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BMC Plant Biology Jun 2024Common bean provides diet rich in vitamins, fiber, minerals, and protein, which could contribute into food security of needy populations in many countries. Developing...
Common bean provides diet rich in vitamins, fiber, minerals, and protein, which could contribute into food security of needy populations in many countries. Developing genotypes that associate favorable agronomic and grain quality traits in the common bean crop could increase the chances of adopting new cultivars black bean. In this context, the present study aimed at selection of superior black bean lines using multi-variate indexes, Smith-Hazel-index, and genotype by yield*trait biplot analysis. These trials were conducted in Campos dos Goytacazes - RJ, in 2020 and 2021. The experimental design used was randomized blocks, with 28 treatments and three replications. The experimental unit consisted of four rows 4.0 m long, spaced at 0.50 m apart, with a sowing density of 15 seeds per meter. The two central rows were used for the evaluations. The selection of superior genotypes was conducted using the multiple trait stability index (MTSI), multi-trait genotype-ideotype distance index (MGIDI), multi-trait index based on factor analysis and genotype-ideotype distance (FAI-BLUP), Smith-Hazel index, and Genotype by Yield*Trait Biplot (GYT). The multivariate indexes efficiently selected the best black bean genotypes, presenting desirable selection gains for most traits. The use of multivariate indexes and GYT enable the selection of early genotypes with higher grain yields. These lines G9, G13, G17, G23, and G27 were selected based on their performance for multiple traits closest to the ideotype and could be recommended as new varieties.
Topics: Genotype; Phaseolus; Plant Breeding; Selection, Genetic; Crops, Agricultural; Phenotype
PubMed: 38858659
DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05248-5 -
PloS One 2024To investigate the relationships between handheld dynamometer (HHD), isokinetic and Nordic hamstrings exercise (NHE) measurements of knee flexor strength and their...
OBJECTIVES
To investigate the relationships between handheld dynamometer (HHD), isokinetic and Nordic hamstrings exercise (NHE) measurements of knee flexor strength and their association with sprinting performance.
DESIGN
Cross-sectional.
METHODS
The relationships between HHD (prone isometric, prone break and supine break knee flexor strength tests), isokinetic and NHE peak knee flexor strength measures were examined using Pearson product correlations on 38 female footballers. A linear regression analysis was also performed for each pair of dependent variables (10 and 30 metre sprint times) and independent predictor variables (average relative peak torque for HHD, isokinetic and NHE testing).
RESULTS
There were good correlations between HHD tests (r = 0.81-0.90, p < 0.001, R2 = 0.65-0.82), moderate correlations between HHD and isokinetic peak torque, (r = 0.61-0.67, p < 0.001, R2 = 0.37-0.44) and poor association between the HHD peak torques and isokinetic work (r = 0.44-0.46, p = 0.005-0.007, R2 = 0.20-0.21) and average power (r = 0.39-0.45, n = 36, p = 0.006-0.019, R2 = 0.15-0.22). There was a poor association between NHE peak torque and isokinetic total work (r = 0.34, p = 0.04, R2 = 0.12). No associations between knee flexor strength and sprint times were observed (p = 0.12-0.79, r2 = 0.002-0.086).
CONCLUSIONS
Moderate to good correlations within HHD testing and poor to moderate correlations between HHD and isokinetic testing were observed. HHD knee flexor torque assessment may be useful to regularly chart the progress of hamstring rehabilitation for female footballers. Knee flexor strength assessments were not associated with sprint times in female footballers. Other aspects of knee flexor strength and sprint performance should be investigated to assist clinicians in making return to running and sprinting decisions in this population.
