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Journal of Conservative Dentistry and... May 2024The present systematic review aims to assess the success rate of the pulp regeneration treatment, according to the American Association of Endodontists (AAE) criteria,... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
The present systematic review aims to assess the success rate of the pulp regeneration treatment, according to the American Association of Endodontists (AAE) criteria, using different bioactive materials in permanent teeth of pediatric subjects (6-17 years of age).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The study protocol was registered on PROSPERO and adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses statement. The question formulation was accomplished using the PICO model, and an electronic search was carried out on Scopus, MEDLINE/PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases till April 1, 2023. A total of 30 studies were established to fulfill the inclusion criteria of this systematic review.
RESULTS
A total of 273 teeth have been treated with pulp regeneration treatment. By comparing different biomaterials and the success criteria defined by the AAE, the material associated with a higher success rate was found to be the white mineral trioxide aggregate. However, the overall success rate of pulp regeneration treatment was reported for 248 out of 273 teeth (91.20%).
CONCLUSIONS
Data obtained support the potential that regenerative endodontics aids in continuing root development in permanent immature teeth. Further studies are needed for a more extensive evaluation of the use of different biomaterials and the success rate in regenerative endodontics.
PubMed: 38939542
DOI: 10.4103/JCDE.JCDE_140_24 -
AIDS Patient Care and STDs Jun 2024Adolescents and young adults (AYAs) living with HIV have high rates of co-sexually transmitted infections (STIs). During the coronavirus disease (COVID) pandemic, STI...
Adolescents and young adults (AYAs) living with HIV have high rates of co-sexually transmitted infections (STIs). During the coronavirus disease (COVID) pandemic, STI prevention strategies, including access to testing/treatment facilities, availability of health care workers, and condom availability, may have decreased. This study aimed to determine if differences in STI incidence for first infection and reinfection existed between the pre-COVID and COVID eras in a cohort of AYAs living with HIV in Atlanta, GA. Retrospective chart review was conducted for all patients between ages 13 and 24 at the Grady Ponce Clinic. Two eras were identified: a pre-COVID era (January 1, 2009-December31, 2019) and a COVID era (January 1, 2020-June 30, 2021). STIs recorded included gonorrhea, chlamydia, human papillomavirus, syphilis, trichomonas, herpes simplex virus, lymphogranuloma venereum, hepatitis C, bacterial vaginosis, and chancroid. First and recurrent incidence rates for any STIs were reported. Our sample included 766 sexually active AYAs with HIV. A total of 721 patients were included in the pre-COVID era and 583 (80.9%) had at least one STI. A total of 337 patients were included in the COVID era, and 158 had at least one STI (46.9%). The overall first STI incidence rate increased from 42.47 to 58.67 per 100 person-years (PY) and the recurrent STI incidence rate increased from 121.50 to 169.85 per 100 PY from the pre-COVID to the COVID era ( < 0.001). Our study demonstrated significantly higher incidence rates of first and recurrent STIs in AYAs living with HIV in the COVID era. We urge continuation of existing STI prevention programs to avoid secondary clinical and economic adverse effects of increased infections.
Topics: Humans; COVID-19; Female; Incidence; Sexually Transmitted Diseases; Retrospective Studies; HIV Infections; Male; Young Adult; Adolescent; SARS-CoV-2; Georgia; Coinfection; Adult; Sexual Behavior
PubMed: 38935346
DOI: 10.1089/apc.2024.0060 -
Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS Jun 2024To highlight recent data on HPV infection and cervical precancerous lesions in adolescents with HIV, and priorities for primary and secondary HPV prevention.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
To highlight recent data on HPV infection and cervical precancerous lesions in adolescents with HIV, and priorities for primary and secondary HPV prevention.
RECENT FINDINGS
Incident and persistent high-risk HPV infections and cervical abnormalities are higher among young women with perinatally acquired HIV compared to their HIV-negative peers; data on HPV among males with perinatally acquired HIV are scarce. HPV vaccination is highly effective in preventing HPV-related disease, but antibody titers may decline in people with HIV. It remains unclear if emerging recommendations to reduce vaccine schedules from three doses to two or one dose are appropriate for children and adolescents with perinatally acquired HIV. Due to higher risks of HPV-related cancers, screening guidelines for cervical cancer differ in their frequency and age at initiation for women with HIV, but there are no recommendations for women with perinatally acquired HIV; nor for anal cancer screening for men with perinatally acquired HIV.
