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Microorganisms May 2023The aim of this study was to compare data about the prevalence and proportions of the bacterial species , , and in periodontitis pocket samples collected from young,...
The aim of this study was to compare data about the prevalence and proportions of the bacterial species , , and in periodontitis pocket samples collected from young, <35 years, and old, >35-year-old patients, YP and OP, respectively. The results from the analyses of a total of 3447 subgingival plaque samples analyzed for clinical diagnosis purposes by cultivation regarding the proportions of these species were collected from a database and elucidated. The prevalence of A. was found to be more than twice as high (OR = 2.96, 95% CI; 2.50-3.50) in samples from the younger (42.2%) than the older group (20.4%) ( < 0.001). The prevalence of was significantly lower in samples from the younger age group (OR = 0.43, 95%) ( < 0.001), whereas was similarly distributed (OR = 0.78, 95%) in the two age groups ( = 0.006). A similar pattern was noticed for and when high proportions (>50%) of the samples of these bacterial species were elucidated. In contrast, the proportion of samples containing >50% with was lower compared with the two other bacterial species. Furthermore, it was noted that the proportion of samples from old patients containing in combination with was almost three times higher than in samples when was replaced by . In conclusion, showed an increased presence and proportion in samples from young patients compared with the old patients, while was similarly distributed in the two age groups. showed an increased presence and proportion in samples from old patients compared with the young patients.
PubMed: 37374936
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11061434 -
Journal of Anaesthesiology, Clinical... 2023
PubMed: 37250268
DOI: 10.4103/joacp.joacp_229_21 -
Journal of Neurosurgery. Pediatrics Aug 2023Focal intracranial infections (epidural abscesses, subdural empyemas, and intraparenchymal abscesses) are uncommon complications of sinusitis and otitis media but can be...
OBJECTIVE
Focal intracranial infections (epidural abscesses, subdural empyemas, and intraparenchymal abscesses) are uncommon complications of sinusitis and otitis media but can be associated with significant morbidity. Treatment typically requires neurosurgical and otolaryngological interventions in combination with antibiotic treatment. Historically, children have presented to the authors' pediatric referral center with sinusitis- or otitis media-related intracranial infections in low numbers. However, since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, the incidence of intracranial pyogenic complications has increased at this center. The objective of this study was to compare the epidemiology, severity, microbial causes, and management of pediatric sinusitis- and otitis-related intracranial infections in the periods before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.
METHODS
All patients 21 years of age or younger who presented with an intracranial infection in the setting of sinusitis or otitis media and who underwent neurosurgical treatment at Connecticut Children's from January 2012 to December 2022 were retrospectively reviewed. Demographic, clinical, laboratory, and radiological data were systematically collated, and variables before and during COVID-19 were compared statistically.
RESULTS
Overall, 18 patients were treated for sinusitis-related (n = 16) or otitis media-related (n = 2) intracranial infections during the study period. Ten patients (56%) presented from January 2012 to February 2020, none from March 2020 to June 2021, and 8 (44%) from July 2021 to December 2022. There were no significant demographic differences between the pre-COVID-19 and COVID-19 cohorts. The 10 patients in the pre-COVID-19 cohort underwent a total of 15 neurosurgical and 10 otolaryngological procedures, while the 8 patients in the COVID-19 cohort underwent a total of 12 neurosurgical and 10 otolaryngological procedures. Surgically obtained wound cultures yielded a variety of organisms; Streptococcus constellatus/S. anginosus/S. intermedius were more prevalent in the COVID-19 cohort (87.5% vs 0%, p < 0.001) as was Parvimonas micra (62.5% vs 0%, p = 0.007).
CONCLUSIONS
At an institutional level, there has been an approximately threefold increase in cases of sinusitis- and otitis media-related intracranial infections during the COVID-19 pandemic. Multicenter studies are needed to confirm this observation and to investigate whether the mechanisms of infection are related directly to SARS-CoV-2, changes in the respiratory flora, or delayed care. The next steps will include expansion of this study to other pediatric centers throughout the United States and Canada.
Topics: Humans; Child; Retrospective Studies; Pandemics; COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; Sinusitis; Epidural Abscess; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Otitis Media
PubMed: 37243559
DOI: 10.3171/2023.4.PEDS23130 -
Bioscience Reports Jun 2023The gut microbiota Parvimonas micra has been found to be enriched in gut mucosal tissues and fecal samples of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients compared with non-CRC...