Topics: Humans; Female; Muscle Strength; Hamstring Muscles; Cross-Sectional Studies; Young Adult; Running; Athletic Performance; Linear Models; Adult; Muscle Strength Dynamometer; Adolescent; Torque; Knee
PubMed: 38857230
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0302901 -
Respiratory Medicine 2024Salbutamol is a cornerstone for relieving acute asthma symptoms, typically administered through a pressurized metered-dose inhaler (pMDI). Dry powder inhalers (DPIs)... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study
BACKGROUND
Salbutamol is a cornerstone for relieving acute asthma symptoms, typically administered through a pressurized metered-dose inhaler (pMDI). Dry powder inhalers (DPIs) offer an alternative, but concerns exist whether DPIs provide an effective relief during an obstructive event.
OBJECTIVE
We aimed to show non-inferiority of Salbutamol Easyhaler DPI compared to pMDI with spacer in treating methacholine-induced bronchoconstriction. Applicability of Budesonide-formoterol Easyhaler DPI as a reliever was also assessed.
METHODS
This was a randomized, parallel-group trial in subjects sent to methacholine challenge (MC) test for asthma diagnostics. Participants with at least 20 % decrease in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV) were randomized to receive Salbutamol Easyhaler (2 × 200 μg), Ventoline Evohaler with spacer (4 × 100 μg) or Budesonide-formoterol Easyhaler (2 × 160/4.5 μg) as a reliever. The treatment was repeated if FEV did not recover to at least -10 % of baseline.
RESULTS
180 participants (69 % females, mean age 46 yrs [range 18-80], FEV%pred 89.5 [62-142] %) completed the trial. Salbutamol Easyhaler was non-inferior to pMDI with spacer in acute relief of bronchoconstriction showing a -0.083 (95 % LCL -0.146) L FEV difference after the first dose and -0.032 (-0.071) L after the last dose. The differences in FEV between Budesonide-formoterol Easyhaler and Salbutamol pMDI with spacer were -0.163 (-0.225) L after the first and -0.092 (-0.131) L after the last dose.
CONCLUSION
The study confirms non-inferiority of Salbutamol Easyhaler to Ventoline Evohaler with spacer in relieving acute bronchoconstriction, making Easyhaler a sustainable and safe reliever for MC test and supports its use during asthma attacks.
Topics: Humans; Methacholine Chloride; Female; Bronchoconstriction; Male; Adult; Asthma; Middle Aged; Albuterol; Dry Powder Inhalers; Forced Expiratory Volume; Bronchodilator Agents; Young Adult; Administration, Inhalation; Metered Dose Inhalers; Adolescent; Bronchial Provocation Tests; Treatment Outcome; Aged; Inhalation Spacers; Budesonide, Formoterol Fumarate Drug Combination
PubMed: 38851404
DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2024.107693 -
Contemporary Clinical Trials... Jun 2024Enteral nutrition (EN) is preferred when oral feeding is not possible. The use of the Nasogastric Tube (NGT) ensures rapid and low-risk nutrient administration. However,...
BACKGROUND
Enteral nutrition (EN) is preferred when oral feeding is not possible. The use of the Nasogastric Tube (NGT) ensures rapid and low-risk nutrient administration. However, confirming the placement through chest radiography, besides delaying the initiation of nutritional therapy, exposes patients to radiation. The pH test of gastric aspirate provides a quicker check for NGT placement, but its reliability is compromised by challenges related to aspirating gastric secretions.
STUDY OBJECTIVE
The main objective of this study is to assess the high-performance placement of NGTs for nutritional purposes, optimizing the evaluation of correct insertion through pH testing using an electronic pH meter. Additionally, the study aims to evaluate patient tolerance to the intervention.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This single-center RCT will include 150 EN candidate patients divided into three groups. Each group will use distinct NGTs, evaluating placement through pH testing and chest radiography for safety. Tolerance, complications related to NGT placement, and costs will be assessed, with data collected anonymously through a secure electronic database.
ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS
authorization no. 3624, Territorial Ethical Committee Lombardy 5, October 20, 2023.
