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Gene Jun 2024Soy isoflavones have been reported to exhibit anti-tumor effects. We hypothesize that genetic variants of soy isoflavone metabolism-related genes are associated with the...
BACKGROUND
Soy isoflavones have been reported to exhibit anti-tumor effects. We hypothesize that genetic variants of soy isoflavone metabolism-related genes are associated with the risk of lung cancer.
METHODS
A two-stage case-control study design was conducted in this study. The discovery stage included 300 lung cancer cases and 600 healthy controls to evaluate the association of candidate genetic variants with lung cancer risk. The validation stage involved 1200 cases and 1200 controls to validate the associations found. Furthermore, qPCR was performed to assess the mRNA expression levels of different genotypes of the SNP. ELISA was used to explore the association between genotype and soy isoflavone levels, as well as the association between soy isoflavone levels and lung cancer risk.
RESULTS
A nonlinear association was observed between plasma soy isoflavone levels and lung cancer risk, with higher soy isoflavone levels associated with lower lung cancer risk (P < 0.001). The two-stage case-control study identified that UGT1A1 rs3755319 A > C was associated with lung cancer (Recessive model: adjusted OR = 0.69, 95 %CI = 0.57-0.84, P < 0.001). Moreover, eQTL analysis showed that the expression level of UGT1A1 in the rs3755319 CC genotype was lower than in the AA + AC genotype (P < 0.05). The plasma concentration of soy isoflavones in the rs3755319 CC genotype was higher than in the AA + AC genotype (P = 0.008).
CONCLUSIONS
We identified a potentially functional SNP, UGT1A1 rs3755319 A > C, as being associated with lung cancer risk. Further experiments will be needed to explore the mechanisms underlying the observed associations.
PubMed: 38945312
DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148732 -
American Journal of Infection Control Jun 2024The mounted UV-C lamp requires no separate space or labor for transport, but data on its effectiveness for surface disinfection are scarce. We aimed to evaluate the...
BACKGROUND
The mounted UV-C lamp requires no separate space or labor for transport, but data on its effectiveness for surface disinfection are scarce. We aimed to evaluate the performance of ceiling-mounted UV-C lamps.
METHODS
This study was conducted in an empty room with UV-C lamps in the biocontainment unit of a tertiary care hospital in South Korea. UV-C lamps were installed on the ceiling of the patient room, anteroom, and toilet. Each pathogen (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Candida krusei, Bacillus cereus, and Mycobacterium peregrinum) was inoculated on blood agar plates and placed in 20 selected places from the UV-C lamp, and irradiation was applied for 15 min. As a control group, the bacterial solution was diluted 10,000 times and UV was not applied.
RESULTS
A mean ± SD of 5.95 ± 0.91 log reduction was observed with UV irradiation compared with the control. The log reduction was greatest for S. aureus [median, 7.05 (IQR, 6.49-7.26)] and least for M. peregrinum [median, 4.88 (IQR, 4.58-5.24)]. The degree of log reduction was inversely proportional to the square of the distance from the UV-C lamp (R = -0.12, p < 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS
In this study, ceiling-mounted UV-C demonstrated effective disinfection of at least 4-log reduction of the test organisms within a 4-m distance. Mounted UV-C lighting is a considerable option for improving surface disinfection.
PubMed: 38945300
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2024.06.020 -
The Journal of Nutrition Jun 2024Carnivorous fish have a low carbohydrate utilization ability, and the physiological and molecular basis of glucose intolerance has not been fully illustrated.
Single Cell Transcriptomic Analysis Revealed the Cell Populations Changes and Cell-Cell Communication in the Liver of a Carnivorous Fish Response to High Carbohydrate Diet.
BACKGROUND
Carnivorous fish have a low carbohydrate utilization ability, and the physiological and molecular basis of glucose intolerance has not been fully illustrated.
OBJECTIVES
This study aimed to use largemouth bass as a model to investigate the possible mechanism of glucose intolerance in carnivorous fish with the help of snRNA-seq.
METHODS
Two diets were formulated, a low carbohydrate diet (LC) and a high carbohydrate diet (HC). The feeding trial lasted for six weeks, then growth performance, biochemical parameters, liver histology, and snRNA-seq were performed.
