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Correlation of gut microbiota with leukopenia after chemotherapy in patients with colorectal cancer.BMC Microbiology Nov 2023The most common toxic side effect after chemotherapy, one of the main treatments for colorectal cancer (CRC), is myelosuppression.
BACKGROUND
The most common toxic side effect after chemotherapy, one of the main treatments for colorectal cancer (CRC), is myelosuppression.
OBJECTIVE
To analyze the correlation between gut microbiota and leukopenia after chemotherapy in CRC patients.
METHODS
Stool samples were collected from 56 healthy individuals and 55 CRC patients. According to the leukocytes levels in peripheral blood, the CRC patients were divided into hypoleukocytes group (n = 13) and normal leukocytes group (n = 42). Shannon index, Simpson index, Ace index, Chao index and Coverage index were used to analyze the diversity of gut microbiota. LDA and Student's t-test(St test) were used for analysis of differences. Six machine learning algorithms, including logistic regression (LR) algorithm, random forest (RF) algorithm, neural network (NN) algorithm, support vector machine (SVM) algorithm, catboost algorithm and gradient boosting tree algorithm, were used to construct the prediction model of gut microbiota with leukopenia after chemotherapy for CRC.
RESULTS
Compared with healthy group, the microbiota alpha diversity of CRC patients was significantly decreased (p < 0.05). After analyzing the gut microbiota differences of the two groups, 15 differential bacteria, such as Bacteroides, Faecalibacterium and Streptococcus, were screened. RF prediction model had the highest accuracy, and the gut microbiota with the highest predictive value were Peptostreptococcus, Faecalibacterium, and norank_f__Ruminococcaceae, respectively. Compared with normal leukocytes group, the microbiota alpha diversity of hypoleukocytes group was significantly decreased (p < 0.05). The proportion of Escherichia-Shigella was significantly decreased in the hypoleukocytes group. After analyzing the gut microbiota differences of the two groups, 9 differential bacteria, such as Escherichia-Shigella, Fusicatenibacter and Cetobacterium, were screened. RF prediction model had the highest accuracy, and the gut microbiota with the highest predictive value were Fusicatenibacte, Cetobacterium, and Paraeggerthella.
CONCLUSION
Gut microbiota is related to leukopenia after chemotherapy. The gut microbiota may provide a novel method for predicting myelosuppression after chemotherapy in CRC patients.
Topics: Humans; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Colorectal Neoplasms; Microbiota; Bacteria; Leukopenia
PubMed: 37978347
DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-03067-6 -
Cellular and Molecular Biology... Oct 2023Accumulating evidences have shown that Peptostreptococcus anaerobius (P.a) is abundantly enriched in the fetus of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. P.a is reported able...
Accumulating evidences have shown that Peptostreptococcus anaerobius (P.a) is abundantly enriched in the fetus of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. P.a is reported able to invade colorectal tissues. This study intends to uncover the clinical significance of P.a in CRC. Mucosal tissues collected from CRC cases (n=109) and precancerous healthy ones (n=65) were subjected to the determination of the absolute copy number of P.a by droplet digital PCR. The positive rate of P.a in mucosal tissues of CRC and healthy ones was 79.8% (87/109), and 55.4% (36/65), respectively. The average absolute copy number of P.a in them was 2.3 copy/ng DNA, and 0.32 copy/ng DNA, respectively. The abundance of P.a in mucosal tissues of CRC, and age and TNM staging of CRC cases were correlated to its survival. The abundance of P.a in CRC cases was remarkably correlated to the relative level of SQLE. The abundance of P.a can be monitored to predict the prognosis of CRC.
Topics: Humans; Colorectal Neoplasms; Peptostreptococcus; Biomarkers; DNA; Biomarkers, Tumor
PubMed: 37953554
DOI: 10.14715/cmb/2023.69.10.36 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2023The aim of our study was to investigate the impact of long-term exposure to heavy metals on the microbiome of the buccal mucosa, to unveil the link between environmental...
OBJECTIVES
The aim of our study was to investigate the impact of long-term exposure to heavy metals on the microbiome of the buccal mucosa, to unveil the link between environmental contamination and the oral microbial ecosystem, and to comprehend its potential health implications.