The gut microbiota Parvimonas micra has been found to be enriched in gut mucosal tissues and fecal samples of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients compared with non-CRC controls. In the present study, we investigated the tumorigenic potential of P. micra and its regulatory pathways in CRC using HT-29, a low-grade CRC intestinal epithelial cell. For every P. micra-HT-29 interaction assay, HT-29 was co-cultured anaerobically with P. micra at an MOI of 100:1 (bacteria: cells) for 2 h. We found that P. micra increased HT-29 cell proliferation by 38.45% (P=0.008), with the highest wound healing rate at 24 h post-infection (P=0.02). In addition, inflammatory marker expression (IL-5, IL-8, CCL20, and CSF2) was also significantly induced. Shotgun proteomics profiling analysis revealed that P. micra affects the protein expression of HT-29 (157 up-regulated and 214 down-regulated proteins). Up-regulation of PSMB4 protein and its neighbouring subunits revealed association of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway (UPP) in CRC carcinogenesis; whereas down-regulation of CUL1, YWHAH, and MCM3 signified cell cycle dysregulation. Moreover, 22 clinically relevant epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-markers were expressed in HT-29 infected with P. micra. Overall, the present study elucidated exacerbated oncogenic properties of P. micra in HT-29 via aberrant cell proliferation, enhanced wound healing, inflammation, up-regulation of UPPs, and activation of EMT pathways.
Topics: Humans; Colorectal Neoplasms; HT29 Cells; Cell Proliferation; Inflammation; Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition; Cell Movement; Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex
PubMed: 37218575
DOI: 10.1042/BSR20230609 -
Journal of Endodontics Jul 2023This scoping review aimed to map the evidence about the microbiota found in persistent endodontic infections. (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
This scoping review aimed to map the evidence about the microbiota found in persistent endodontic infections.
METHODS
The study protocol was prospectively registered and is available at https://osf.io/3g2cp. The electronic search was performed in MEDLINE via PubMed, Lilacs, BBO, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Embase. The eligibility criteria were based on the PCC acronym, where P (Population) represents patients with teeth presenting persistent endodontic infection, C (Concept) represents microbial profile, and C (Context) represents undergoing endodontic retreatment. Clinical studies that evaluated the microbial profile of samples collected from root canals of teeth undergoing retreatment, using classical or molecular methods, were included. Studies that did not show a minimum period of 1 year between primary endodontic treatment and retreatment or did not radiographically evaluate the quality of primary root canal filling were excluded. Two reviewers independently selected the articles and collected data.
RESULTS
From a total of 957 articles, 161 were read in full, and 32 studies were included. The most prevalent species were Enterococcus faecalis, Parvimonas micra, Porphyromonas endodontalis, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Dialister invisus, Propionibacterium acnes, Tannerella forsythia, and Treponema denticola. Cases with symptomatology or inadequate root canal filling presented an increase in specific bacterial species compared to those with no symptomatology or adequate filling. A greater number of microorganisms was observed in teeth with inadequate coronal restoration compared to those with adequate restoration.
CONCLUSIONS
Persistent endodontic infections have a polymicrobial profile identified by the commonly used methods for bacterial detection/identification and are subject to the limitations present in each of those methods.
Topics: Humans; Dental Pulp Cavity; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Prevotella intermedia; Porphyromonas endodontalis
PubMed: 37211309
DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2023.05.010 -
Respirology Case Reports Jun 2023commonly present in the oral cavity and intestinal tract of humans. indicating a high virulence, has the potential of forming abscess. The infection of may require...
commonly present in the oral cavity and intestinal tract of humans. indicating a high virulence, has the potential of forming abscess. The infection of may require surgical excision.
PubMed: 37206157
DOI: 10.1002/rcr2.1161 -
American Journal of Orthodontics and... Oct 2023Current orthodontic literature reveals a lack of studies on bacterial colonization of orthodontic miniscrew implants (MSI) and their role in the stability of MSI. This...
INTRODUCTION
Current orthodontic literature reveals a lack of studies on bacterial colonization of orthodontic miniscrew implants (MSI) and their role in the stability of MSI. This study aimed to determine the pattern of microbiological colonization of miniscrew implants in 2 major age groups, to compare it with the microbial flora of gingival sulci in the same group of patients and to compare microbial flora in successful and failed miniscrews.
METHODS
The study involved 102 MSI placed in 32 orthodontic subjects in 2 age groups: (1) aged ≤14 years and (2) aged >14 years. Gingival and peri-mini implant crevicular fluid samples were collected using sterile paper points (International Organization for Standardization no. 35) >3 months and processed by conventional microbiologic culture and biochemical techniques. A microbiologist characterized and identified the bacteria, and the results were subjected to statistical analysis.
