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Human & Experimental Toxicology 2022Periodontal dressing is used to cover the gum surface and protect the wound after periodontal surgery. Nanomaterials have been widely applied in dentistry in recent...
BACKGROUND
Periodontal dressing is used to cover the gum surface and protect the wound after periodontal surgery. Nanomaterials have been widely applied in dentistry in recent years. Zinc oxide (ZnO) is one of the main components of periodontal dressing.
AIM
This study aims to explore the toxicity ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) causes to human gingival fibroblast cells (HGF-1) and its effect on cell proliferation.
METHODS
First, we identified and analyzed HGF-1, including cell morphology, growth curve, and immunohistochemistry staining. Then, we treated HGF-1 with ZnO NP. Cell viability, the integrity of the cell membrane, oxidative damage, and apoptosis were measured by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assay, fluorescent probe, and flow cytometry. Furthermore, the expression of murine double minute 2 (MDM2) and p53 was determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and Western blotting. We finally overexpressed MDM2 in HGF-1 to verify the relationship between MDM2 and cell proliferation.
RESULTS
Our research indicated ZnO NPs did not affect cell proliferation at low concentrations. However, high-concentration ZnO NP inhibited cell proliferation, destroyed the integrity of cell membranes, and induced oxidative stress and apoptosis. In addition, high concentration of ZnO NPs inhibited the proliferation of HGF-1 by regulating the expression of MDM2 and p53.
CONCLUSION
High concentration of ZnO NP caused toxicity to HGF-1 cells and inhibited cell proliferation by regulating MDM2 and p53 expression.
Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Cell Proliferation; Cell Survival; Cells, Cultured; Disease Models, Animal; Fibroblasts; Gingiva; Humans; Metal Nanoparticles; Mice; Zinc Oxide
PubMed: 35099326
DOI: 10.1177/09603271221080237 -
British Dental Journal Jan 2022
Topics: Periodontal Dressings
PubMed: 35031720
DOI: 10.1038/s41415-022-3835-4 -
Journal of Indian Society of... 2021Periodontal dressings are used for wound protection and patient comfort. Nano-silver particles have the ability to promote wound healing through anti-inflammatory...
BACKGROUND
Periodontal dressings are used for wound protection and patient comfort. Nano-silver particles have the ability to promote wound healing through anti-inflammatory properties. Hence, the present study aims to evaluate early wound healing parameters following periodontal surgery using nano-crystalline silver membrane as periodontal dressing.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Forty-two systemically healthy patients diagnosed with chronic periodontitis indicated for periodontal flap surgery were enrolled for the present study. Post surgery, the patients were randomly allocated to either a nano-crystalline silver dressing (Acticoat™) group (test group) or only the noneugenol dressing group (control group). Plaque index (PI) and wound healing index were recorded at the 7- and 14-day postsurgery. The microbiological analysis and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels were evaluated at baseline and 7-day postsurgery.
RESULTS
The healing index was significantly higher in the test group as compared to the control group at days 7 and 14 ( < 0.001; < 0.001). The colony-forming units/ml count of bacteria were significantly reduced postsurgery in the test group ( = 0.019). VEGF levels increased significantly 7-day postsurgery in the test group ( = 0.001). There was no statistically significant difference in the PI on the 7-day postsurgery between the two groups ( = 0.173).
CONCLUSION
The results of the study revealed that silver can be used as a potent periodontal dressing ingredient that can decrease the microbial colonization beneath the pack and promote faster healing postsurgery due to its antimicrobial activity.
PubMed: 34898916
DOI: 10.4103/jisp.jisp_17_21 -
Human & Experimental Toxicology Dec 2021Periodontal dressing is used to cover the gum surface and protect the wound after periodontal surgery. Nanomaterials have been widely applied in dentistry in recent...
BACKGROUND
Periodontal dressing is used to cover the gum surface and protect the wound after periodontal surgery. Nanomaterials have been widely applied in dentistry in recent years. Zinc oxide (ZnO) is one of the main components of periodontal dressing.
AIM
This study aims to explore the toxicity ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) causes to human gingival fibroblast cells (HGF-1) and its effect on cell proliferation.