SUMMARY
Data on the effectiveness of reduced HPV vaccine schedules in children and adolescents with HIV are needed. Implementation research to guide strategies for vaccination, screening, and treatment should include children, adolescents, and young adults with perinatally acquired HIV to ensure they are not left behind.
PubMed: 38935056
DOI: 10.1097/COH.0000000000000868 -
Kidney Research and Clinical Practice May 2024The global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has placed patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) at heightened risk owing to their vulnerability to...
BACKGROUND
The global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has placed patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) at heightened risk owing to their vulnerability to infections. Our study focused on patients with ESKD, examining COVID-19 incidence, hospitalization, and mortality in relation to their renal replacement therapy (RRT) type and identifying factors influencing COVID-19 hospitalization.
METHODS
We conducted a retrospective cohort study using health insurance claims data from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service for patients with ESKD between July 2017 and June 2022. COVID-19 data for the general population were sourced from the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency.
RESULTS
Patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD) constituted 90.7% of the cohort, followed by kidney transplantation (KT) recipients and peritoneal dialysis (PD). After adjusting for every 10,000 individuals, KT recipients exhibited the highest COVID-19 incidence, followed by those undergoing HD and PD, whereas the general population showed a higher infection rate of 43.64. Patients undergoing HD had the highest hospitalization rates, followed by KT recipients and those undergoing PD. The mortality rate per 10,000 individuals was highest in HD, followed by PD, the general population, and KT. Multivariate analysis indicated that age, RRT duration, residence in a nursing hospital, and comorbidities were associated with COVID-19 hospitalization.
CONCLUSION
Among RRT modalities, KT recipients displayed the highest COVID-19 incidence, whereas those undergoing HD exhibited the highest hospitalization and mortality rates. This study contributes to our understanding of infectious diseases in patients on RRT and aids in preparedness for future infectious disease outbreaks.
PubMed: 38934043
DOI: 10.23876/j.krcp.23.280 -
Heliyon Jun 2024Young sexual minority men (SMM) bear the greatest burden of anal human papillomavirus (HPV) infections. We assessed anal HPV genotype discordance between the Linear...
INTRODUCTION
Young sexual minority men (SMM) bear the greatest burden of anal human papillomavirus (HPV) infections. We assessed anal HPV genotype discordance between the Linear Array (LA) and SPF10 PCR-DEIA-LiPA25 (LiPA25).
METHODS
Discordance was assessed between LA and LiPA25 using self-collected anal swabs from 120 SMM aged 18-29 who were recruited in 2014-2016. Multiple-type infection was explored as a potential confounder of testing agreement, along with clinical and behavioral factors such as HIV status, syphilis status, incarceration history, health insurance coverage, having 3 or more sex partners in the past 6 months, and co-infection with HPV-16.
RESULTS
Significant discordance was found for HPV-6, -11, -16, -31, -42, -54, and -59. Exploratory analyses suggest higher prevalence of genotype discordance in those living with HIV, those with 3 or more sex partners, and those who were positive for 4 or more HPV types.
CONCLUSIONS
Our results highlight the importance of HPV detection methods which may inform different interpretations of research assessing anal HPV natural history among SMM at highest risk for HPV.
PubMed: 38933939
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32336 -
Children (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2024Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) pose a grave threat to patient safety, morbidity, and mortality, contributing to antimicrobial resistance. Thus, we estimated the...
BACKGROUND
Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) pose a grave threat to patient safety, morbidity, and mortality, contributing to antimicrobial resistance. Thus, we estimated the point prevalence, risk factors, types, and pathogens of HAIs in hospitalized pediatric patients.
METHODS
A point prevalence survey (PPS) of HAIs in hospitalized pediatric patients < 18 years old was conducted from March to May 2021. Outcomes, risk factors, and types of HAIs associated with HAIs in 41 hospitals across Thailand were collected.
