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Quantitative non-nutritive sucking measurement as a predictor of oral feeding readiness in newborns.Frontiers in Pediatrics 2023The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between the parameters of a silver nanowire-based flexible pressure sensor developed to measure the...
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between the parameters of a silver nanowire-based flexible pressure sensor developed to measure the non-nutritive sucking (NNS) performance and predict the nutritive sucking status in preterm infants.
METHODS
Preterm infants who were referred for feeding difficulty during the transition period from tubal feeding to oral feeding were enrolled in our study. A flexible pressure sensor was used to measure the non-nutritive sucking parameters of neonates. The evaluator stimulated the infants' lips and tongue with a pacifier integrated with a sucking pressure sensor, to check whether non-nutritive sucking had occurred. When the sucking reflex was induced, it was measured. The infants' sucking characteristics were subdivided into classifications according to the NOMAS criteria and full oral feeding (FOF) status. Quantitative NNS measurement according to the feeding state was compared between groups.
RESULTS
When comparing the quantitative NNS measurement by feeding characteristics, the average sucking pressure was significantly higher in infants in the FOF capable group than those in the incomplete FOF group. In addition, the maximum and average sucking pressure was significantly higher in infants with a normal sucking pattern compared to those with a disorganized sucking pattern. The average NNS pressure was divided over the range of 0-3 kPa and the same weight was assigned to each item. When the optimal cut-off value for the sensitivity and specificity of the average NNS pressure to estimate the FOF was set, a pressure of 1.5 kPa yielded the highest sensitivity (84.62%) and specificity (67.65%) on the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The area under the curve (AUC) was 0.786, and this result was statistically significant.
CONCLUSIONS
This study presents a quantitative parameter for non-nutritive sucking in preterm infants with the use of a flexible pressure sensor. Results show possible quantitative indicators that can aid in predicting when preterm infants can transition to oral feeding and their prognosis. This will serve as a basis for future research on determining the feeding transition period of newborns with health conditions that affect oral feeding.
PubMed: 37635795
DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1143416 -
Journal of Hazardous Materials Oct 2023Bisphenol A (BPA) displays harmful effects on the human health, including potent endocrine activity and potential impact on the development of cancer. Analysis BPA...
Bisphenol A (BPA) displays harmful effects on the human health, including potent endocrine activity and potential impact on the development of cancer. Analysis BPA residues in water and plastic products attracted considerable attention in the past decades. However, dominantly used conventional analysis techniques are unable to directly and non-destructively identify the correct species of BPA in plastic products. Hence, this study demonstrates the effective utilisation of boron nitride quantum dots (BNQDs) as an inorganic matrix in matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry analysis and imaging (MALDI-MS & MSI) for BPA. The presence of abundant hydroxyl and amino groups on the BNQDs' surface is favourable for the formation of hydrogen bonds with BPA, and increases their ionization and chemoselectivity. Intriguingly, the BNQDs matrix offers a distinct signal for phenolic hazardous molecules featuring different hydroxyl groups. The method was applied to detect BPA at nanomolar level in environmental water, and also allowed non-destructive and in situ mapping of BPA in plastics and pacifiers. This research provides a novel strategy for adapting nanomaterials as inorganic matrices for analysis of small molecular pollutants in environmentally relevant samples using MALDI-MS & MSI.
PubMed: 37597390
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132336 -
Nutrients Jul 2023Increased dental overjet in adolescence is a clinically relevant outcome associated with the complexity and high cost of treatment, indicating the need for prevention... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Increased dental overjet in adolescence is a clinically relevant outcome associated with the complexity and high cost of treatment, indicating the need for prevention strategies. We investigated the long-term impact of breastfeeding and pacifier use on increased overjet (IOVJ) in permanent dentition. A prospective cohort nested in a randomized controlled trial was conducted from birth to 12 years of age ( = 214). Breastfeeding and pacifier use were recorded monthly until 12 months. Overjet was assessed at age 12 years. We employed a causal mediation analysis using parametric regression models assuming no interaction between breastfeeding and pacifier usage. We found a total protective effect of breastfeeding on IOVJ (OR 0.49; 95% CI 0.28-0.96), where 63.1% were mediated by pacifier use (OR 0.61; 95% CI 0.44-0.87). Breastfeeding directly decreased the odds of IOVJ by 20%; however, the confidence interval included the null estimate (OR 0.81; 95% CI 0.41-1.60). In conclusion, breastfeeding protects by half of the IOVJ in adolescence through reducing pacifier use. Oral and general health professionals should collaborate to support WHO breastfeeding guidelines during individual patient counseling. Guidelines for practice, policy or public information require messages that include a common risk approach to oral and general health.