IMPLICATIONS AND PERSPECTIVES
This protocol introduces innovative technologies, such as advanced NGTs and an electronic pH meter, aiming to optimize enteral nutrition management. This RCT focuses on replacing X-rays as the primary method for verifying NGT placement, thereby reducing costs, time, and patient exposure to radiation. Data analysis may provide insights into managing patients on pH-altering medication. Implementing innovative technologies has the potential to reduce errors and improve economic efficiency and process sustainability.
PubMed: 38845620
DOI: 10.1016/j.conctc.2024.101312 -
Journal of Sports Science & Medicine Jun 2024The aim of this study was two-fold: (i) to compare physical fitness adaptations following small-sided games (SSG) and running-based high-intensity interval training... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Sex Influences the Extent of Physical Performance Adaptations in Response to Small-Sided Games and Running-Based High-Intensity Interval Training: A Parallel Study Design Involving Men and Women Soccer Players.
The aim of this study was two-fold: (i) to compare physical fitness adaptations following small-sided games (SSG) and running-based high-intensity interval training (HIIT), considering sex interactions; and (ii) to describe intra-individual variations of adaptations in both men and women developmental/trained soccer players over an 8-week randomized parallel study design involving 25 women and 27 men. Pre and post-intervention assessments included countermovement jump (CMJ), 10-meter linear sprint test, change-of-direction (COD) deficit, and final velocity at 30-15 Intermittent Fitness Test (VIFT). Significant interactions between time, groups and sex were found in 10-m sprint (F = 6.042; = 0.018; η = 0.112). No significant interactions between time, groups and sex were found in CMJ (F F = 0.609; = 0.439; η = 0.013), COD deficit (F F = 2.718; p = 0.106; η = 0.054) and VIFT (F F = 1.141; = 0.291; η = 0.023). Significant interactions were found between time and sex in CMJ (F F = 29.342; < 0.001; η= 0.379), 10-m sprint (F F = 4.359; = 0.042; η = 0.083), COD deficit (F F = 5.066; = 0.029; η= 0.095) and VIFT (F F = 11.248; = 0.002; η = 0.190). In conclusion, this study suggests similar effects of HIIT in both sexes. However, for women, SSG may entail less efficacy and more inter-individual variability compared to men. Therefore, HIIT could potentially be a better solution for women, whereas both training approaches were equally effective in men.
Topics: Humans; Soccer; High-Intensity Interval Training; Female; Male; Adaptation, Physiological; Sex Factors; Athletic Performance; Young Adult; Running; Physical Fitness; Exercise Test; Adult
PubMed: 38841647
DOI: 10.52082/jssm.2024.265 -
Journal of Sports Science & Medicine Jun 2024Small-sided games (SSGs) are frequently utilized in training settings to elicit specific stimuli that can promote physical fitness adaptations over time. However,... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Can The Pitch Dimension Influence the Physical Fitness Adaptations Induced by Small-Sided Training Programs Added to Regular In-Field Training? A Randomized Controlled Study in Youth Soccer Players.
Small-sided games (SSGs) are frequently utilized in training settings to elicit specific stimuli that can promote physical fitness adaptations over time. However, various task constraints, such as pitch dimensions, can significantly influence both the acute external and internal load responses. Thus, understanding the impact of different pitch dimensions on physical fitness adaptations is crucial. This study sought to compare the physical adaptations induced by an SSG-based program utilizing more elongated pitches (SSGlw2; length-to-width ratio: 2.0) versus less elongated pitches (SSGwl1; length-to-width ratio: 1.0) on the Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test level 1 (YYIRT), and 30-meter sprint. This study employed a randomized controlled design. Forty-eight male soccer players (16.4 ± 0.6 years) participated. These players were randomly allocated to two experimental groups (N = 16, SSGlw1; N = 16, SSGlw2) and underwent two weekly additional training sessions over an 8-week period, while a group of 16 players continued with their regular in-field sessions as a control group. Evaluations were conducted before and after the intervention period. Significant interactions time u group were observed in regards YYIRT (F = 15.857; p < 0.001; = 0.413) and 30-m sprint test (p < 0.001). Between-group differences on YYIRT were found in post-intervention (p < 0.001), on which SSGlw2 (p < 0.001) and SSGlw1 (p < 0.001) were significantly greater in comparison to control group. Additionally, between-group differences on 30-m sprint were found in post-intervention (p < 0.001), on which SSGlw2 was significantly better than SSGlw1 (p < 0.001) and control group (p < 0.001). Coaches are advised to prioritize the use of more elongated pitch sizes to promote adaptations in sprint performance, while still acknowledging that aerobic capacity improvements remain significant compared to other pitch shapes.