RESULTS
The prevalence of HAIs was 3.9% (95% CI 2.9-5.0%) (56/1443). By ages < 1 month, 1 month-2 years, 2-12 years, and 12-18 years, the prevalence of HAIs was 4.2%, 3.3%, 4.1%, and 3.0%, respectively ( = 0.80). Significant independent risk factors were extended hospital length of stay (LOS) and central venous catheter (CVC) use. Compared to an LOS of <4 days, LOSs of 4-7 days, 8-14 days, and >14 days had adjusted odds ratios (aORs) of 2.65 (95% CI 1.05, 6.68), 5.19 (95% CI 2.00, 13.4), and 9.03 (95% CI 3.97, 20.5), respectively. The use of a CVC had an aOR of 2.45 (95% CI 1.06-5.66). Lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) was the most common HAI type (46.4%: 26/56). The highest prevalence of HAIs was predominantly observed in LRTI diagnoses, with the highest among these in the <1 month age category at 2.3% (17/738).
CONCLUSION
The prevalence of HAIs in hospitalized pediatric patients was 3.9%. Extended LOS and use of CVC were HAI risk factors. A strategy for reducing LOS and reviewing insertion indications or the early planned removal of a CVC was implemented. The surveillance of HAIs stands as a cornerstone and fundamental component of IPC, offering invaluable insights that enhance hospital IPC interventions aimed at preventing HAIs.
PubMed: 38929317
DOI: 10.3390/children11060738 -
Children (Basel, Switzerland) May 2024In pediatric colorectal surgery, achieving and visualizing adequate perfusion during complex reconstructive procedures are paramount to ensure postoperative success.... (Review)
Review
In pediatric colorectal surgery, achieving and visualizing adequate perfusion during complex reconstructive procedures are paramount to ensure postoperative success. However, intraoperative identification of proper perfusion remains a challeng. This review synthesizes findings from the literature spanning from January 2010 to March 2024, sourced from Medline/PubMed, EMBASE, and other databases, to evaluate the role of indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence imaging in enhancing surgical outcomes. Specifically, it explores the use of ICG in surgeries related to Hirschsprung disease, anorectal malformations, cloacal reconstructions, vaginal agenesis, bladder augmentation, and the construction of antegrade continence channels. Preliminary evidence suggests that ICG fluorescence significantly aids in intraoperative decision-making by improving the visualization of vascular networks and assessing tissue perfusion. Despite the limited number of studies, initial findings indicate that ICG may offer advantages over traditional clinical assessments for intestinal perfusion. Its application has demonstrated a promising safety profile in pediatric patients, underscoring the need for larger, prospective studies to validate these observations, quantify benefits, and further assess its impact on clinical outcomes. The potential of ICG to enhance pediatric colorectal surgery by providing real-time, accurate perfusion data could significantly improve surgical precision and patient recovery.
PubMed: 38929244
DOI: 10.3390/children11060665 -
Journal of the International AIDS... Jun 2024Outside of pregnancy, evidence shows that persons with HIV initiating or switching to dolutegravir (DTG)-based antiretroviral therapy (ART) experience greater weight...
INTRODUCTION
Outside of pregnancy, evidence shows that persons with HIV initiating or switching to dolutegravir (DTG)-based antiretroviral therapy (ART) experience greater weight gain compared to those on other ART classes. However, there are few data on the impact of DTG-based ART on gestational weight gain (GWG) in sub-Saharan Africa where HIV is most common. According to the National Academy of Medicine (NAM), GWG below and above NAM guidelines is associated with adverse birth outcomes. Therefore, the objective of this study was to describe GWG by HIV status and ART regimen, and examine the associations with adverse birth outcomes.
METHODS
We enrolled pregnant women with HIV (WHIV) and without HIV (≥18 years) in a peri-urban primary healthcare facility in Cape Town, South Africa between 2019 and 2022. GWG was study-measured at 24-28 (baseline) and 33-38 weeks gestation and converted to GWG rate (kg/week) in accordance with NAM guidelines. GWG z-scores were generated using the INTEGROWTH-21 and US standards to account for differing lengths of gestation. Birth outcome data were obtained from medical records. Associations of GWG z-score with adverse birth outcomes were assessed using multivariable linear or log-binomial regression.
RESULTS
Among 292 participants (48% WHIV), median age was 29 years (IQR, 25-33), median pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) was 31 kg/m (IQR, 26-36) and 20% were primiparous at baseline. The median weekly rate of GWG was 0.30 kg/week (IQR, 0.12-0.50), 35% had GWG below NAM standards (59% WHIV) and 48% had GWG above NAM standards (36% WHIV). WHIV gained weight more slowly (0.25 vs. 0.37 kg/week, p<0.01) than women without HIV. Weekly rate of GWG did not differ by ART regimen (DTG-based ART 0.25 vs. efavirenz-based ART 0.27 kg/week, p = 0.80). In multivariable analyses, GWG z-score was positively associated with continuous birth weight (mean difference = 68.53 95% CI 8.96, 128.10) and categorical high birth weight of >4000 g (RR = 2.18 95% CI 1.18, 4.01).