RESULTS
Initial colonization was reported within 24 hours, with Streptococci being the dominant colonizer. The relative proportion of anaerobic bacteria over aerobic bacteria increased over time in peri-mini implant crevicular fluid. Group 1 had greater Citrobacter (P = 0.036) and Parvimonas micra (P = 0.016) colonizing MSI than group 2. Failed MSI showed a significantly higher presence of Parvimonas micra (P = 0.008) in group 1 and Staphylococci (P = 0.008), Enterococci (P = 0.011), and Parvimonas micra (P <0.001) in group 2.
CONCLUSIONS
Microbial colonization around MSI is established within 24 hours. Compared to gingival crevicular fluid, peri-mini implant crevicular fluid is colonized by a higher proportion of Staphylococci, facultative enteric commensals and anaerobic cocci. The failed miniscrews showed a higher proportion of Staphylococci, Enterobacter, and Parvimonas micra, suggesting their possible role in the stability of MSI. The bacterial profile of MSI varies with age.
Topics: Humans; Adolescent; Dental Implants; Gingival Crevicular Fluid; Gingiva; Orthodontic Anchorage Procedures
PubMed: 37204351
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2023.02.023 -
Journal of Cardiothoracic Surgery May 2023
PubMed: 37198597
DOI: 10.1186/s13019-023-02291-5 -
Internal Medicine (Tokyo, Japan) Jan 2024Sternoclavicular septic arthritis is a rare form of septic arthritis that can lead to fatal complications, such as abscess formation and mediastinitis, in the absence of...
Sternoclavicular septic arthritis is a rare form of septic arthritis that can lead to fatal complications, such as abscess formation and mediastinitis, in the absence of prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment. A man in his 40s presented with pain in the right sternoclavicular joint area, and after a joint injection of steroids was administered, he was diagnosed with septic sternoclavicular arthritis caused by Parvimonas micra and Fusobacterium nucleatum. Gram staining of a specimen obtained from the abscess formation area led to early suspicion of anaerobic infection, and appropriate antibiotics were administered.
Topics: Male; Humans; Fusobacterium nucleatum; Abscess; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Arthritis, Infectious; Sternoclavicular Joint; Firmicutes
PubMed: 37197959
DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.1563-23 -
Journal of Periodontology Sep 2023This study tests the effects of scaling and root planing (SRP) versus SRP plus minocycline hydrochloride microspheres (SRP+MM) on 11 periodontal pathogens and clinical... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
BACKGROUND
This study tests the effects of scaling and root planing (SRP) versus SRP plus minocycline hydrochloride microspheres (SRP+MM) on 11 periodontal pathogens and clinical outcomes in Stage II-IV Grade B periodontitis participants.
METHODS
Seventy participants were randomized to receive SRP (n = 35) or SRP+MM (n = 35). Saliva and clinical outcomes were collected for both groups at baseline before SRP, 1-month reevaluation, and at 3- and 6-month periodontal recall. MM were delivered to pockets ≥5 mm immediately after SRP and immediately after the 3-month periodontal maintenance in the SRP+MM group. A proprietary saliva test was utilized to quantitate 11 putative periodontal pathogens. Microorganisms and clinical outcomes were compared between groups using generalized linear mixed-effects models with fixed effects and random effects terms. Mean changes from baseline were compared between groups via group-by-visit interaction tests.
RESULTS
Significant reduction in Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticola, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Prevotella intermedia, Parvimonas micra, and Eikenella corrodens were identified at the 1-month reevaluation after SRP+MM. Six months after SRP with a re-application of MM 3 months after SRP, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Prevotella intermedia, Campylobacter rectus, and Eikenella corrodens were significantly reduced. SRP+MM participants had significant clinical outcome reductions in pockets ≥5 mm at the reevaluation, 3- and 6-month periodontal maintenance, and clinical attachment loss gains at the 6-month periodontal maintenance.
CONCLUSION
MM delivered immediately after SRP and reapplication at 3 months appeared to contribute to improved clinical outcomes and sustained decreased numbers of Fusobacterium nucleatum, Prevotella intermedia, Campylobacter rectus, and Eikenella corrodens at 6 months.
Topics: Humans; Minocycline; Root Planing; Microspheres; Periodontal Pocket; Dental Scaling; Fusobacterium nucleatum; Prevotella intermedia; Eikenella corrodens; Follow-Up Studies; Periodontal Attachment Loss; Anti-Bacterial Agents
PubMed: 37191955
DOI: 10.1002/JPER.23-0002