Topics: Humans; Soccer; Male; Adolescent; Adaptation, Physiological; Physical Fitness; Physical Conditioning, Human; Athletic Performance; Running; Exercise Test
PubMed: 38841646
DOI: 10.52082/jssm.2024.487 -
Journal of Sports Science & Medicine Jun 2024Microdosing can facilitate better accommodation to the training stimulus while aligning with the scheduling needs of teams. In this study, the effectiveness of... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Microdosing can facilitate better accommodation to the training stimulus while aligning with the scheduling needs of teams. In this study, the effectiveness of microdosing exposure was investigated by comparing the effects of microdosing plyometric jump training (microPJT) with those of regular plyometric jump training (regPJT) and a control group not exposed to plyometric training. The comparison focused on the effects on jumping performance, reactive strength index (RSI), and acceleration over a 10-meter distance. Fifty-two male youth soccer players (16.3 ± 0.6 years old) from under-17 teams participated in a randomized controlled study, with interventions lasting 8 weeks. Assessments were conducted twice, before and after the intervention, measuring squat jump (SJ), countermovement jump (CMJ), RSI during drop jumps, and acceleration in a 10-meter sprint test. The regPJT group completed 34 bilateral jumps and 48 unilateral jumps per week over two weekly sessions, totaling 82 jumps. Conversely, the microPJT group performed 17 bilateral jumps and 24 unilateral jumps weekly over 4 sessions week, totaling 41 jumps. Significant interactions between groups and time were observed concerning SJ (p < 0.001; = 0.282), CMJ (p < 0.001; = 0.368), RSI (p < 0.001; = 0.400) and 10-m sprint time (p < 0.001; = 0.317). Between-group analysis indicated that both the microPJT (p < 0.001) and regPJT (p < 0.001) groups exhibited significant better results compared to the control group in post-intervention evaluation of SJ, CMJ, RSI and 10-m sprint time, while no significant differences were found between experimental groups (p > 0.050). In conclusion, this study has revealed that both microPJT and regPJT are equally effective in enhancing jumping performance and acceleration time in soccer players. This suggests that a smaller training volume, distributed more frequently across the week, can effectively induce improvements in soccer players.
Topics: Humans; Soccer; Plyometric Exercise; Adolescent; Male; Athletic Performance; Acceleration; Muscle Strength
PubMed: 38841635
DOI: 10.52082/jssm.2024.342 -
Advances in Mind-body MedicineAsthma is a chronic disease and its chronicity demands therapy with minimal harm and a good impact on the quality of life of asthmatics. (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Efficacy of a Structured Yoga Intervention Integrated with Routine Care versus Exercise on Pulmonary Function and Quality of Life of Asthma Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
CONTEXT
Asthma is a chronic disease and its chronicity demands therapy with minimal harm and a good impact on the quality of life of asthmatics.
OBJECTIVE
This study evaluates the efficacy of structured yoga intervention integrated with routine care on asthma patients in improving their pulmonary function and quality of life.
DESIGN
The study was a single-blind (outcome assessor) hospital-based randomized controlled trial.
PARTICIPANTS
Adults between 18 to 60 years, diagnosed with mild to moderate asthma as per Global Initiative for Asthma guidelines, with no exacerbation in the past month before screening, were included in the study.
