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Circulation Journal : Official Journal... May 2024The relationships of the clinical and biological attributes of epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) with aortic valve calcification (AVC) have not been characterized. We...
BACKGROUND
The relationships of the clinical and biological attributes of epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) with aortic valve calcification (AVC) have not been characterized. We evaluated the relationships of the clinical and histological features of EAT with AVC assessed using computed tomography (CT).Methods and Results: We enrolled 43 patients undergoing cardiac CT examination prior to elective cardiac surgery in whom AVC was identified on CT. EAT volume and density, coronary calcium score (CCS), AVC score (AVCS), and coronary atherosclerosis on CT angiography were evaluated in each patient. During cardiac surgery, 2 EAT samples were obtained for immunohistochemistry. The number of CD68- and CD11c-positive macrophages and osteocalcin-positive cells was counted in 6 random high-power fields of EAT sections. EAT density, but not EAT volume normalized to body surface area, was positively correlated with the number of macrophages and osteocalcin-positive cells in EAT. There was a positive correlation between ln(AVCS), but not ln(CCS+1), and the number of macrophages and osteocalcin-positive cells in EAT. Multivariate analysis revealed significant positive correlations for ln(AVCS) with EAT density (β=0.42; P=0.0072) and the number of CD68-positive macrophages (β=0.57; P=0.0022), CD11c-positive macrophages (β=0.62; P=0.0003), and osteocalcin-positive cells (β=0.52; P=0.0021) in EAT.
CONCLUSIONS
Inflammation and osteogenesis in EAT, reflected by high CT density, are associated with the severity of AVC representing aortic valve degeneration.
PubMed: 38763753
DOI: 10.1253/circj.CJ-24-0226 -
International Journal of Biological... Jun 2024We aimed to investigate the effect of Lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBP) on the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts in postmenopausal individuals with...
OBJECTIVE
We aimed to investigate the effect of Lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBP) on the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts in postmenopausal individuals with osteoporosis using in vitro cell experiments.
METHODS
We assessed the effect of long-term LBP consumption on the intestinal metabolites of individuals using a simulation of the human intestinal microbiota ecosystem. We also tested the capacity of LBP in proliferating MC3T3-E1 cells using the cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) method and analyzed the effect of intestinal metabolites on the osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells by testing bone metabolism viability with relevant indicators.
RESULTS
The level of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) significantly increased (p < 0.05), and the concentrations of acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid all showed an upward trend after the treatment using LBP. At appropriate concentrations, the fermentation supernatant can enhance osteoblast proliferation by significantly increasing the active expression of bone-alkaline phosphatase (B-ALP) and osteocalcin (OCN) in osteoblasts (p < 0.05).
CONCLUSION
By modulating the metabolites of intestinal microbiota, production of SCFAs, the prebiotic properties of LBP can enhance osteoblast differentiation through in vitro simulation experiment and cell-based assay.
Topics: Osteoblasts; Humans; Cell Differentiation; Cell Proliferation; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Female; Mice; Animals; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal; Fatty Acids, Volatile; Osteogenesis; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Alkaline Phosphatase; Cell Line; Osteocalcin
PubMed: 38759858
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132415 -
Frontiers in Cell and Developmental... 2024Prohibitin (PHB) is an essential scaffold protein that modulates signaling pathways controlling cell survival, metabolism, inflammation, and bone formation. However,...
