index in patients with unchanged blood separation results did not significantly change (P>0.05). Pearson correlation analysis showed that serum β-MG was positively correlated with β-CTX ( =0.709, < 0.001), and negatively correlated with P1NP and OC ( =-0.410, =-0.412, both < 0.001). CONCLUSION
MBD patients with abnormal blood separation results have higher bone disease grade and poor prognosis, which is closely related to the significant increase of bone resorption index β-CTX level and decrease of bone formation index P1NP and OC levels, leading to more serious bone metabolic homeostasis disorder. The results of blood separation combined with the changes of bone metabolic indexes can be used as one of the comprehensive predictors of disease condition, efficacy monitoring and prognosis evaluation of MBD patients.
Topics: Humans; Multiple Myeloma; Bone and Bones; Bone Diseases; beta 2-Microglobulin; Collagen Type I; Osteocalcin; Male; Middle Aged
PubMed: 38926970
DOI: 10.19746/j.cnki.issn.1009-2137.2024.03.022 -
Journal of Applied Oral Science :... 2024to evaluate the morphological and functional characteristics of the peri-implant bone tissue that was formed during the healing process by the placement implants using...
OBJECTIVES
to evaluate the morphological and functional characteristics of the peri-implant bone tissue that was formed during the healing process by the placement implants using two different surface treatments: hydrophilic Acqua™ (ACQ) and rough NeoPoros™ (NEO), in spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) and normotensive rats (Wistar) whether or not treated with losartan.
METHODOLOGY
In total, 96 male rats (48 Wistar and 48 SHR) were divided into eight subgroups: absolute control rough (COA NEO), absolute control hydrophilic (COA ACQ), losartan control rough (COL NEO), losartan control hydrophilic (COL ACQ), SHR absolute rough (SHR NEO), SHR absolute hydrophilic (SHR ACQ), SHR losartan rough (SHRL NEO), and SHR losartan hydrophilic (SHRL ACQ). The rats medicated with losartan received daily doses of the medication. NeoPoros™ and Acqua™ implants were installed in the tibiae of the rats. After 14 and 42 days of the surgery, the fluorochromes calcein and alizarin were injected in the rats. The animals were euthanized 67 days after treatment. The collected samples were analyzed by immunohistochemistry, biomechanics, microcomputerized tomography, and laser confocal scanning microscopy analysis.
RESULTS
The osteocalcin (OC) and vascular endothelium growth factor (VEGF) proteins had moderate expression in the SHRL ACQ subgroup. The same subgroup also had the highest implant removal torque. Regarding microarchitectural characteristics, a greater number of trabeculae was noted in the control animals that were treated with losartan. In the bone mineralization activity, it was observed that the Acqua™ surface triggered higher values of MAR (mineral apposition rate) in the COA, COL, and SHRL groups (p<0.05).
CONCLUSION
the two implant surface types showed similar responses regarding the characteristics of the peri-implant bone tissue, even though the ACQ surface seems to improve the early stages of osseointegration.
Topics: Animals; Losartan; Rats, Inbred SHR; Rats, Wistar; Male; Surface Properties; Dental Implants; Time Factors; X-Ray Microtomography; Reproducibility of Results; Immunohistochemistry; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; Osseointegration; Treatment Outcome; Dental Implantation, Endosseous; Microscopy, Confocal; Tibia; Analysis of Variance; Biomechanical Phenomena; Reference Values; Osteocalcin
PubMed: 38922240
DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2023-0374 -
Journal of Functional Biomaterials Jun 2024Over the last decades, a variety of biomaterials, ranging from synthetic products to autologous and heterologous grafts, have been recommended to conserve and regenerate...
Over the last decades, a variety of biomaterials, ranging from synthetic products to autologous and heterologous grafts, have been recommended to conserve and regenerate bone tissue after tooth extraction. We conducted a biochemical study on ground extracted teeth that aimed to evaluate the osteoinductive and osteoconductive potential of dentin by assessing the releases of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP-2), osteocalcin (OC) and osteonectin (ON) over time (24 h, 10 days and 28 days). Twenty-six patients, who required the extraction of nonrestorable teeth, were enrolled in the study according to the inclusion criteria, as follows: thirteen young patients 18 to 49 years of age (UNDER 50), and thirteen patients of 50 to 70 years (OVER 50); a total of twenty-six teeth were extracted, ground and analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). All ground teeth released BMP-2, OC and ON at each time point; no differences were observed between the UNDER-50 and OVER-50 patients. The results of the study support the use of autologous dentin as osteoinductive material for bone regeneration procedures, irrespective of patients' ages.