Topics: Female; Pregnancy; Humans; Adolescent; Infant; Child; Breast Feeding; Cohort Studies; Prospective Studies; Pacifiers; Parturition
PubMed: 37571340
DOI: 10.3390/nu15153403 -
Journal of Investigative Medicine : the... Dec 2023American Academy of Pediatrics approves pacifier use for soothing and calming; it recommends delaying its use until breastfeeding is well established. Though pacifiers...
American Academy of Pediatrics approves pacifier use for soothing and calming; it recommends delaying its use until breastfeeding is well established. Though pacifiers have protective effects against sudden infant death syndrome, prolonged use of a pacifier can lead to complications. American Academy of Family Physicians discourages the use by 6 months to 1 year of age. Pacifier use guidelines are not established primarily due to a paucity of information regarding initiation, termination, benefits, and harmful effects of pacifiers by parents. We aim to investigate pacifier use among caregivers of 0-1-year-old infants. It was a descriptive study of parents or caregivers of children 0-1 year of age who completed a questionnaire focused on pacifier use. Statistical analysis was calculated using SPSS version 23. One hundred thirty-three caregivers were interviewed. One hundred eighteen (88.7%) caregivers were mothers. Ninety-one (68.4%) of caregivers identified as Hispanic and 42 (30.1%) as African American. Caregivers reported that mean pacifier use was 16 months and 3.4 h/day. One hundred six (80%) reported the most common use of the pacifier alone was to calm the baby. For the weaning method, 37 (27.8%) stated that gradual decrease of pacifiers was useful whereas 33 (24.8%) stated that abrupt removal of pacifiers was effective. Seventy-two (54.1%) reported that their family and friends recommended pacifiers. Eleven (8.3%) caregivers reported that information about pacifiers was provided by medical and day-care providers. Pacifier use was not significantly related to the feeding method during the first 2 months of life. This study identifies impressions and common misconceptions of pacifier use which may assist in the development of comprehensive guidelines.
Topics: Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Breast Feeding; Caregivers; Pacifiers; Perception
PubMed: 37530133
DOI: 10.1177/10815589231193952 -
Comprehensive Child and Adolescent... Dec 2023The aim of this study was to examine associations between parent reports of bottle-feeding behaviors and infant non-nutritive suck (NNS) on a pacifier as well as oral...
The aim of this study was to examine associations between parent reports of bottle-feeding behaviors and infant non-nutritive suck (NNS) on a pacifier as well as oral feeding skills during bottle-feeding. A prospective study was conducted. Full-term infants with no prior diagnosed feeding disorders were recruited at 3-months. Parents reported their infant's bottle-feeding behaviors using the Neonatal Eating Assessment Tool-Bottle-Feeding (NeoEAT-Bottle-Feeding), consisting of five domains: Infant Regulation, Energy and Physiologic Stability, Gastrointestinal Tract Function, Sensory Responsiveness, and Compelling Symptoms of Problematic Feeding. Infant NNS was measured using a custom pacifier, pressure transducer device, which yields the following NNS variables: duration (sec), frequency (Hz), amplitude (cmH0), cycles per burst, cycle amount, and burst amount. The Oral Feeding Skills (OFS) scale was used to measure the initial volume, transfer volume, proficiency, and rate of milk transfer during bottle feeding. Fifty-two infants (58% male) with reported prior bottle experience completed this study. NeoEAT-Bottle-Feeding Total score was significantly positively associated with NNS burst duration and NNS cycles per burst. The NeoEAT-Bottle-Feeding Energy and Physiologic Stability domain was significantly positively correlated with NNS cycles per burst. NeoEAT-Bottle-Feeding Gastrointestinal Tract Function domain score was significantly positively correlated with NNS duration, amplitude, and cycles per burst. There were no significant associations between NeoEAT-Bottle-Feeding domains and the OFS scale. The findings demonstrate that parent reports of problematic feeding at 3 months of age are associated with aspects of infant NNS physiology and not with oral feeding metrics during bottle-feeding. Parent reports of bottle-feeding behaviors, particularly pertaining to gastrointestinal issues, were associated with aspects of infant NNS. These data together will allow for a more nuanced understanding of infant feeding and will be beneficial in determining if infants have a feeding delay.
Topics: Infant, Newborn; Infant; Humans; Male; Female; Bottle Feeding; Prospective Studies; Sucking Behavior; Feeding Behavior; Parents
PubMed: 37498287
DOI: 10.1080/24694193.2023.2232457 -
Erratum: Munoz Tord et al., "3D-Printed Pacifier-Shaped Mouthpiece for fMRI-Compatible Gustometers".ENeuro Jul 2023
PubMed: 37433671
DOI: 10.1523/ENEURO.0219-23.2023 -
Pediatric Dentistry May 2023Plush animal pacifiers (detachable weighted stuffed animals) have gained popularity. Although pacifiers have well-known benefits, they can also affect the development of...