METHODS
Subjects were divided into two groups: the exposure group and the control group. We collected samples of buccal mucosa, soil, and blood, and conducted microbial diversity analysis on both groups of oral samples using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The concentrations of heavy metals in blood and soil samples were also determined. Additionally, microbial networks were constructed for the purpose of topological analysis.
RESULTS
Due to long-term exposure to heavy metals, the relative abundance of , , , and increased, while the abundance of , , , , and decreased. The concentrations of heavy metals in the blood (Pb, Cd, Hg, and Mo) were associated with the growth of , , , and . In addition, the relative abundances of some pathogenic bacteria, such as , , and , were found to be enriched in the exposure group. Compared to the exposure group network, the control group network had a greater number of nodes, modules, interactive species, and keystone taxa. Module hubs and connectors in the control group converted into peripherals in the exposure group, indicating that keystone taxa changed. Metals in the blood (Pb, Cd, Hg, and Mo) were drivers of the microbial network of the buccal mucosa, which can have adverse effects on the network, thus providing conditions for the occurrence of certain diseases.
CONCLUSION
Long-term exposure to multiple metals perturbs normal bacterial communities in the buccal mucosa of residents in contaminated areas. This exposure reduces the complexity and stability of the microbial network and increases the risk of developing various diseases.
PubMed: 37928665
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1264619 -
Infection Apr 2024The prevalence of odontogenic infections remains one of the highest in the world. If untreated, odontogenic infections can break through the limitation, disseminate to... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
The prevalence of odontogenic infections remains one of the highest in the world. If untreated, odontogenic infections can break through the limitation, disseminate to other organs or spaces, and cause high mortality rates. However, it is still difficult to rapidly target limited or disseminated infections in clinical practice. The type of disseminated odontogenic infections and the responsible bacteria have not been described in detail.
METHODS
Search databases (e.g., PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science, Embase) for reports published from 2018.1 to 2022.9. Use search strategies: ("odontogenic infections" OR "pulpitis" OR "periapical lesions" OR "periodontal diseases") AND ("disseminated infections" OR "complication").
RESULTS
Fourteen different types of disseminated odontogenic infections, most of which are polymicrobial infections, can spread through the body either direct or through hematogenous diffusion. Multiple microbial infections can be more invasive in the transmission of infection. Secondary infections are commonly associated with bacteria like Fusobacterium spp., Streptococcus spp., Peptostreptococcus spp., Prevotella spp., and Staphylococcus spp. Antibiotics with broad-spectrum activity are fundamental as first-line antimicrobial agents based on the microorganisms isolated from disseminated infections.
CONCLUSION
This review elaborates on the epidemiology, microorganisms, risk factors, and dissemination routes, and provides evidence-based opinions on the diagnosis, multidisciplinary management, and prevention of odontogenic infections for dentists and clinicians.
Topics: Humans; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Streptococcus
PubMed: 37926767
DOI: 10.1007/s15010-023-02117-5 -
Food & Function Nov 2023Carotenoids in tomatoes confer significant health benefits to humans but with the disadvantage of the carotenoids from raw tomatoes not being easily absorbed for...
Carotenoids in tomatoes confer significant health benefits to humans but with the disadvantage of the carotenoids from raw tomatoes not being easily absorbed for utilization. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the effects of different cooking processes on carotenoid release and human gut microbiota composition during simulated gastrointestinal digestion of tomatoes. The results showed that stir-frying significantly increased the release of lycopene and β-carotene during gastrointestinal digestion, with boiling being the second most effective treatment. The boiling-treated tomatoes enhanced the carotenoid release during fermentation. Gut microbiota analysis revealed that the digestion of the raw and boiled tomatoes promoted the growth of potentially beneficial microbiota while reducing the ratio of /, which potentially helps prevent obesity. Boiling treatment significantly reduced the growth of and was negatively correlated with carotenoid release. Overall, the boiling-treated tomatoes were more effective than the raw or stir-fried tomatoes in terms of both colon health benefits and carotenoid release.