RESULTS
Growth performance of fish was not affected by the HC diet, while liver glucolipid metabolism disorder and liver injury were observed. A total of 13247 and 12848 cells from the liver derived from two groups were isolated and sequenced, and 7 major liver cell types were annotated by the marker genes. Hepatocytes and cholangiocytes were lower, hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and immune cells were higher in the HC group compared to the LC group. Re-clustering analysis identified 7 subtypes of hepatocytes and immune cells, respectively. The HSCs showed more cell communication with other cell types, and periportal hepatocytes showed more cell communication with other subtype hepatocytes. Cell-cell communication mainly focused on cell junction related signaling pathways. Uncovered by the pseudotime analysis, midzonal hepatocytes were differentiated into two major branches, biliary epithelial hepatocytes, and hepatobiliary hybrid progenitor. Cell junction and liver fibrosis related genes were highly expressed in HC group, HC diet induced the activation of HSCs, and therefore led to the liver fibrosis of largemouth bass.
CONCLUSION
HC diet induced liver glucolipid metabolism disorder and liver injury of largemouth bass,the increase and activation of HSCs might be the main reason for the liver injury. In adaption to HC diet, midzonal hepatocytes differentiated into two major branches, biliary epithelial hepatocytes, and hepatobiliary hybrid progenitors.
PubMed: 38945299
DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.06.016 -
Neurocirugia (English Edition) Jun 2024In Europe, units with Dual-trained Neurovascular Surgeons (DTNS) skilled in both open neurosurgery (ON) and endovascular neurosurgery (EN) are scarce. For instance, in...
OBJETIVE
In Europe, units with Dual-trained Neurovascular Surgeons (DTNS) skilled in both open neurosurgery (ON) and endovascular neurosurgery (EN) are scarce. For instance, in Spain, our unit is unique within the public health system, where all neurovascular procedures are carried out by DTNS. Our study aims to evaluate the evolution in treating ruptured intracranial aneurysms (rICAs) and assess the impact of this evolution on clinical outcomes.
METHODS
A retrospective cohort study was performed on rICAs treated in our unit from October 2012 to June 2023. We reviewed clinical and radiological data to analyze the evolution of ON and EN over time, as well as their impact on patient outcomes. Univariate, multivariate, and mixed-effects models were utilized to discern temporal changes.
RESULTS
The modified Fisher Scale (mFS) and the modified World Federation of Neurological Surgeons scale (mWFNS) showed strong correlation with the outcome at 6 months outcomes, both with p < 0.00001. However, the surgical intervention method, ON versus EN, did not significantly affect outcomes (p > 0.85). In adjusted multivariate logistic regression, mFS (-1.579, p: 0.011) and mWFNS (-0.872, p < 0.001) maintained their significance. rICAs location was significant when comparing ON to EN p = 0.0001. A significant temporal trend favored the selection of EN p = 0.0058). Mixed-effects time series modeling indicated that while patient characteristics and rICA specifics did not predict treatment choice, the year of treatment was significantly correlated (0.161, p = 0.002). Logistic regression with interaction terms for time and treatment type did not produce significant results.
CONCLUSION
Our findings suggest that despite an increased adoption of EN techniques, there has been no change in patient outcomes. Even with the rise of EN, our unit continues to perform ON for a higher proportion of rICAs than most national hospitals. We propose that a "dual approach" offers advantages in a patient individualized treatment decision protocol in the European context.
PubMed: 38945298
DOI: 10.1016/j.neucie.2024.06.003 -
Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery Jun 2024Open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) remains the gold standard for adult distal humerus fractures (DHF). However, indications for total elbow arthroplasty (TEA)...
BACKGROUND
Open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) remains the gold standard for adult distal humerus fractures (DHF). However, indications for total elbow arthroplasty (TEA) continue to expand and the incidence of primary and salvage TEA for DHF has increased. The objective of this study was to compare complication and reoperation rate for acute versus delayed primary and salvage TEA performed for DHF.
METHODS
Patients who underwent TEA for DHF were identified in the PearlDiver database. Patients were sorted into three cohorts: (1) acute TEA (within 2 weeks of diagnosis), (2) delayed TEA (between 2 weeks and 6 months after diagnosis), and (3) salvage TEA (after failed ORIF, malunion, nonunion, delayed treatment between 6 months-1 year or post-traumatic arthritis). Multivariate analysis was utilized to assess for confounding variables and covariates when identify differences in complications between cohorts.