PURPOSE
Plush animal pacifiers (detachable weighted stuffed animals) have gained popularity. Although pacifiers have well-known benefits, they can also affect the development of the cranio-facial-respiratory complex. The purpose of this study was to study the forces gener- ated on the maxillary arch region during the use of plush animal pacifiers.
METHODS
Products were tested using an Instron model 1011 machine. A fixture was developed to standardize the testing of the various brands. Each item tested was suspended on a pin eight mm from the pacifier shield, and the position of the Instron pushing apparatus was standardized throughout the testing.
RESULTS
Generated forces from all Plush animal pacifiers tested fell in the range of 0.47 N to 0.7 N (47.9 g to 71.4 g). The force of the pacifier alone fell in the range of 0.05 N to 0.2 N (5.1 g to 20.4 g).
CONCLUSIONS
When toy plush animals are attached to a pacifier, the forces transmitted to the nipple of the pacifier can exceed the 0.4 N minimum force (100 g equals 0.98 N) required to cause orthodontic tooth movement.
Topics: Animals; Pilot Projects; Pacifiers; Face
PubMed: 37381124
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Dental Research Aug 2023Young children need increased access to dental prevention and care. Targeting high caries risk children first helps meet this need. The objective of this study was to...
Young children need increased access to dental prevention and care. Targeting high caries risk children first helps meet this need. The objective of this study was to develop a parent-completed, easy-to-score, short, accurate caries risk tool for screening in primary health care settings to identify children at increased risk for cavities. A longitudinal, prospective, multisite, cohort study enrolled (primarily through primary health care settings) and followed 985 (out of 1,326) 1-y-old children and their primary caregivers (PCGs) until age 4. The PCG completed a 52-item self-administered questionnaire, and children were examined using the International Caries Detection and Assessment Criteria (ICDAS) at 12 ± 3 mo (baseline), 30 ± 3 mo (80% retention), and 48 ± 3 mo of age (74% retention). Cavitated caries lesion (dmfs = decayed, missing, and filled surfaces; d = ICDAS ≥3) experience at 4 y of age was assessed and tested for associations with questionnaire items using generalized estimating equation models applied to logistic regression. Multivariable analysis used backward model selection, with a limit of 10 items. At age 4, 24% of children had cavitated-level caries experience; 49% were female; 14% were Hispanic, 41% were White, 33% were Black, 2% were other, and 10% were multiracial; 58% enrolled in Medicaid; and 95% lived in urban communities. The age 4 multivariable prediction model, using age 1 responses (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.73), included the following significant ( < 0.001) variables (odds ratios): child participating in public assistance programs such as Medicaid (1.74), being non-White (1.80-1.96), born premature (1.48), not born by caesarean section (1.28), snacking on sugary snacks (3 or more/d, 2.22; 1-2/d or weekly, 1.55), PCG cleaning the pacifier with juice/soda/honey or sweet drink (2.17), PCG daily sharing/tasting food with child using same spoon/fork/glass (1.32), PCG brushing their teeth less than daily (2.72), PCG's gums bleeding daily when brushing or PCG having no teeth (1.83-2.00), and PCG having cavities/fillings/extractions in past 2 y (1.55). A 10-item caries risk tool at age 1 shows good agreement with cavitated-level caries experience by age 4.
Topics: Pregnancy; Humans; Child; Female; Child, Preschool; Infant; Male; Dental Caries; Cohort Studies; Prospective Studies; Cesarean Section; Primary Health Care; DMF Index
PubMed: 37329133
DOI: 10.1177/00220345231173585 -
Frontiers in Pediatrics 2023Babies and toddlers often become accustomed to using baby pacifiers. However, pacifiers may harm children's health and lead to various problems, such as less frequent...
INTRODUCTION
Babies and toddlers often become accustomed to using baby pacifiers. However, pacifiers may harm children's health and lead to various problems, such as less frequent breastfeeding, shorter breastfeeding duration, dental deformities, tooth decay, recurrent acute otitis media, sleep disorders, and the potential for accidents. This study aims to introduce new technology that may prevent babies from becoming used to a pacifier (patent titled "Prevents Getting Used to Pacifier Baby, Number SA10609, Saudi Authority for Intellectual Property"). This study used a descriptive qualitative design.
METHODS
The participants included three pediatricians, three psychologists, three dentists, three family doctors, and three mothers of babies and toddlers, with a mean age of 42.6 years old (SD = 9.51). Semi-structured interviews were used, and thematic analysis was conducted to generate a thematic tree.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The thematic analysis resulted in three themes: (1) the disadvantages of pacifier use, (2) the introduction of new technology for the patent, and (3) the expectations for this technology. The results showed that a pacifier might negatively affect the health of babies and toddlers. However, the new technology may prevent children from becoming used to pacifiers and protect them from any possible physical or mental issues.
PubMed: 37292379
DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1161886