Topics: Humans; Solanum lycopersicum; Fermentation; Carotenoids; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Digestion
PubMed: 37902310
DOI: 10.1039/d3fo02849f -
Cancers Oct 2023Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a significant global health concern. Microbial dysbiosis and associated metabolites have been associated with CRC occurrence and progression....
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a significant global health concern. Microbial dysbiosis and associated metabolites have been associated with CRC occurrence and progression. This study aims to analyze the gut microbiota composition and the enriched metabolic pathways in patients with late-stage CRC. In this study, a cohort of 25 CRC patients diagnosed at late stage III and IV and 25 healthy participants were enrolled. The fecal bacterial composition was investigated using V3-V4 ribosomal RNA gene sequencing, followed by clustering and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size (LEfSe) analyses. A cluster of ortholog genes' (COG) functional annotations and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) were employed to identify enrichment pathways between the two groups. The findings showed that the fecal microbiota between the two groups varied significantly in alpha and beta diversities. CRC patients' fecal samples had significantly enriched populations of , , , , , , , , Family XIII_AD3001 Group, , , , , , , and (Q < 0.05). The enriched pathways identified in the CRC group were amino acid transport, signaling and metabolism, membrane biogenesis, DNA replication and mismatch repair system, and protease activity (Q < 0.05). These results suggested that the imbalance between intestinal bacteria and the elevated level of the predicated functions and pathways may contribute to the development of advanced CRC tumors. Further research is warranted to elucidate the exact role of the gut microbiome in CRC and its potential implications for use in diagnostic, prevention, and treatment strategies.
PubMed: 37894386
DOI: 10.3390/cancers15205019 -
Microorganisms Oct 2023The effectiveness of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in ulcerative colitis (UC) remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the feasibility and effectiveness...
The effectiveness of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in ulcerative colitis (UC) remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the feasibility and effectiveness of serial fecal infusions via colonoscopy in patients with active UC. Subjects with mild-to-moderate UC received three consecutive fecal infusions via colonoscopy. A control population with the same baseline features receiving Infliximab treatment was enrolled. Adverse events and clinical, endoscopic, and microbial outcomes were investigated. Nineteen patients with mildly-to-moderately active UC were enrolled. Clinical response was obtained in six patients at week 2, in eight at week 6, and in nine at week 12. Clinical response was maintained in eight patients at week 24. Endoscopic remission at week 12 was reached in six patients. In the control population, 13/19 patients achieved clinical response at week 6, and 10/19 patients maintained clinical response after 6 months. Microbiota richness was higher in responders compared with the non-responders. , , and were higher in non-responders, while , , , and were higher in responders at all timepoints. Serial FMT infusions appear to be feasible, safe, and effective in UC patients, with a potential role in inducing and maintaining clinical response. Specific bacteria predict the response to FMT.
PubMed: 37894194
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11102536 -
Journal of Biomolecular Structure &... Oct 2023Protein L is a multidomain protein from with binding affinity to kappa light chain of human immunoglobulin (Ig) which is used for the purification of antibody fragments...
Protein L is a multidomain protein from with binding affinity to kappa light chain of human immunoglobulin (Ig) which is used for the purification of antibody fragments by affinity chromatography. The advances in protein engineering and computational biology approaches lead to the development of engineered affinity ligands with improved properties including binding affinity. In this study, molecular dynamics simulations (MDs) and Osprey software were used to design single B domains of the Protein L with higher affinity to antibody fragments. The modified B domains were then polymerized to ligand with six B domains by homology modeling methods. The results showed that single B domain mutants of MB1 (Thr865Trp) and MB2 (Thr847Met-Thr865Trp) had higher binding affinity to Fab compared to the wild single B domain. Also, MDs and molecular docking results showed that the polymerized Proteins L including the wild and mutated six B domains (6B0, 6B1, and 6B2) were stable during MDs and the two mutants of 6B1 and 6B2 showed higher binding affinity to Fab relative to the wild type.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
PubMed: 37855377
DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2268219 -
International Archives of Allergy and... 2024The full spectrum of bacterial and fungal species in adult asthma and the effect of inhaled corticosteroid use is not well described. The aim was to collect mouthwash...