RESULTS
788 patients underwent acute TEA, 213 patients underwent delayed TEA, and 422 patients underwent salvage TEA after DHF. The incidence of PJI (8.5% vs. 3.4%, odds ratio (OR) 2.60, P=0.002) and triceps injury (2.4% vs. 0.4%, OR 6.29, P=0.012) were higher in the delayed compared to acute cohort. The incidence of revision (8.5% vs. 2.1%, OR 3.76, P< 0.001), periprosthetic fracture (4.3% vs. 1.1%, OR 3.64, P=0.002), PJI (14.7% vs 3.4%, OR 4.36, P< 0.001), triceps injury (2.6% vs. 0.4%, OR 5.70, P=0.008), and wound complications (6.9% vs 2.9%, OR 2.33, P=0.002) were higher in the salvage compared to acute cohort. There was an increased rate of revision (8.5% vs. 1.9%, OR 6.08, P=0.002) in the salvage compared to delayed cohort.
CONCLUSION
Patients undergoing salvage TEA after DHF have increased rates of at 2 years postoperatively including revision, periprosthetic fracture, PJI, triceps injury, and wound complications. The salvage cohort also had an increased risk of revision when compared to the delayed cohort. However, other than revision rates, patients in the salvage and delayed cohorts have similar postoperative complication rates.
PubMed: 38945291
DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2024.05.010 -
Journal of Dairy Science Jun 2024Calf loss continues to be a considerable problem on German dairy farms. Untrained personnel or the lack of best practice routines are potential reasons. Standard...
Calf loss continues to be a considerable problem on German dairy farms. Untrained personnel or the lack of best practice routines are potential reasons. Standard operating procedures (SOPs) may increase process consistency and can improve animal health and animal welfare. We developed SOPs for 8 important tasks in calf care and provided them online to interested dairy farmers and their employees. Five questionnaires were embedded to collect data on demographics, use, perception, and feasibility of SOPs. Main objectives of the study were to investigate 1) if there is a gap between the existence of SOPs and the wish for SOPs, 2) if participants (n = 301) consider ready-made SOPs as feasible for their farm and 3) suitable to train new personnel, and 4) if they state their confidence in task execution higher after the courses. We experienced a strong discrepancy between the existence (13.1%) and the wish for SOPs (69.4%). Most the participants rated ready-made SOPs as feasible for their farm (66.5%). Eighty-five percent fully agreed or agreed to the statement that SOPs are a suitable tool for training new employees. Interestingly, 64.2% of employees mentioned, that they wanted to be involved in the creation of SOPs specific to their farm. The SOP based e-learning courses increased the confidence in performing tasks in calf care, especially concerning the tasks which were less often performed tasks such as tube feeding, emergency care and testing of colostrum quality.
PubMed: 38945258
DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-24597 -
Journal of Minimally Invasive Gynecology Jun 2024To reinterpret the surgical anatomy of paracolpium in radical hysterectomy and to explore its implications for the surgery.
OBJECTIVE
To reinterpret the surgical anatomy of paracolpium in radical hysterectomy and to explore its implications for the surgery.
SETTING
The term "paracolpium," first defined by Fothergill in 1907, is essential in radical hysterectomy. However, several challenges remain unresolved. These include: (1) inconsistent terminology in relation to its defined attributes; (2) the lack of consensus on anatomical landmarks; (3) unclear associations with the cardinal and sacral ligaments; and (4) the critical implications and requirements of paracolpium resection in radical hysterectomy practices.
PARTICIPANTS
A patient in her 60s diagnosed with stage IB2 cervical cancer was enrolled in a clinical trial and assigned to the laparoscopic surgery group. A step-by-step, narrated video demonstration.
INTERVENTIONS
During the procedure, post-excision of the uterosacral, cardinal, and vesicovaginal ligaments, we identified a ligament-like structure situated between the middle third of the vagina and the pelvic wall. We have termed this structure the "paracolpium ligament." A detailed anatomical description was performed, outlining its crucial attachments.
PubMed: 38945252
DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2024.06.012 -
The Science of the Total Environment Jun 2024Groundwater pollution source recognition (GPSR) is a prerequisite for subsequent pollution remediation and risk assessment work. The actual observed data are the most...