CONCLUSIONS
Despite slower GWG among WHIV, nearly half of all women gained weight faster than recommended by the NAM. GWG was positively associated with infant birth weight. Interventions to support healthy GWG in sub-Saharan Africa are urgently needed.
Topics: Humans; Female; Pregnancy; HIV Infections; Adult; South Africa; Prospective Studies; Gestational Weight Gain; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Young Adult; Pregnancy Outcome; Infant, Newborn; Pyridones; Oxazines; Anti-HIV Agents; Heterocyclic Compounds, 3-Ring; Piperazines
PubMed: 38926935
DOI: 10.1002/jia2.26313 -
Neuropathology : Official Journal of... Jun 2024Glycogen storage diseases (GSDs) are a group of metabolic disorders affecting glycogen metabolism, with polyglucosan body myopathy type 1 (PGBM1) being a rare variant...
Glycogen storage diseases (GSDs) are a group of metabolic disorders affecting glycogen metabolism, with polyglucosan body myopathy type 1 (PGBM1) being a rare variant linked to RBCK1 gene mutations. Understanding the clinical diversity of PGBM1 aids in better characterization of the disease. Two unrelated Iranian families with individuals exhibiting progressive muscle weakness underwent clinical evaluations, genetic analysis using whole exome sequencing (WES), and histopathological examinations of muscle biopsies. In one case, a novel homozygous RBCK1 variant was identified, presenting with isolated myopathy without cardiac or immune involvement. Conversely, the second case harbored a known homozygous RBCK1 variant, displaying a broader phenotype encompassing myopathy, cardiomyopathy, inflammation, and immunodeficiency. Histopathological analyses confirmed characteristic skeletal muscle abnormalities consistent with PGBM1. Our study contributes to the expanding understanding of RBCK1-related diseases, illustrating the spectrum of phenotypic variability associated with distinct RBCK1 variants. These findings underscore the importance of genotype-phenotype correlations in elucidating disease mechanisms and guiding clinical management. Furthermore, the utility of next-generation sequencing techniques in diagnosing complex neurogenetic disorders is emphasized, facilitating precise diagnosis and enabling tailored genetic counseling for affected individuals and their families.
PubMed: 38922716
DOI: 10.1111/neup.12993 -
AIDS Research and Therapy Jun 2024Tuberculosis preventive therapy is vital in caring for HIV-positive individuals, as it prevents the progression from latent tuberculosis infection to tuberculosis...
Completion of tuberculosis preventive therapy and associated factors among clients on antiretroviral therapy at Debre Berhan town health facilities, North Shoa Zone, Ethiopia.
BACKGROUND
Tuberculosis preventive therapy is vital in caring for HIV-positive individuals, as it prevents the progression from latent tuberculosis infection to tuberculosis disease. The aim of the study is to assess the completion of tuberculosis preventive therapy and associated factors among clients receiving antiretroviral therapy in Debre Berhan town, Ethiopia, in 2022.
METHOD
Institutional based cross sectional study was conducted. Random sampling methods were used to select both study participants and health facilities. Both bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed. P-values less than 0.05 were statistically significant.
RESULT
The study found that, 83% of participants were completed tuberculosis preventive therapy. Completed tuberculosis preventive therapy was associated with no adverse drug events, taking first-line ART, and good ART adherence.
CONCLUSION
According to the Ethiopian ART guidelines, the study found a low completion rate of tuberculosis preventive therapy among HIV-positive clients on antiretroviral therapy. Factors like no adverse drug events, first-line antiretroviral regimen, and good adherence were significantly associated with completing tuberculosis preventive therapy.
Topics: Humans; Ethiopia; Male; Female; Cross-Sectional Studies; Adult; HIV Infections; Tuberculosis; Middle Aged; Medication Adherence; Antitubercular Agents; Young Adult; Anti-HIV Agents; Health Facilities; Adolescent
PubMed: 38918790
DOI: 10.1186/s12981-024-00629-0