INTRODUCTION
The full spectrum of bacterial and fungal species in adult asthma and the effect of inhaled corticosteroid use is not well described. The aim was to collect mouthwash and induced sputum samples from newly diagnosed asthma patients in the pretreatment period and in chronic asthma patients while undergoing regular maintenance inhaled corticosteroid therapy, in order to demonstrate the bacterial and fungal microbiome profile.
METHODS
The study included 28 asthmatic patients on inhaler steroid therapy, 25 steroid-naive asthmatics, and 24 healthy controls. Genomic DNA was isolated from induced sputum and mouthwash samples. Analyses were performed using bacterial primers selected from the 16S rRNA region for the bacterial genome and "panfungal" primers selected from the 5.8S rRNA region for the fungal genome.
RESULTS
Dominant genera in mouthwash samples of steroid-naive asthmatics were Neisseria, Haemophilus, and Rothia. The oral microbiota of asthmatic patients on inhaler steroid treatment included Neisseria, Rothia, and Veillonella species. Abundant genera in induced sputum samples of steroid-naive asthma patients were Actinomyces, Granulicatella, Fusobacterium, Peptostreptococcus, and Atopobium. Sputum microbiota of asthma patients taking inhaler steroids were dominated by Prevotella and Porphyromonas. Mucor plumbeus and Malassezia restricta species were abundant in the airways of steroid-naive asthma patients. Choanephora infundibulifera and Malassezia restricta became dominant in asthma patients taking inhaled steroids.
CONCLUSION
The oral and airway microbiota consist of different bacterial and fungal communities in healthy and asthmatic patients. Inhaler steroid use may influence the composition of the oral and airway microbiota.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Mycobiome; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Mouthwashes; Asthma; Bacteria; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Nebulizers and Vaporizers; Sputum; Steroids; Malassezia
PubMed: 37844548
DOI: 10.1159/000531866 -
Cureus Sep 2023A lung abscess is characterized as a clinical ailment arising from the localized suppurative necrosis of lung parenchyma. This condition primarily results from the...
A lung abscess is characterized as a clinical ailment arising from the localized suppurative necrosis of lung parenchyma. This condition primarily results from the complications of aspiration pneumonia due to anaerobic microorganisms originating from the oral cavity. Clinically, patients typically manifest symptoms such as fever, malaise, and a productive cough persisting over several weeks. The majority of lung abscess cases acquired within the community stem from anaerobic bacterial infections, often exhibiting a polymicrobial nature. We present a 51-year-old female with intrapulmonary abscess and empyema, with isolation of species. She has a 25-pack-year smoking history. Two weeks prior to arrival at our facility, she experienced intermittent shortness of breath, fever, and subjective fever. Her primary care physician ordered an outpatient computed tomography (CT) which showed evidence of a large right-sided fluid collection. Initial chest X-ray at our facility revealed extensive opacification of the middle and right lower hemithorax, believed to be a large-sized pleural effusion with adjacent pneumonia or atelectasis. She was given a working diagnosis of right-sided empyema. Cardiothoracic surgery was consulted and video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) was performed. A very large collection of grossly purulent material was evacuated and revealed a large intrapulmonary abscess. Over 400 cc of frank pus was collected and sent for microbiological analysis. Anaerobic culture demonstrated 3+ species and 3+ species. The genus consists of a small, strictly anaerobic, gram-negative cocci that lacks flagella, spores, and capsules. This genus obtains energy from the utilization of short-chain organic acids that are present in the oral cavity and intestinal tract. Oral is strongly associated with biofilms, causing human oral infectious diseases such as periodontitis and dental caries. Literature states that this organism has been isolated in a limited number of chronic pneumonitis cases. To date, the most common organism isolated from lung abscesses is in adult patients and in pediatric patients. We strive to elucidate the distinctive clinical presentation evident in this case, alongside a comprehensive understanding of the unusual pathogens identified in the disease's pathogenesis.
PubMed: 37842426
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.45210