Groundwater pollution source recognition (GPSR) is a prerequisite for subsequent pollution remediation and risk assessment work. The actual observed data are the most important known condition in GPSR, but the observed data can be contaminated with noise in real cases. This may directly affect the recognition results. Therefore, denoising is important. However, in different practical situations, the noise attribute (e.g., noise level) and observed data attribute (e.g., observed frequency) may be different. Therefore, it is necessary to study the applicability of denoising. Current studies have two deficiencies. First, when dealing with complex nonlinear and non-stationary situations, the effect of previous denoising methods needs to be improved. Second, previous attempts to analyze the applicability of denoising in GPSR have not been comprehensive enough because they only consider the influence of the noise attribute, while overlooking the observed data attribute. To resolve these issues, this study adopted the variational mode decomposition (VMD) to perform denoising on the noisy observed data in GPSR for the first time. It further explored the influence of different factors on the denoising effect. The tests were conducted under 12 different scenarios. Then, we expanded the study to include not only the noise attribute (noise level) but also the observed data attribute (observed frequency), thus providing a more comprehensive analysis of the applicability of denoising in GPSR. Additionally, we used a new heuristic optimization algorithm, the collective decision optimization algorithm, to improve the recognition accuracy. Four representative scenarios were adopted to test the ideas. The results showed that the VMD performed well under various scenarios, and the denoising effect diminished as the noise level increased and the observed frequency decreased. The denoising was more effective for GPSR with high noise levels and multiple observed frequencies. The collective decision optimization algorithm had a good inversion accuracy and strong robustness.
PubMed: 38945246
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174374 -
World Neurosurgery Jun 2024This study aimed to pinpoint independent predictors influencing overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) in elderly patients with small cell lung cancer...
OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to pinpoint independent predictors influencing overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) in elderly patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC) brain metastasis (BM), and to create and validate nomograms for OS and CSS prediction.
METHODS
Data from elderly SCLC BM patients were extracted out of the SEER database, including 1200 patients identified from 2010 and 2015 who were randomly allocated into a training set and an internal validation set at a proportion of 7:3, and 666 patients diagnosed between 2018 and 2020 as a temporal external validation set. Independent predictors for OS and CSS were determined through univariate Cox analysis, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) analysis, and multivariate Cox analysis sequentially. Nomograms for OS and CSS were constructed, and validated by the internal and temporal external validation sets.
RESULTS
Age, N stage, chemotherapy, and liver metastasis were determined as independent predictors of OS and CSS, while radiotherapy and surgery were not. Nomograms were constructed based on these independent predictors. The results of the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves, the areas under the curve (AUC) and calibration curve demonstrated that the nomograms exhibited commendable discriminative ability and calibration. Moreover, decision curve analysis (DCA), net reclassification improvement (NRI), and integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) also suggested that the nomograms possessed superior clinical usefulness and predictive capability relative to the TNM system.
CONCLUSIONS
Prognostic nomograms for elderly patients with SCLC BM have been developed, demonstrating good performance in terms of accuracy, reliability, and practicality.
PubMed: 38945206
DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2024.06.137 -
Journal of Endodontics Jun 2024The current evidence linking tooth loss and cardiovascular disease mortality is inconclusive. Thus, the aim of this systematic review was to explore the association... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
The current evidence linking tooth loss and cardiovascular disease mortality is inconclusive. Thus, the aim of this systematic review was to explore the association between tooth loss and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality.
METHODS
A comprehensive literature search of databases and gray literature included: Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, CENTRAL, Google Scholar, various digital repositories. The included studies reported on CVD mortality and tooth loss. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale was used to assess the quality of included studies. Random-effects meta-analysis method, sub-group analysis (based on the tooth loss categories (edentulous and fewer than 10 teeth present), meta-regression (based on the number. of confounders), publication bias and sensitivity analysis were performed.
RESULTS
Twelve articles met the eligibility criteria with an overall "Good" quality. A significant association between tooth loss (edentulous or less than 10 teeth present) and CVD mortality was found in the primary meta-analysis, which compiled data from 12 studies. The estimated hazard ratio (HR) was 1.66 (95% CI: 1.32-2.09), and there was high heterogeneity (I = 82.42). Subgroup analysis revealed that the edentulous subgroup showed a higher risk with no significant heterogeneity, while the subgroup with fewer than 10 teeth showed a higher risk with substantial heterogeneity. Meta-regression analysis did not reveal any significant impact (p = 0.626) on whether variations in the number of confounders across studies would substantially affect the overall findings. No publication bias was detected and the sensitivity analysis based on the critical confounders also confirmed that tooth loss as a risk factor for CVD mortality (HR = 1.52, 95% CI: 1.28- 1.80), (I 51.82%).
CONCLUSION
The present systematic review reported that being edentulous or having lesser than 10 teeth is a predictive indicator of CVD mortality.
PubMed: 38945200
DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2024.06.012