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Australian Endodontic Journal : the... Sep 2023This study evaluated the antimicrobial efficacy of grape seed extract medicament combined with Nd:YAG laser, against Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus and...
This study evaluated the antimicrobial efficacy of grape seed extract medicament combined with Nd:YAG laser, against Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans biofilms. Root canals infected with 4-week-old biofilms were divided into five groups (n = 11): calcium hydroxide, 6.5% GSE, Nd:YAG laser (1064 nm, 1.5 w, 15 Hz and 100 mj) and 6.5% GSE followed by Nd:YAG laser and normal saline (control). Dentin chips were collected using Gates-Glidden and cultured to obtain colony-forming units. Statistical analysis was performed using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U test. GSE showed higher antibacterial activity against all species investigated compared to Ca(OH) . However, the lowest microbial count was obtained using a combination of GSE and Nd:YAG laser (p < 0.001). No significant difference in the susceptibility of tested pathogens to each of the protocols was observed (p > 0.05). Application of Nd:YAG laser following GSE medicament is efficient against endodontic biofilms; also, GSE can be considered as an alternative to Ca(OH) dressing.
Topics: Lasers, Solid-State; Grape Seed Extract; Anti-Infective Agents; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Biofilms; Enterococcus faecalis; Dental Pulp Cavity
PubMed: 36479792
DOI: 10.1111/aej.12718 -
Journal of Indian Society of... 2022Concentrated growth factor (CGF) is a newer form of autologous platelet concentrate with an extra fibrin matrix and more growth factors than that observed with...
Concentrated growth factor (CGF) is a newer form of autologous platelet concentrate with an extra fibrin matrix and more growth factors than that observed with platelet-rich fibrin, due to its different centrifugation process. This case series evaluates the early wound healing with CGF membrane as a periodontal bandage after depigmentation. Three individuals were selected for a split-mouth study. After surgical depigmentation, the test site received CGF membrane. Both groups were covered by a periodontal pack. Participants were assessed on the 3 and 5 days using a Visual Analog Scale and a Healing Index. Epithelization test was done with toluidine blue on the 5 day and tissue samples were taken for histological evaluation. The application of CGF membrane showed better healing and lesser inflammatory cells. Thus, a CGF membrane is helpful in protecting the raw wound region of depigmented sites, improving patient comfort, and for better healing.
PubMed: 36339377
DOI: 10.4103/jisp.jisp_405_21 -
Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) Sep 2022A biodegradable micro/nano-structured porous hemostatic gelatin-based sponge as a dentistry surgery foam was prepared using a freeze-drying method. In vitro function...
A biodegradable micro/nano-structured porous hemostatic gelatin-based sponge as a dentistry surgery foam was prepared using a freeze-drying method. In vitro function evaluation tests were performed to ensure its hemostatic effect. Biocompatibility tests were also performed to show the compatibility of the sponge on human fetal foreskin fibroblasts (HFFF2) cells and red blood cells (RBCs). Then, 10 patients who required the extraction of two teeth were selected, and after teeth extraction, for dressing, the produced sponge was placed in one of the extracavities while a commercial sponge was placed in the cavity in the other tooth as a control. The total weight of the absorbed blood in each group was compared. The results showed a porous structure with micrometric and nanometric pores, flexibility, a two-week range for degradation, and an ability to absorb blood 35 times its weight in vitro. The prepared sponge showed lower blood clotting times (BCTs) (243.33 ± 2.35 s) and a lower blood clotting index (BCI) (10.67 ± 0.004%) compared to two commercial sponges that displayed its ability for faster coagulation and good hemostatic function. It also had no toxic effects on the HFFF2 cells and RBCs. The clinical assessment showed a better ability of blood absorption for the produced sponge (-value = 0.0015). The sponge is recommended for use in dental surgeries because of its outstanding abilities.
PubMed: 36234564
DOI: 10.3390/nano12193436 -
Designed Monomers and Polymers 2022Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a naturally occurring biopolymer, with a remarkable wound healing property. Zinc-oxide non-eugenol is a material widely used for periodontal...
Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a naturally occurring biopolymer, with a remarkable wound healing property. Zinc-oxide non-eugenol is a material widely used for periodontal dressing in dentistry. However, it has been reported that zinc oxide non-eugenol is toxic to osteoblasts and fibroblasts. Hence, the present study aimed to evaluate the drug release and cytotoxicity of HA and zinc-oxide gels. Hydrogels of HA and zinc oxide were formulated with carbopol as a carrier. drug release was performed by UV spectrophotometry, dialysis, and vial bag methods. Cytotoxicity assessment of HA and zinc-oxide gels was performed in human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (HPdLF) and human gingival fibroblasts (hGFs). An inverted phase-contrast microscope was used to assess the morphological changes. At 24 and 48 hr, HPdLF cells showed the highest viability in 0.1% low molecular weight-HA (LMW-HA) with a median value of 131.9, and hGFs showed the highest viability in 5% LMW-HA with a median of 129.56. The highest viability of HPdLF cells was observed in 5% high molecular weight-HA (HMW-HA), with a median value of 127.11. hGFs showed the highest viability in 1% HMW-HA with a median value of 97.99. Within the limitations of the present study, we concluded that LMW-HA is more efficient than HMW-HA. Both HPdLF and hGF cells showed complete cell morbidity with zinc-oxide hydrogels. Therefore, zinc oxide-based gels in concentrations as low as 9% could be toxic intraorally to soft tissues that harbor gingival and periodontal ligament fibroblasts.
PubMed: 35910523
DOI: 10.1080/15685551.2022.2099647 -
Brazilian Oral Research 2022The objective of this study was to formulate an experimental light-cured periodontal dressing containing alpha-humulene and to compare its physical, antimicrobial, and...
The objective of this study was to formulate an experimental light-cured periodontal dressing containing alpha-humulene and to compare its physical, antimicrobial, and cytotoxicity properties with commercial gold standards (Barricaid® and Periobond®). Two periodontal dressing formulations were developed (a and b). The formulations were divided into 5 groups according to the alpha-humulene concentration as follows: Ea - control group, Ea1 - 1%, Ea5 - 5%, Ea10 - 10%, and Ea20 - 20%; Eb - control group, Eb1 - 1%, Eb5 - 5%, Eb10 - 10%, and Eb20 - 20%. Materials characterization was performed using the degree of conversion, cohesive strength, sorption, and solubility assays. Antimicrobial assay was performed using the modified direct contact test against E. faecalis and S. aureus. Cytotoxicity was assessed by the cell viability experiment using L929 fibroblasts. In general, the cohesive strength values of materials decreased as the alpha-humulene concentration increased. All the experimental dressings showed antimicrobial activity against both bacteria tested. Cell viability results for the Ea, Ea1, Eb, and Eb1 groups showed moderate cytotoxic effect. The formulations containing alpha-humulene showed similar behavior to the commercial references. Thus, formulations containing alpha-humulene have potential to be used as periodontal dressing.
Topics: Anti-Infective Agents; Monocyclic Sesquiterpenes; Periodontal Dressings; Staphylococcus aureus
PubMed: 35830138
DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2022.vol36.0091 -
International Journal of Biological... Sep 2022The paper demonstrates curcumin/β-cyclodextrin-based inclusion complex (IC) loaded polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) dip-coated and copolymer-compatibilized polylactic acid...
Designing suture-proof cell-attachable copolymer-mediated and curcumin- β-cyclodextrin inclusion complex loaded aliphatic polyester-based electrospun antibacterial constructs.