PubMed: 38921535
DOI: 10.3390/jfb15060162 -
Biomedical Materials (Bristol, England) Jun 2024The multiphase bioactive socket plug is designed to overcome the natural healing process of the extraction socket by maintaining the three-dimensional (3D) volume of...
The multiphase bioactive socket plug is designed to overcome the natural healing process of the extraction socket by maintaining the three-dimensional (3D) volume of extraction sockets, particularly in sockets with wall defects, and later provide sufficient alveolar bone volume for implant placement. The study aimed to fabricate and evaluate the physical, mechanical, and biological performance of a multiphase bioactive socket plug in vitro. A multiphase bioactive socket plug was fabricated through freeze-drying and layer-by-layer assembly, comprised of a base serving as a scaffold, a central portion for promoting bone regeneration, an upper buccal portion for maintaining alveolar socket dimension with a covering collagen membrane (Memb) on the top and upper buccal surface to prevent soft tissue infiltration. The multiphase bioactive socket plug (BP) as the experimental group, and a pure collagen plug (CP) as a control group were investigated and compared in physicochemical and in vitro biological properties. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), radiograph and Energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) mapping confirmed the four-part BP was successfully assembled and fabricated. Swelling rate analysis indicated that BP, CP, and Memb reached swelling equilibrium within 1 hour. BP exhibited a high percentage of the remaining weight in collagenase solution (68.81 ± 2.21% on day 90) and sustained calcium ion release, reaching the maximum 0.13 ± 0.04 mmol/L on day 14. In biological assays, BP exhibited excellent cell proliferation (The OD value increased from 0.02 on day 1 to 0.23 on day 21.). The BP group exhibited higher alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and Osteocalcin (OCN) content compared to the CP group within 21 days. Memb and BP exhibited outstanding barrier function, as evidenced by Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. In summary, the multiphase bioactive socket plug represents a promising scaffold for alveolar ridge preservation application.
PubMed: 38917815
DOI: 10.1088/1748-605X/ad5ba7 -
Zhongguo Gu Shang = China Journal of... Jun 2024To explore high density lipoprotein (HDL)/low density lipoprotein (LDL) and total typeⅠcollagen amino terminal extender peptide (t-PINP)/ C-terminal peptide of...
OBJECTIVE
To explore high density lipoprotein (HDL)/low density lipoprotein (LDL) and total typeⅠcollagen amino terminal extender peptide (t-PINP)/ C-terminal peptide of typeⅠcollagen β special sequence(β-CTX)and risk of osteoporosis vertebral fractures (OPVFs) in elderly women.
METHODS
The clinical data of 446 female OPVFs patients aged above 60 years old from January 2019 to December 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. According to whether or not fracture, patients were divided into non-fracture group (186 patients) and fracture group(260 patients). Univariate analysis was performed to analysis age, body mass index(BMI), N-terminal mioldle molecular fragment of osteocalcin, N-MID OC), t-PINP, β-CTX, 25-hydroxyvitamin D[25-(OH) VitD], blood sugar (Glu), total cholesterol(TC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), Ca, P, Mg, urea (UREA), creatinine (Cr) and Cystatin C(CysC), and correlation between OPVFs and the above indexes and lipid, bone metabolism indexes between two groups;Logistic regression was performed to analyze risk factors and stratification relationship between vertebral fracture and HDL/LDL, t-PINP/β-CTX. Logistic regression was used to analyze risk factors and stratification relationship between OPVFs and HDL/LDL, t-PINP/β-CTX.
RESULTS
There were no significant difference in age and BMI between non-fracture group and fracture group (>0.05). Compared with non-fracture group, contents of HDL, t-PINP/β-CTX and HDL/LDL in fracture group were decreased, and contents of β-CTX were increased (<0.05). OPVFs was positively correlated with β-CTX (=0.110, <0.05), and negatively correlated with HDL, HDL/LDL and t-PINP/β-CTX (=-0.157, -0.175, -0.181, <0.05). HDL and HDL/LDL were negatively correlated with β-CTX (=-0.22, -0.12, <0.05) and t-PINP (=-0.13, -0.10, <0.05). 25-(OH) VitD was positively correlated with TC and HDL (=0.11, 0.18, <0.05). HDL/LDL was positively correlated with t-PINP/β-CTX(=0.11, =0.02). t-PINP/β-CTX[=0.998, 95%(0.997, 1.000), <0.05], HDL/LDL[=0.228, 95%(0.104, 0.499), <0.01] were risk factors for vertebral fracture. The lower levels between two tristratified indicators, the higher the vertebral fracture rate. The risk of fracture was 2.5 and 2 times higher in the lowest stratum than in the highest stratum, with an adjusted OR was[2.112, 95%(1.310, 3.404)] and [2.331, 95%(1.453, 3.739)], respectively.