METHODS
First, we identified and analyzed HGF-1, including cell morphology, growth curve, and immunohistochemistry staining. Then, we treated HGF-1 with ZnO NP. Cell viability, the integrity of the cell membrane, oxidative damage, and apoptosis were measured by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assay, fluorescent probe, and flow cytometry. Furthermore, the expression of murine double minute 2 (MDM2) and p53 was determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and Western blotting. We finally overexpressed MDM2 in HGF-1 to verify the relationship between MDM2 and cell proliferation.
RESULTS
Our research indicated ZnO NPs did not affect cell proliferation at low concentrations. However, high-concentration ZnO NP inhibited cell proliferation, destroyed the integrity of cell membranes, and induced oxidative stress and apoptosis. In addition, high concentration of ZnO NPs inhibited the proliferation of HGF-1 by regulating the expression of MDM2 and p53.
CONCLUSION
High concentration of ZnO NP caused toxicity to HGF-1 cells and inhibited cell proliferation by regulating MDM2 and p53 expression.
Topics: Cell Proliferation; Gingiva; Humans; Metal Nanoparticles; Zinc Oxide
PubMed: 34797187
DOI: 10.1177/09603271211058063 -
Journal of Materials Science. Materials... Aug 2021To analyze the hemostatic, Dsurgical wounds in donor and recipient areas of free gingival grafts (FGG). Five databases (PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, Cochrane and Web... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Comparative analysis of the hemostatic, analgesic and healing effects of cyanoacrylate on free gingival graft surgical wounds in donor and recipient areas: a systematic review.
UNLABELLED
To analyze the hemostatic, Dsurgical wounds in donor and recipient areas of free gingival grafts (FGG). Five databases (PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, Cochrane and Web of Science) were searched up to March 2021 (PROSPERO CRD42019134497). The focus of the study (cyanoacrylate) was combined with the condition (periodontal surgery OR free gingival graft OR free soft tissue graft OR autografts), and outcome (healing OR epithelialization OR pain OR analgesia OR bleeding OR hemostasis OR hemostatic). Studies reporting cyanoacrylate isolated or associated with another substance in FGG stabilization and closure were investigated and assessed for the quality and risk of bias through the Cochrane Manual. Six studies with 323 participants were included. Evaluation of the quality and risk of bias highlighted a low risk for four articles, intermediate for one and unclear for another. The use of cyanoacrylate associated or not with the hemostatic sponge or the platelet-rich fibrin was more effective in healing (three studies), analgesia (four studies), and hemostasis in one study (p < 0.05). However, groups with the association in cyanoacrylate showed superior healing, and analgesic action to the isolated cyanoacrylate group. In addition, two studies demonstrated that cyanoacrylate use reduces surgery duration, one study showed that it reduces postoperative sensibility, and another present hemostatic effect (p < 0.05). There is scarce literature for the use of cyanoacrylate in FGG wounds indicates that it can promote a minor inflammatory response, reduce operation time, does not interfere with healing, relieves postoperative discomfort, and suggests the possibility immediate hemostasis. Its use presents an alternative to suturing in FGG surgeries. But, the limited number of cases and the relative heterogeneity of the included studies suggest caution in generalizing the indication.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Cyanoacrylate seems to present analgesic effects and less pain when applied to wound closure and covering donor and recipient areas reducing the need for postoperative analgesic medication; and has a healing effect in the closure of the donor area on the palate. In addition, it can reduce bleeding time after surgery, and prevents late bleeding during the first postsurgical week. Scientific justification: To evaluate the hemostatic, analgesic and healing actions of cyanoacrylate compared to the suture thread and other agents when used to close surgical wounds from periodontal free gingival graft surgical wounds in both the donor and recipient areas of the graft.
MAIN FINDINGS
The use of cyanoacrylate individually or in association with wound dressing agents presents analgesic effects because the patient reports less pain experienced when cyanoacrylate is applied to the wound closure and covering, thereby reducing the need for postoperative analgesic medication. In addition, a healing effect is observed in the closure of the donor area on the palate; as well as it seems to present hemostatic effects, reducing the bleeding time after surgery, and preventing late bleeding during the first postsurgical week.
PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS
Dentists may cautiously apply cyanoacrylate after periodontal surgeries for free gingival graft in both the donor and recipient areas of the graft. However, they must consider the limitations of the surgery, tension-free positioning, the patient's dyscrasia and postoperative care, constituting a set of predictors for adequate clinical decision-making. Widespread use of such material for all patients and surgical configurations may not be recommended.
Topics: Analgesics; Bandages; Bias; Cyanoacrylates; Gingiva; Hemostasis; Hemostatics; Humans; Palate; Platelet-Rich Fibrin; Re-Epithelialization; Plastic Surgery Procedures; Risk; Surgical Wound; Wound Healing
PubMed: 34406492
DOI: 10.1007/s10856-021-06573-z -
BMJ Case Reports Aug 2021Avulsion injuries are usually seen in the anterior maxillary teeth as a result of trauma. Avulsion as an endodontic mishap is extremely rare. This report highlights an...
Avulsion injuries are usually seen in the anterior maxillary teeth as a result of trauma. Avulsion as an endodontic mishap is extremely rare. This report highlights an unusual instance of exarticulation of a recently traumatised maxillary central incisor tooth when the rubber dam was applied during a routine non-surgical endodontic procedure. The tooth was immediately repositioned and stabilised with wire composite splint. Endodontic treatment was initiated after rubber dam isolation with a modified technique. Calcium hydroxide was used as intracanal medicament dressing, and obturation was done after 2 weeks. The treatment was successful with uneventful periodontal healing at 24-month follow-up. The presence of well-demarcated periodontal ligament space and absence of any resorptive area on the radiograph could be defined as a successful outcome for the present case.
Topics: Humans; Incisor; Male; Rubber Dams; Tooth Avulsion; Young Adult
PubMed: 34404646
DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2021-241872 -
Journal of Nanobiotechnology Aug 2021During wound healing, the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) can break the cellular oxidant/antioxidant balance, which prolongs healing. The wound dressings...
BACKGROUND
During wound healing, the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) can break the cellular oxidant/antioxidant balance, which prolongs healing. The wound dressings targeting the mitigation of ROS will be of great advantages for the wound healing. puerarin (PUE) and ferulic acid (FA) are natural compounds derived from herbs that exhibit multiple pharmacological activities, such as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Polydopamine (PDA) is made from natural dopamine and shows excellent antioxidant function. Therefore, the combination of natural antioxidants into hydrogel dressing is a promising therapy for wound healing.
RESULTS
Hydrogel wound dressings have been developed by incorporating PUE or FA via PDA nanoparticles (NPs) into polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEG-DA) hydrogel. This hydrogel can load natural antioxidant drugs and retain the drug in the gel network for a long period due to the presence of PDA NPs. Under oxidative stress, this hydrogel can improve the activity of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase and reduce the levels of ROS and malondialdehyde, thus preventing oxidative damage to cells, and then promoting wound healing, tissue regeneration, and collagen accumulation.
CONCLUSION
Overall, this triple antioxidant hydrogel accelerates wound healing by alleviating oxidative injury. Our study thus provides a new way about co-delivery of multiple antioxidant natural molecules from herbs via antioxidant nanoparticles for wound healing and skin regeneration.
Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Bandages; Coumaric Acids; Drug Liberation; Humans; Hydrogels; Indoles; Isoflavones; Mice; Nanoparticles; Periodontal Ligament; Polyethylene Glycols; Polymers; Reactive Oxygen Species; Skin; Stem Cells; Wound Healing
PubMed: 34380475
DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-00973-7 -
Critical Reviews in Toxicology Apr 2021Chrysotile was formerly used in the manufacture of casting ring liner (CRL) and periodontal dressing powder (PDP). The purpose of this study was to describe the... (Review)
Review
Chrysotile was formerly used in the manufacture of casting ring liner (CRL) and periodontal dressing powder (PDP). The purpose of this study was to describe the potential for airborne asbestos exposure among dental professionals who may have used these products and to assess their risk of asbestos-related disease (ARD). Task-specific exposure data associated with CRL and PDP were identified and compared to regulatory standards for asbestos and health-based benchmarks. Personal airborne fiber concentrations ranged from 0.008-3.5 f/cc by PCM (duration: 3-420 minutes) for CRL (tearing, placement), and from <0.0044-<0.297 f/cc by PCM (duration: 5-28 minutes) for PDP (mixing). Eight-hour time-weighted average (TWA) exposures were calculated using the reported task-based airborne fiber concentrations and associated sampling durations. For CRL tasks, the upper-bound calculated 8-hour TWA of 0.022 f/cc (tearing, placement) did not exceed regulatory standards for asbestos (≥0.1 f/cc). All samples collected during the mixing of PDP resulted in non-measurable fiber concentrations. The greatest estimated cumulative asbestos exposure for dental professionals using CRL (tearing, placement) of 0.33 f/cc-years is well below "best estimate", published chrysotile no-observed-adverse-effect-levels (NOAEL) for ARD (lung cancer = 89-168 f/cc-years; pleural mesothelioma = 208-415 f/cc-years). As such, the use of asbestos-containing CRL and/or PDP is not expected to pose an increased risk of ARD among dental professionals. This conclusion is consistent with the lack of an increased risk of ARD reported in epidemiological studies of these occupations.
Topics: Air Pollutants, Occupational; Asbestos; Asbestos, Serpentine; Dentistry; Environmental Monitoring; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Mesothelioma; No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level; Occupational Exposure; Risk Assessment
PubMed: 34060417
DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2021.1910624 -
Brazilian Oral Research 2021The objective of this study was to evaluate the biocompatibility and mechanical properties of two commercially available and one experimental periodontal dressing...
The objective of this study was to evaluate the biocompatibility and mechanical properties of two commercially available and one experimental periodontal dressing materials. The cytotoxicity of Periobond ® , Barricaid ® and one experimental periodontal dressing based on Exothane ® 8 monomer was tested on 3T3/NIH mouse fibroblast. Genotoxicity was assessed by micronuclei formation, and cell alterations were analyzed using light microscopy. Both biological assays were performed using the eluate obtained from specimens after 24, 72, or 168 hours of incubation. Mechanical characterization was assessed through the ultimate tensile strength and the water sorption and solubility tests. The significance level of α = 0.05 was used for all statistical analyses. All the materials promoted a cell viability lower than 60% in all evaluated times. In general, the cell viability was significantly reduced after 72 and 168h of specimens' incubation. Considering the factor material, there were not statistical differences in the cell viability (p = 0.156). The genotoxicity was not statistically significant among the groups in the different periods of time (p > 0.05). Differences in the ultimate tensile strength values were not statistically significant different among the groups (p = 0.125). Periobond ® showed the higher water sorption values (p < 0.001). Regarding solubility, there were no statistical differences between the groups (p = 0.098). All the periodontal dressing materials evaluated in this study exerted a cytotoxic effect against mouse fibroblasts, and their toxicity became more evident over time. Among the materials evaluated, the experimental light-cure type has shown overall similar properties to the commercial references.
Topics: Animals; Bandages; Materials Testing; Mice; Periodontal Dressings; Solubility; Tensile Strength
PubMed: 33681878
DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2021.vol35.0045 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Dec 2020Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a natural polymer that has fascinating attributes, such as biocompatibility, low cost, and ease of processing, being considered a very... (Review)
Review
Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a natural polymer that has fascinating attributes, such as biocompatibility, low cost, and ease of processing, being considered a very interesting biomaterial due to its options for moldability and combination. Thus, BC-based compounds (for example, BC/collagen, BC/gelatin, BC/fibroin, BC/chitosan, etc.) have improved properties and/or functionality, allowing for various biomedical applications, such as artificial blood vessels and microvessels, artificial skin, and wounds dressing among others. Despite the wide applicability in biomedicine and tissue engineering, there is a lack of updated scientific reports on applications related to dentistry, since BC has great potential for this. It has been used mainly in the regeneration of periodontal tissue, surgical dressings, intraoral wounds, and also in the regeneration of pulp tissue. This review describes the properties and advantages of some BC studies focused on dental and oral applications, including the design of implants, scaffolds, and wound-dressing materials, as well as carriers for drug delivery in dentistry. Aligned to the current trends and biotechnology evolutions, BC-based nanocomposites offer a great field to be explored and other novel features can be expected in relation to oral and bone tissue repair in the near future.
Topics: Bacteria; Biocompatible Materials; Cellulose; Dentistry; Polysaccharides, Bacterial
PubMed: 33374301
DOI: 10.3390/molecules26010049