Prohibitin (PHB) is an essential scaffold protein that modulates signaling pathways controlling cell survival, metabolism, inflammation, and bone formation. However, its specific role in periodontium development remains less understood. This study aims to elucidate the expression pattern and function of PHB in periodontium development and its involvement in alveolar bone formation. Immunolocalization of PHB in the periodontium of postnatal (PN) mice were examined. morpholino was micro-injected into the right-side mandible at PN5, corresponding to the position where the alveolar bone process forms in relation to the lower first molar. The micro-injection with a scramble control (PF-127) and the left-side mandibles were used as control groups. Five days post-micro-injection, immunohistochemical analysis and micro-CT evaluation were conducted to assess bone mass and morphological changes. Additionally, expression patterns of signaling molecules were examined following downregulation using 24-h cultivation of developing dental mesenchyme at E14.5. The immunostaining of PHB showed its localization in the periodontium at PN5, PN8, and PN10. The cultivation of dental mesenchyme resulted in alterations in Bmps, Runx2, and Wnt signalings after knock-down. At 5 days post-micro-injection, knocking down showed weak immunolocalizations of runt-related transcription factor (RUNX2) and osteocalcin (OCN). However, knocking down led to histological alterations characterized by decreased bone mass and stronger localizations of Ki67 and PERIOSTIN in the periodontium compared 1 to control groups. The micro-CT evaluation showed decreased bone volume and increased PDL space in the knock-down specimens, suggesting its regulatory role in bone formation. The region-specific localization of PHB in the margin where alveolar bone forms suggests its involvement in alveolar bone formation and the differentiation of the periodontal ligament. Overall, our findings suggest that plays a modulatory role in alveolar bone formation by harmoniously regulating bone-forming-related signaling molecules during periodontium development.
PubMed: 38756696
DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1369634 -
Journal of Applied Oral Science :... 2024Studies have highlighted numerous benefits of ozone therapy in the field of medicine and dentistry, including its antimicrobial efficacy against various pathogenic...
OBJECTIVE
Studies have highlighted numerous benefits of ozone therapy in the field of medicine and dentistry, including its antimicrobial efficacy against various pathogenic microorganisms, its ability to modulate the immune system effectively, reduce inflammation, prevent hypoxia, and support tissue regeneration. However, its effects on dental extraction healing remain to be elucidated. .Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of systemically administered ozone (O3) at different doses in the healing of dental extraction sockets in rats.
METHODOLOGY
To this end, 72 Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups after extraction of the right upper central incisor: Group C - control, no systemic treatment; Group OZ0.3 - animals received a single dose of 0.3 mg/kg O3; Group OZ0.7 - a single dose of 0.7 mg/kg O3; and Group OZ1.0 - a single dose of 1.0 mg/kg O3, intraperitoneally. In total, six animals from each group were euthanized at 7, 14, and 21 days after the commencement of treatment. Bone samples were harvested and further analyzed by descriptive histology, histomorphometry, and immunohistochemistry for osteocalcin (OCN) and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) protein expression.
RESULTS
All applied doses of O3 were shown to increase the percentage of bone tissue (PBT) after 21 days compared to group C. After 14 days, the OZ0.7 and OZ1.0 groups showed significantly higher PBT when compared to group C. The OZ1.0 group presented the most beneficial results regarding PBT among groups, which denotes a dose-dependent response. OCN immunostaining was higher in all groups at 21 days. However, after seven and 14 days, the OZ1.0 group showed a significant increase in OCN immunostaining compared to C group. No differences in TRAP+ osteoclasts were found between groups and time points.
CONCLUSION
Therefore, O3 therapy at higher doses might be beneficial for bone repair of the alveolar socket following tooth extraction.
Topics: Animals; Ozone; Rats, Wistar; Tooth Extraction; Tooth Socket; Wound Healing; Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase; Immunohistochemistry; Osteocalcin; Time Factors; Male; Random Allocation; Reproducibility of Results; Treatment Outcome; Reference Values
PubMed: 38747807
DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2023-0412 -
Frontiers in Endocrinology 2024To investigate the relationship between bone turnover markers (BTMs) and thyroid indicators in Graves' disease (GD) and to further assess predictive value of changes in...
PURPOSE
To investigate the relationship between bone turnover markers (BTMs) and thyroid indicators in Graves' disease (GD) and to further assess predictive value of changes in early stage retrospectively.
METHODS
We studied 435 patients with GD and 113 healthy physical examiners retrospectively and followed up these two groups of patients after 6 months. We investigated the correlations between BTMs and other 15 observed factors, and analyzed the predictive value of FT and FT before and after treatment (FT-P/FT-A, FT-P/FT-A) on whether BTMs recovered.
RESULTS
The levels of thyroid hormones and BTMs in GD group were significantly higher than those in control group (P < 0.05) and decreased after 6 months of treatment. FT3, W, Ca and ALP were independent factors in predicting the elevation of OST. Duration of disease, FT3, TSH and ALP were independent factors in predicting the elevation of P1NP. Age, duration of disease, TRAb and ALP were independent factors in predicting the elevation of CTX-1. The AUC of FT-P/FT-A and FT-P/FT-A for predicting OST recovery were 0.748 and 0.705 (P < 0.05), respectively, and the cut-off values were 0.51 and 0.595. There was no predictive value for P1NP and CTX-1 recovery (P > 0.05).
CONCLUSION
BTMs were abnormally elevated in GD and were significantly correlated with serum levels of FT3, FT4, TRAb, Ca, and ALP. FT decreased more than 51% and FT dropped more than 59.5% after 6 months of treatment were independent predictors for the recovery of BTMs in GD.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Graves Disease; Adult; Biomarkers; Retrospective Studies; Middle Aged; Bone Remodeling; Predictive Value of Tests; Thyroid Gland; Bone and Bones; Thyroid Hormones; Case-Control Studies; Prognosis; Antithyroid Agents; Thyroxine; Triiodothyronine; Follow-Up Studies
PubMed: 38742199
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1301213 -
Journal of Dentistry Jul 2024The objective of this study was to assess whether zinc-doped fluorapatite (ZnFA) could serve as an effective antimicrobial dental bone filler for bone regeneration...
OBJECTIVES
The objective of this study was to assess whether zinc-doped fluorapatite (ZnFA) could serve as an effective antimicrobial dental bone filler for bone regeneration compared to autografts.
METHODS
FA and 2 % zinc-doped FA (2ZnFA) were synthesized and characterized in-house. Compressed and sintered FA and 2ZnFA disks were incubated with bacteria to assess antimicrobial properties. Adipose-derived stem cells were cultured on these discs to evaluate the surfaces' ability to support cell growth and promote osteogenic differentiation. Surfaces exhibiting the highest expressions of the bone markers osteopontin and osteocalcin were selected for an in vivo study in a rat mandibular defect model. Twenty rats were divided into 5 groups, equally, and a 5 mm surgical defect of the jaw was left untreated or filled with 2ZnFA, FA, autograft, or demineralized bone matrix (DBM). At 12 weeks, the defects and surrounding tissues were harvested and subjected to microCT and histological evaluations.
RESULTS
Standard techniques such as FTIR, ICP-MS, fluoride probe, and XRD revealed the sintered FA and ZnFA's chemical compositions and structures. Bacterial studies revealed no significant differences in surface bacterial adhesion properties between FA and 2ZnFA, but significantly fewer bacterial loads than control titanium discs (p < 0.05). Cell culture data confirmed that both surfaces could support cell growth and promote the osteogenic differentiation of stem cells. MicroCT analysis confirmed statistical similarities in bone regeneration within FA, 2ZnFA, and autograft groups.
CONCLUSION
The data suggests that both FA and 2ZnFA could serve as alternatives to autograft materials, which are the current gold standard. Moreover, these bone fillers outperformed DBM, an allograft material commonly used as a dental bone void filler.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
The use of FA or 2ZnFA for treating mandibular defects led to bone regeneration statistically similar to autograft repair and significantly outperformed the widely used dental bone filler, DBM. Additional translational research may confirm FA-based materials as superior substitutes for existing synthetic bone fillers, ultimately enhancing patient outcomes.
Topics: Animals; Apatites; Bone Regeneration; Rats; Tissue Scaffolds; Zinc; Osteogenesis; Cell Differentiation; Bone Substitutes; Osteopontin; Stem Cells; Mandible; X-Ray Microtomography; Osteocalcin; Adipose Tissue; Anti-Infective Agents; Cell Proliferation; Male; Cells, Cultured; Bone Transplantation; Autografts; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared
PubMed: 38740251
DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2024.105070 -
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology... May 2024Controversial results have emerged regarding whether PCOS is protective or increases the risk of bone frailty.
CONTEXT
Controversial results have emerged regarding whether PCOS is protective or increases the risk of bone frailty.
OBJECTIVE
This study investigated whether the PCOS condition affects bone parameters of premenopausal women. This is an update for a previous meta-analysis published in 2019.
DATA SOURCES
We searched MEDLINE and Embase.
STUDY SELECTION
Studies were considered eligible for the update if published in English between the 1st of October 2018 and the 31st of December 2023. The diagnosis of PCOS should be based on NIH criteria, the Rotterdam Consensus, AE-PCOS society criteria, or ICD codes in women over 18 years old. Only records with the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale > 6 were selected for data extraction.
DATA EXTRACTION
Data were extracted by two independent reviewers.
DATA SYNTHESIS
We identified 31 studies that met the inclusion criteria for qualitative analysis from 3322 studies in the whole period (1990-2023). Overall, cross-sectional studies included 1822 individuals with PCOS and 1374 controls, while cohort studies incorporated 30305 women with PCOS and 101907 controls. Contrasting profiles emerged after stratification using a BMI cutoff of 27 kg/m2. Individuals with PCOS and a BMI <27 kg/m2 exhibited lower vertebral and non-vertebral bone density, reduced bone turnover marker (osteocalcin), and increased bone resorption marker (CTX) levels. Conversely, individuals with PCOS and a BMI >27 kg/m2 exhibited increased vertebral and non-vertebral BMD, with no significant changes in bone formation and resorption markers (except osteocalcin).
CONCLUSIONS
The findings of this study alert for a low bone mass, low bone formation, and increased bone resorption PCOS with a BMI <27 kg/m2.
PubMed: 38739756
DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgae325 -
Bone Reports Jun 2024Dairy foods are nutritional sources of calcium, phosphorus, protein, and other nutrients that improve bone health. However, the effects of dairy consumption on bone...
Dairy consumption, bone turnover biomarkers, and osteo sono assessment index in Japanese adults: A cross-sectional analysis of data from the Iwaki Health Promotion Project.
PURPOSE
Dairy foods are nutritional sources of calcium, phosphorus, protein, and other nutrients that improve bone health. However, the effects of dairy consumption on bone biomarkers in the Japanese population remain unclear. This study explored the association between dairy consumption and bone biomarkers in Japanese adults.
METHODS
This cross-sectional study was conducted as part of the Iwaki Health Promotion Project in Aomori, Japan. In total, 1063 adults were included in the analysis. Bone turnover marker levels were measured in local citizens during their annual medical checkups. The calcaneus osteo sono assessment index (OSI) was calculated using a quantitative ultrasound technique. The dietary intake of foods and nutrients was estimated using a food frequency questionnaire. Linear regression models were established using dairy consumption and bone biomarkers with adjustments. Statistic significance was considered by < 0.05.
RESULTS
In multivariate models, the tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b and parathyroid hormone concentrations were inversely associated with dietary dairy consumption after adjusting for age and sex. The undercarboxylated osteocalcin, a procollagen type I N-terminal peptide to bone alkaline phosphatase ratio, and OSI were the directly associated with dairy consumption in multivariate models with adjustment.
CONCLUSIONS
Dairy consumption is partially associated with bone turnover biomarkers and OSI in adult Japanese participants. Habitual consumption of dairy foods may contribute to the nutritional supplementation for maintaining bone health, including turnover and structure.
CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRY NUMBER AND WEBSITE WHERE IT WAS OBTAINED
The Japanese Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN000040459), https://center6.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000046175.
PubMed: 38736771
DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2024.101770 -
Bone Aug 2024MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate osteogenic differentiation processes and influence the development of osteoporosis (OP). This study aimed to investigate the potential role...
BACKGROUND
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate osteogenic differentiation processes and influence the development of osteoporosis (OP). This study aimed to investigate the potential role of miR-466 l-3p in OP.