The paper demonstrates curcumin/β-cyclodextrin-based inclusion complex (IC) loaded polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) dip-coated and copolymer-compatibilized polylactic acid (PLA)/poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) blend-based electrospun mats (EMs) as antibacterial, and suture-resistant constructs, to overcome the present challenges in developing structurally-stable, biocompatible, pliable, and stand-alone multifunctional-biomedical-devices. The thermal, microstructural, and viscoelastic characterization confirmed the presence of H-bonding interactions between IC and PVA moieties and between IC incorporated PVA matrix with the copolymer-mediated nanotextured PLA/PCL blend-based EMs. IC release and surface PVA erosion induced a decrease in modulus (>4-fold) and strength (>2-fold) of constructs (post-release). Mechanistically new and architectural-framework-defined PVA-gelation induced bi-axially diverted suture-failure (post-release) and resulted in a significant enhancement in suture-retention-strength (>3-fold), energy (>5-fold), and displacement (>2-fold) for ~20 wt% IC-loaded-PVA-coated EM-constructs. The fabricated EM-constructs exhibited improvement in surface-hydrophilicity (contact angle ~45°), surface nano-roughness (~ 600 nm), surface area (~34 m/g), pore volume (~3.6 × 10 cc/g), IC release efficacy (~20 % burst release), antibacterial activity (adherent bacteria <10 %) against E. coli and S. aureus, and L929 fibroblast-cell-viability (~135 %), which varied as a function of IC-content in the PVA matrix. Our study conceptually establishes a novel and efficient technique for designing antibacterial, suture-resistant engineered-EM-constructs with tunable properties for their potential use in wound-dressings, periodontal-membranes, drug-delivery, and regenerative-systems.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Curcumin; Escherichia coli; Nanofibers; Polyesters; Polymers; Polyvinyl Alcohol; Staphylococcus aureus; Sutures; beta-Cyclodextrins
PubMed: 35793744
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.06.204 -
European Journal of Dentistry May 2023The present work aimed to evaluate the effect of lemongrass extract incorporated in a resorbable periodontal dressing on gingival wound healing microscopically,...
OBJECTIVES
The present work aimed to evaluate the effect of lemongrass extract incorporated in a resorbable periodontal dressing on gingival wound healing microscopically, following gingivectomy in rats.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Thirty healthy adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were used in this study. Gingivectomy was performed on anterior area of lower jaw in the labial surface of central incisive and, subsequently, wound areas were covered with povidone iodine gel (group P, positive control, = 10), lemongrass resorbable dressing (group L, = 10), and a cellulose-based dressing containing myrrh (group M, positive control, = 10). Histological changes were monitored in days 4, 7, and 14 postsurgery to evaluate fibroblast and collagen deposition as repair stage of healing process.
STATISTYCAL ANALYSIS
One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey's post hoc for multiple comparisons were employed to measure differences between pairs of means, p-value of 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
RESULTS
We observed significant difference repair parameters of the healing process between surgical sites treated with lemongrass periodontal dressing and control groups. Wounds treated with lemongrass dressing had greater fibroblast compared with control groups in 4 and 7 days after surgery ( ≤ 0.05).
CONCLUSION
The results suggest positive potential therapeutic effects for this new formulation of periodontal dressing on acceleration of surgical wound healing that lead to improvement of periodontal treatment consequences following gingivectomy.
PubMed: 35760358
DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1748197 -
Journal of Indian Society of... 2022A randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of local drug delivery (LDD) of as an adjunct to scaling and root planing (SRP) in...
AIM
A randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of local drug delivery (LDD) of as an adjunct to scaling and root planing (SRP) in generalized chronic periodontitis patients.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Thirty patients with ninety sites aged 25-65 years with generalized chronic periodontitis having pocket probing depth (PPD) of more than or equal to 5 mm on the basis of inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected. They were treated according to split-mouth design protocol. The placement of gel containing (1%) (Group 1) and (1%) (Group 2) as LDD was placed at the two test sites, respectively, and only SRP was done in the control group (Group 3). Periodontal dressing was applied to all the three sites after procedure, and patients were given oral care guidelines. Evaluation of clinical parameters gingival index (GI), plaque index (PI), gingival bleeding index (GBI), PPD, clinical attachment level (CAL), and relative attachment level (RAL) was done at baseline, 1, 3, and 6 months, and microbiological parameter was assessed at baseline and 6 months. N-benzoyl-DL-arginine-2-napthylamide (BANA) test was used for the microbiological analysis.