CONCLUSION
Serum low HDL/LDL and t-PINP /β-CTX are independent risk factors for OPVF in elderly women, and have good predictive value for OPVF risk.
Topics: Humans; Female; Aged; Osteoporotic Fractures; Spinal Fractures; Lipoproteins, LDL; Middle Aged; Retrospective Studies; Lipoproteins, HDL; Procollagen; Peptide Fragments; Collagen Type I; Aged, 80 and over; Peptides; Osteocalcin
PubMed: 38910378
DOI: 10.12200/j.issn.1003-0034.20221194 -
Tissue & Cell Jun 2024Mesenchymal stem cells are used in the treatment of many diseases, particularly in the repair of bone injuries. Algae with various medicinal applications are considered...
Beneficial effects of bioactive peptides extracted from Spirulina platensis and Gracilaria gracilis algae on bone regeneration/osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells.
Mesenchymal stem cells are used in the treatment of many diseases, particularly in the repair of bone injuries. Algae with various medicinal applications are considered important natural resources. There is limited research on the effects of bioactive peptides from algae extraction on mesenchymal stem cells. In this study the impact of bioactive proteins, protein lysates and peptide fractions (<3, <30 and <50 kDa) isolated from two algae species, Spirulina platensis and Gracilaria gracilis on the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs) was investigated. The proteins were extracted ant hydrolyzed with trypsin enzyme to create peptides, which were then separated by ultrafiltration. hAMSCs were exposed to different concentrations of bioactive compounds (100, 300, 500 and 700 µg/ml) for varying time periods. Cell proliferation was assessed using the with 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, and to evaluate differentiation into bone tissue, the amount of mineral deposition was measured with alizarin red staining, and alkaline phosphatase enzyme activity was determined using a colorimetric method. The expression of Runx2, Osteocalcin, and β-Catenin genes expression was analyzed using RT-qPCR on days 7, 14 and 21 post-treatment. The results indicated that the <3 kDa peptide fraction of S. platensis and G. gracilis had no cytotoxic effects, increased cell proliferation at a concentration of 300 μg/ml, and enhanced the expression of osteogenic marker genes, alkaline phosphatase enzyme a activity, and calcium deposition in the extracellular matrix. In general, fractions that show positive effects on hAMSC differentiation have the potential to treat bone defects and promote osteoregeneration.
PubMed: 38908225
DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2024.102430 -
Regenerative Biomaterials 2024Lately, the potential risk of disease transmission due to the use of bovine-derived bone substitutes has become obvious, demonstrating the urgent need for a synthetic...
Effect of a synthetic hydroxyapatite-based bone grafting material compared to established bone substitute materials on regeneration of critical-size bone defects in the ovine scapula.
Lately, the potential risk of disease transmission due to the use of bovine-derived bone substitutes has become obvious, demonstrating the urgent need for a synthetic grafting material with comparable bioactive behaviour and properties. Therefore, the effect of a synthetic hydroxyapatite (HA) (Osbone) bone grafting material on bone regeneration was evaluated 2 weeks, 1 month, and 3, 6, 12 and 18 months after implantation in critical-size bone defects in the ovine scapula and compared to that of a bovine-derived HA (Bio-Oss) and β-tricalcium phosphate (TCP) (Cerasorb M). New bone formation and the biodegradability of the bone substitutes were assessed histomorphometrically. Hard tissue histology and immunohistochemical analysis were employed to characterize collagen type I, alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, as well as bone sialoprotein expression in the various cell and matrix components of the bone tissue to evaluate the bioactive properties of the bone grafting materials. No inflammatory tissue response was detected with any of the bone substitute materials studied. After 3 and 6 months, β-TCP (Cerasorb M) showed superior bone formation when compared to both HA-based materials (3 months: β-TCP 55.65 ± 2.03% vs. SHA 49.05 ± 3.84% and BHA 47.59 ± 1.97%; ≤0.03; 6 months: β-TCP 62.03 ± 1.58%; SHA: 55.83 ± 2.59%; BHA: 53.44 ± 0.78%; ≤0.04). Further, after 12 and 18 months, a similar degree of bone formation and bone-particle contact was noted for all three bone substitute materials without any significant differences. The synthetic HA supported new bone formation, osteogenic marker expression, matrix mineralization and good bone-bonding behaviour to an equal and even slightly superior degree compared to the bovine-derived HA. As a result, synthetic HA can be regarded as a valuable alternative to the bovine-derived HA without the potential risk of disease transmission.
PubMed: 38903563
DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbae041