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Food Research International (Ottawa,... Mar 2023The aim of this study was to identify the individual and interacting effects of varying the mechanical properties of two inserts (к-carrageenan beads; 1, 2 and 4% w/w...
The aim of this study was to identify the individual and interacting effects of varying the mechanical properties of two inserts (к-carrageenan beads; 1, 2 and 4% w/w and/or agar-based disks; 0.3, 1.2 and 3% w/w) in pectin-based gels on the perception of textural complexity. A full factorial design was utilised, 16 samples were characterised with sensory and instrumental tests. Rate-All-That-Apply (RATA) was performed by 50 untrained participants. RATA selection frequency provided different information to attribute intensity regarding the detection of low yield stress inserts. In the two-component samples, the perception of textural complexity (n = 89) increased with insert yield stress for both к-carrageenan beads and agar disks. However, with the addition of medium and high yield stress к-carrageenan beads to three-component samples, the increases in perceived textural complexity caused by increased agar yield stress were eliminated. The definition of textural complexity, the number and intensity of texture sensations, as well as their interactions and contrasts, was in line with the results, and the hypothesis that not only mechanical properties but also the interaction of components play a key role in the perception of textural complexity.
Topics: Humans; Agar; Carrageenan; Food; Pectins; Perception
PubMed: 36869533
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112533 -
Journal of Hazardous Materials Apr 2023Hydrogen peroxide (HO) is a vital signaling molecule in response to cadmium (Cd) stress in plants. However, the role of HO on Cd accumulation in root of different...
Hydrogen peroxide (HO) is a vital signaling molecule in response to cadmium (Cd) stress in plants. However, the role of HO on Cd accumulation in root of different Cd-accumulating rice lines remains unclear. Exogenous HO and 4-hydroxy-TEMPO (HO scavenger) were applied to investigate the physiological and molecular mechanisms of HO on Cd accumulation in the root of a high Cd-accumulating rice line Lu527-8 through hydroponic experiments. Interestingly, it was found Cd concentration in the root of Lu527-8 increased significantly when exposed to exogenous HO, while reduced significantly when exposed to 4-hydroxy-TEMPO under Cd stress, proving the role of HO in regulating Cd accumulation in Lu527-8. Lu527-8 showed more Cd and HO accumulation in the roots, along with more Cd accumulation in cell wall and soluble fraction, than the normal rice line Lu527-4. In particular, more pectin accumulation, especially low demethylated pectin, was observed in the root of Lu527-8 when exposed to exogenous HO under Cd stress, resulting in more negative functional groups with greater capacity to binding Cd in the root cell wall of Lu527-8. It indicated that HO-induced cell wall modification and vacuolar compartmentalization contributes greatly to more Cd accumulation in the root of the high Cd-accumulating rice line.
Topics: Oryza; Hydrogen Peroxide; Cadmium; Pectins
PubMed: 36860050
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.130969 -
Food Research International (Ottawa,... Feb 2023Leavening agents play a pivotal role in the production of baked goods. Through gas production the inner structure of the product gets its typical foam structure and...
Leavening agents play a pivotal role in the production of baked goods. Through gas production the inner structure of the product gets its typical foam structure and textural appearance. Baking trials are thereby a common way to determine the achievable loaf volume, crumb structure and other product specific properties. The required material input for these classic baking trials is high, as well as specific baking skills are required to obtain comparable and reliable results. To minimize the previously mentioned challenges, an in-line kneading, proofing, and baking process in a conventional rheometer was used and a microscale method was developed to determine both flour-specific baking performance and leavening-dependent volume increase without sample transfer. The results show a direct comparability of standard baking tests and the microscale method with yeast. In a second step the influence of the commercial used acidifying agent in baking powder D-(+)-Glucono-1,5-lactone (GDL) was compared to l-galactono-1,4-lactone (GGL), an alternative that has the potential to be biotechnologically produced from pectin-rich plant biomass residues. The results showed that GGL produced carbon dioxide slower then GDL and could therefore be interesting for frozen or slow rising products especially for protein rich flours.
Topics: Carbon Dioxide; Freezing; Flour
PubMed: 36737934
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.112342 -
Environmental Science and Pollution... Apr 2023This study proposed a novel and cost-effective approach to enhance and optimize the exo-polygalacturonase from P. indica, a root endophytic fungus. In the current...
This study proposed a novel and cost-effective approach to enhance and optimize the exo-polygalacturonase from P. indica, a root endophytic fungus. In the current investigation, the impact of ammonium sulfate, sugar beet pulp (SBP), and glucose as variables on induction of exo-polygalacturonase from P. indica was optimized using the central composite design (CCD) of response surface methodology (RSM) under submerged fermentation (SmF). Additionally, determination of the exo-polygalacturonase molecular weight and in situ analysis was performed. The optimal reaction conditions, which resulted in the highest enzyme activity, were observed in the following conditions: ammonium sulfate (4 g/L), SBP (20 g/L), and glucose (60 g/L). Under the optimized condition, the maximum enzyme activity reached 19.4 U/ml (127 U/mg), which increased by 5.84 times compared to non-optimized conditions. The exo-polygalacturonase molecular weight was estimated at 60 KDa. In line with the bioinformatic analysis, the exo-polygalacturonase sequence of P. indica showed similarity with Rhizoctonia solani's and Thanateporus cucumeris. These results indicated that SBP acts as a cheap and suitable inducer of exo-polygalacturonase production by P. indica in submerged cultivation. The outcome of this study will be useful for industries to decrease environmental pollution with cost-effective approaches.
Topics: Fermentation; Polygalacturonase; Beta vulgaris; Ammonium Sulfate; Sugars
PubMed: 36708475
DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25488-6 -
International Journal of Molecular... Dec 2022Oxidative stress caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS, O2•−, HO•, and H2O2) affects the aging process and the development of several diseases. A new frontier on...
Oxidative stress caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS, O2•−, HO•, and H2O2) affects the aging process and the development of several diseases. A new frontier on its prevention includes functional foods with both specific probiotics and natural extracts as antioxidants. In this work, Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer berries extract was characterized for the presence of beneficial molecules (54.3% pectin-based polysaccharides and 12% ginsenosides), able to specifically support probiotics growth (OD600nm > 5) with a prebiotic index of 0.49. The administration of the extract to a probiotic consortium induced the production of short-chain fatty acids (lactic, butyric, and propionic acids) and other secondary metabolites derived from the biotransformation of Ginseng components. Healthy and tumoral colorectal cell lines (CCD841 and HT-29) were then challenged with these metabolites at concentrations of 0.1, 0.5, and 1 mg/mL. The cell viability of HT-29 decreased in a dose-dependent manner after the exposition to the metabolites, while CCD841 vitality was not affected. Regarding ROS production, the metabolites protected CCD841 cells, while ROS levels were increased in HT-29 cells, potentially correlating with the less functionality of glutathione S-transferase, catalase, and total superoxide dismutase enzymes, and a significant increase in oxidized glutathione.
Topics: Antioxidants; Cell Line, Tumor; Colorectal Neoplasms; Fruit; Hydrogen Peroxide; Panax; Plant Extracts; Prebiotics; Probiotics; Reactive Oxygen Species; Humans; HT29 Cells
PubMed: 36613815
DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010373 -
Clinics and Research in Hepatology and... Jan 2023Our team previously reported the use of antofloxacin-based bismuth quadruple therapy for the eradication of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). This study aimed to compare... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Comparison of 10 and 14 days of antofloxacin-based versus 14 days of clarithromycin-based bismuth quadruple therapy for Helicobacter pylori eradication: A randomized trial.
OBJECTIVE
Our team previously reported the use of antofloxacin-based bismuth quadruple therapy for the eradication of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). This study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of 10 and 14 days of antofloxacin-based versus 14 days of clarithromycin-based bismuth quadruple therapy in the first-line treatment for H. pylori infection.
METHODS
1174 patients with H. pylori infection were randomized into three groups: 10-days and 14-days antofloxacin (ANT10 and ANT14) groups who received 10 and 14 days of antofloxacin-based bismuth quadruple therapy (colloidal bismuth pectin 200 mg t.i.d., esomeprazole 20 mg b.i.d., amoxicillin 1 g b.i.d., and antofloxacin 200 mg q.d.), 14-days clarithromycin (CLA14) group who received 14 days of clarithromycin-based bismuth quadruple therapy (colloidal bismuth pectin 200 mg t.i.d., esomeprazole 20 mg b.i.d., amoxicillin 1 g b.i.d., and clarithromycin 500 mg b.i.d.). Eradication rate, antibiotic resistance and adverse events were analyzed.
RESULTS
The intention-to-treat (ITT) and per-protocol (PP) analyses have showed statistically different eradication rates between ANT14 group and ANT10 group (ITT p = 0.001; PP p < 0.001), but no statistical difference between ANT10 group and CLA14 group (ITT p = 0.340; PP p = 0.092). Treatment regimen, drug resistance and therapy duration were important clinical factors related to H. pylori eradication rates in multivariate logistic analysis. Longer durations had significantly higher eradication rates in patients with antibiotic-resistant strains or antibiotic-susceptible strains. The incidences of nausea and bitter taste were significantly higher in CLA group compared with ANT group (p = 0.002 for nausea; p = 0.002 for bitter taste). The ANT10 and ANT14 group had similar adverse event rates of gastrointestinal reactions.
CONCLUSION
The study showed that the H. pylori eradication rate with ANT14 therapy was higher than that with ANT10 and CLA14 therapy without significantly increasing the rates of adverse event. 14 days of antofloxacin-based bismuth quadruple therapy may be a more effective way as the first-line treatment for H. pylori infection.
Topics: Humans; Clarithromycin; Bismuth; Helicobacter pylori; Esomeprazole; Drug Therapy, Combination; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Helicobacter Infections; Amoxicillin; Nausea; Pectins; Treatment Outcome; Proton Pump Inhibitors
PubMed: 36400418
DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2022.102052 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2022The increasing antimicrobial resistance of ) has resulted in a fall in cure rates. We aimed to assess the effectiveness of first-line susceptibility-guided therapy and...
BACKGROUND
The increasing antimicrobial resistance of ) has resulted in a fall in cure rates. We aimed to assess the effectiveness of first-line susceptibility-guided therapy and furazolidone-based quadruple therapy for -infected patients.
METHODS
Subjects with -infection were randomly assigned to either 10-day susceptibility-guided treatment or empiric treatment in a 2:1 ratio. Susceptibility-guided therapy was based on susceptibility to clarithromycin, and patients with susceptible strains received clarithromycin 500 mg twice daily and otherwise minocycline 100 mg twice a day was administered. Patients in the empiric therapy group was treated with furazolidone 100 mg twice a day. During treatment, all patients were given esomeprazole 20 mg twice daily, colloidal bismuth pectin 200 mg twice daily, and amoxicillin 1 g twice daily.
RESULTS
A total of 248 patients were screened and 201 were finally included. Empiric and susceptibility-guided regimens were both successful with per-protocol eradication rates of 90.5% (57/63) vs. 88.5% (108/122) ( = 0.685) and intent-to-treat eradication rates of 85.1% (57/67) vs. 80.6% (108/134) ( = 0.435). No significant difference in eradication rates were observed among the furazolidone group, clarithromycin group and minocycline group.
CONCLUSION
Both susceptibility-guided therapy and quadruple therapy containing furazolidone can achieve good eradication rates. For population with a high rate of resistance, quadruple therapy containing furazolidone and bismuth may be a more practical choice for first-line treatment.
PubMed: 36160235
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.973975 -
Journal of the Science of Food and... Feb 2023Extraction of pectin from sugar beet pulp is a side production line to recover value-added by-products in a sugar refining company. We aimed to evaluate the influence of...
BACKGROUND
Extraction of pectin from sugar beet pulp is a side production line to recover value-added by-products in a sugar refining company. We aimed to evaluate the influence of depectinized and non-treated fiber on the quality of food. Pectin was removed from sugar beet pulp, and sugar beet fiber with and without pectin extraction (F and FP respectively) were replaced with rice flour in gluten-free muffins. To achieve a consistent texture, different hydrocolloids (carrageenan, xanthan gum, guar gum, locust bean gum (LBG), and tara gum) were added to the batter formula.
RESULTS
The maximum batter viscosity was observed for the xanthan-containing formulation, followed by guar, tara, LBG, and carrageenan formulations. The highest hardness was recorded for baked muffins formulated with guar, followed by xanthan, carrageenan, tara, and LBG formula. Moisture retention was considerably increased in the presence of FP and LBG compared with muffins prepared by F and/or other hydrocolloids. However, muffins containing F showed the least hardness and highest cohesiveness, gumminess, springiness, and chewiness. The samples containing F represented lighter color, lower energy, and less porous in appearance compared with the FP formula. From a sensorial aspect, there was no significant difference between the F and FP formulas, but the control and sample with higher fiber content were not acceptable.
CONCLUSION
This study showed that depectinized sugar beet fiber a by-product of sugar factories, has the possible use in formulation of gluten-free muffins with no adverse effects on its quality. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Topics: Beta vulgaris; Carrageenan; Bread; Pectins; Vegetables; Sugars; Colloids
PubMed: 36138558
DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12234 -
Membranes Aug 2022Composite bacterial cellulose (BC) based hydrogel with alginate (A) or pectin (P) or alginate and pectin was fabricated via a physical crosslinking technique using...
Composite bacterial cellulose (BC) based hydrogel with alginate (A) or pectin (P) or alginate and pectin was fabricated via a physical crosslinking technique using calcium chloride (CaCl) solution and incorporated with polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB) as an effective antimicrobial drug by immersion method. After that, the physicochemical properties of all hydrogel formulations were characterized. The result showed that the formulations with PHMB performed better physicochemical properties than the hydrogel without PHMB. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) showed the interaction between PHMB and the carboxylic group of alginate and pectin. BC/A-PHMB hydrogel performed suitable mechanical strength, fluid uptake ability, water retention property, drug content, high integrity value, and maximum swelling degree. Moreover, in vitro cell viability of BC/A-PHMB hydrogel revealed high biocompatibility with human keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT) and demonstrated prolong released of PHMB in Tris-HCl buffer pH 7.4, while rapid release in phosphate buffer saline pH 7.4. BC/A-PHMB hydrogel demonstrated good anti-bacterial activity against and . In conclusion, BC/A-PHMB hydrogel could be a potential dual crosslinked ion-based hydrogel for wound dressing with anti-bacterial activity.
PubMed: 36135844
DOI: 10.3390/membranes12090825 -
Biology Jul 2022Improved cellulose biosynthesis and plant biomass represent important economic targets for several biotechnological applications including bioenergy and biofuel...
Improved cellulose biosynthesis and plant biomass represent important economic targets for several biotechnological applications including bioenergy and biofuel production. The attempts to increase the biosynthesis of cellulose by overexpressing CesAs proteins, components of the cellulose synthase complex, has not always produced consistent results. Analyses of morphological and molecular data and of the chemical composition of cell walls showed that tobacco plants (F1 line), stably expressing the CesA6 fused to GFP, exhibits a "giant" phenotype with no apparent other morphological aberrations. In the F1 line, all evaluated growth parameters, such as stem and root length, leaf size, and lignified secondary xylem, were significantly higher than in wt. Furthermore, F1 line exhibited increased flower and seed number, and an advance of about 20 days in the anthesis. In the leaves of F1 seedlings, the expression of primary (, , and ) was enhanced, as well as of proteins involved in the biosynthesis of non-cellulosic polysaccharides (xyloglucans and galacturonans, , ), cell wall remodeling ( and XTHs), and cell expansion ( and ). While in leaves the expression level of all secondary cell wall (, , and ) did not change significantly, both primary and secondary were differentially expressed in the stem. The amount of cellulose and matrix polysaccharides significantly increased in the F1 seedlings with no differences in pectin and hemicellulose glycosyl composition. Our results highlight the potentiality to overexpress primary in tobacco plants to enhance cellulose synthesis and biomass production.
PubMed: 36009766
DOI: 10.3390/biology11081139