METHODS
The expression levels of miR-466 l-3p and fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) were quantified in the trabeculae of the femoral neck of 40 individuals with or without OP using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The impact of miR-466 l-3p or FGF23 expression on cell proliferation and the expression levels of runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), type I collagen (Col1), osteocalcin (OCN), osterix (OSX) and dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1) was quantified in human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) overexpressing miR-466 l-3p. Furthermore, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining and alizarin red staining were performed to measure ALP activity and the levels of calcium deposition, respectively. In addition, bioinformatics analysis, luciferase reporter assays, and RNA pull-down assays were conducted to explore the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of miR-466 l-3p and FGF23 in osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs.
RESULTS
The expression levels of miR-466 l-3p were significantly lower in femoral neck trabeculae of patients with OP than in the control cohort, whereas FGF23 levels exhibited the opposite trend. Furthermore, miR-466 l-3p levels were upregulated and FGF23 levels were downregulated in hBMSCs during osteogenic differentiation. Moreover, the high miR-466 l-3p expression enhanced the mRNA expression of RUNX2, Col1, OCN, OSX and DMP1, as well as cell proliferation, ALP activity, and calcium deposition in hBMSCs. FGF23 was found to be a direct target of miR-466 l-3p. FGF23 overexpression downregulated the expression of osteoblast markers and inhibited the osteogenic differentiation induced by miR-466 l-3p overexpression. qRT-PCR and Western blot assays showed that miR-466 l-3p overexpression decreased the expression levels of mRNAs and proteins associated with the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway, whereas FGF23 upregulation exhibited the opposite trend.
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, these findings suggest that miR-466 l-3p enhances the osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs by suppressing FGF23 expression, ultimately preventing OP.
Topics: Humans; Osteogenesis; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; MicroRNAs; Cell Differentiation; Fibroblast Growth Factor-23; Fibroblast Growth Factors; Female; Male; Cell Proliferation; Middle Aged; Signal Transduction; Osteoporosis; Bone Marrow Cells; Base Sequence
PubMed: 38735373
DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2024.117123 -
Food Research International (Ottawa,... Jun 2024Biogenic nanoparticles are promising carriers to deliver essential minerals. Here, calcium-enriched polyphosphate nanoparticles (CaPNPs) with a Ca/P molar ratio > 0.5...
Biogenic nanoparticles are promising carriers to deliver essential minerals. Here, calcium-enriched polyphosphate nanoparticles (CaPNPs) with a Ca/P molar ratio > 0.5 were produced by Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002 in the growth medium containing 1.08 g/L CaCl, and had nearly spherical morphologies with a wide size distribution of 5-75 nm and strongly anionic surface properties with an average ζ-potential of -39 mV, according to dynamic light-scattering analysis, transmission and scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The ex-vivo ligated mouse ileal loop assays found that calcium in CaPNPs was readily available to intestinal absorption via both ion channel-mediated and endocytic pathways, specifically invoking macropinocytic internalization, lysosomal degradation, and transcytosis. Rat oral pharmacokinetics revealed that CaPNPs had a calcium bioavailability approximately 100 % relative to that of CaCl and more than 1.6 times of that of CaCO. CaPNPs corrected the retinoic acid-induced increase in serum calcium, phosphorus, and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase, and decrease in serum osteocalcin, bone mineral content/density, and femoral geometric parameters with an efficacy equivalent to CaCl and markedly greater than CaCO. In contrast to CaCl, CaPNPs possessed desirable resistance against phytate's antagonistic action on calcium absorption in these ex vivo and in vivo studies. Overall, CaPNPs are attractive as a candidate agent for calcium supplementation, especially to populations on high-phytate diets.
Topics: Animals; Nanoparticles; Polyphosphates; Biological Availability; Mice; Phytic Acid; Calcium; Male; Microalgae; Rats; Intestinal Absorption; Rats, Sprague-Dawley
PubMed: 38729691
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114321