RESULTS
Clinical parameters from baseline to 6 months at different time intervals demonstrated a significant reduction in mean GI, PI, GBI, and PPD and gain in CAL and RAL over a period of 6 months, and results were statistically significant in all the three treatment groups. However, on intergroup comparison, clinically significant difference was observed, but statistically, results were significant at few intervals. The microbiological analysis revealed a statistically nonsignificant reduction at the end of 6 months on intra- and intergroup comparison.
CONCLUSION
The study concluded that the use of gel and gel clinically showed improvement in clinical parameters when combined with SRP, attributing to better anti-inflammatory and healing properties.
PubMed: 35602538
DOI: 10.4103/jisp.jisp_264_21 -
International Endodontic Journal Oct 2023Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and/or calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH) ) are commonly used during root canal treatment. Evaluation of... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and/or calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH) ) are commonly used during root canal treatment. Evaluation of their effectiveness regarding clinical and patient-related outcomes requires further understanding.
OBJECTIVES
To assess the effectiveness of root canal irrigation and dressing for the treatment of teeth with apical periodontitis (AP).
METHODS
A search was conducted in the PubMed-MEDLINE, Scopus, EMBASE, Google scholar databases and available repositories, followed by hand searches, until July 2021. Eligibility criteria followed the a priori formulated Population, Intervention, Comparator, Outcomes, Timing, and Study design (PICOTS) framework. Clinical studies restricted to English language were included. The revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomised trials (RoB 2) was used to assess the quality of included studies. Meta-analyses were performed using the fixed-effect model to obtain Risk Ratio (RR) and 95% Confidence Interval (CI), with sensitivity analysis. Overall quality of evidence of meta-analyses was assessed through the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation tool.
RESULTS
The search identified 1357 records of which six fulfilled the inclusion criteria, providing data for 'irrigation' from 212 teeth and for 'dressings' from 438 teeth. Two studies reported no significant difference regarding the outcome 'pain at 7 days' using 2% chlorhexidine vs. 5.25% NaOCl and EDTA or after using different concentrations of NaOCl (1% vs. 5%). No significant difference was detected between different NaOCl concentrations regarding the reduction of AP. A meta-analysis was possible for the comparison of single-visit (SV) versus multiple-visits including the use of Ca(OH) demonstrating a significant effect in favour of SV (RR: 1.10; 95% CI: 1.03-1.19; p = .007; I = 0). RoB of included studies was moderate to low.
DISCUSSION
The use of Ca(OH) for the treatment of AP may not be beneficial. There is scarce or no evidence fulfilling the proposed PICOTS regarding irrigants and dressings.
CONCLUSIONS
There is moderate certainty that SV treatment is associated with better radiographic evidence of normal periodontal ligament space (strict criteria) compared with the use of Ca(OH) Reduction of AP is comparable after irrigation with 1% and 5% NaOCl, whereas postoperative pain at 7 days for the irrigants assessed is similar.
REGISTRATION
PROSPERO database CRD42021260271.
Topics: Humans; Dental Pulp Cavity; Edetic Acid; Root Canal Therapy; Periapical Periodontitis; Bandages; Root Canal Irrigants
PubMed: 35579074
DOI: 10.1111/iej.13777 -
Case Reports in Dentistry 2022The ideal retrieval protocol of separated instruments reverts the case to the initial situation prior to the fracture incidence while preserving the tooth hard tissue...
The ideal retrieval protocol of separated instruments reverts the case to the initial situation prior to the fracture incidence while preserving the tooth hard tissue and the integrity of the supporting structures. When a patient presented for emergency treatment of tooth #37 diagnosed with acute suppurative apical periodontitis, radiographic examination revealed a fractured instrument extruded into the periapex. The treatment options for retrieval were limited to replantation. The initial emergency treatment which consisted of orthograde pus drain, radicular disinfection, and intracanal calcium hydroxide dressing completely resolved patient's symptoms. The follow-up radiographs revealed an interesting finding: gradual shift in the separated fragment position into the radicular space allowing a successful nonsurgical removal of the broken instrument. In conclusion, the reaction of periodontal tissues to an extruded instrument fragment remaining in situ may be favourable; thus, a risk and benefit analysis approach is essential to fractured instrument retrieval.
PubMed: 35127180
DOI: 10.1155/2022/2589021