INTERVENTION
A thirty-minute structured yoga intervention was delivered daily by a qualified yoga instructor through a virtual platform.
OUTCOME MEASURES
Questionnaires were utilized to assess the quality of life, and Breath-o-meter equipment was used to measure peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR). It was tested at baseline and then at 15 days, 45 days, and 90 days, whereas the quality of life was evaluated once a month.
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
Intention to treat analysis was performed to compare the mean outcome between the yoga and control groups using an independent sample t test and repeated measures analysis of variance.
RESULTS
The yoga group significantly improved their PEFR and asthma-related quality of life scores compared to the control group (P < .001). A significant difference (F = 539.72, degree of freedom = 1.1618; P < .001) was detected between PEFR values at several time intervals (baseline, day 15, day 45, day 90) in the intervention group on repeated measures analysis of variance. The difference in quality-of-life scores between yoga and control was also statistically significant (P < .001), with an improvement in the quality-of-life domain of external stimuli.
CONCLUSION
When combined with normal asthma treatment, the findings of this study show that structured yoga intervention integrated with routine care is more beneficial than traditional breathing exercises in increasing PEFR and quality of life.
Topics: Humans; Yoga; Quality of Life; Asthma; Adult; Female; Male; Middle Aged; Single-Blind Method; Young Adult; Adolescent; Exercise Therapy; Exercise; Respiratory Function Tests; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 38837777
DOI: No ID Found -
International Journal of Chronic... 2024The use of inhaled bronchodilators is the mainstay of treatment for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Although the soft mist inhaler (SMI) was... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
PURPOSE
The use of inhaled bronchodilators is the mainstay of treatment for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Although the soft mist inhaler (SMI) was developed to overcome the disadvantages of pressurized metered dose and drug powder inhalers, misuse during handling has been frequently observed in many studies. However, few studies have focused on SMI misuse among patients with COPD. Thus, we aimed to assess and identify the risk factors associated with SMI misuse among patients with COPD.
PATIENT AND METHODS
In this prospective, observational, cross-sectional study, we enrolled patients with COPD who were undergoing SMI treatment between January 2018 and March 2020. An advanced nurse practitioner assessed the participants' handling of the device by using a check list.
RESULTS
Among 159 participants, 136 (85.5%) reported inhaler misuse. Duration of COPD and COPD assessment test (CAT) scores were positively associated with inhaler misuse; adherence and education level were negatively associated with inhaler misuse. In the multivariable analysis, a low educational level (less than high school), high CAT score (≥ 10), and short duration of COPD (≤ 2 years) were identified as risk factors for SMI misuse.
CONCLUSION
SMI misuse remains common among patients with COPD. Therefore, clinicians should pay close attention to their patients using SMIs, especially in the early period after the diagnosis of COPD.
Topics: Humans; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive; Male; Female; Cross-Sectional Studies; Risk Factors; Aged; Prospective Studies; Middle Aged; Bronchodilator Agents; Administration, Inhalation; Nebulizers and Vaporizers; Medication Adherence; Equipment Design; Risk Assessment; Educational Status; Lung
PubMed: 38835808
DOI: 10.2147/COPD.S458200 -
Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry Jun 2024We have devised a supported-amine-catalyzed efficient synthesis of spiro-thiazolone-tetrahydrothiophenes a sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade approach. The catalyst...
We have devised a supported-amine-catalyzed efficient synthesis of spiro-thiazolone-tetrahydrothiophenes a sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade approach. The catalyst demonstrated sustained efficacy over 21 cycles. These derivatives were found to exhibit excellent binding abilities with purified human serum albumin as indicated by both and -based experiments.
Topics: Humans; Catalysis; Thiophenes; Amines; Serum Albumin, Human; Protein Binding; Spiro Compounds; Molecular Structure; Thiazoles; Molecular Docking Simulation
PubMed: 38835316
DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00619d