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Current Problems in Cancer Jun 2024This study aims to investigate the predictive value of the circulating blood cell count, including neutro-philto-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte (PLR),...
The predictive value of hematological inflammatory markers for severe oral mucositis in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma during intensity-modulated radiation therapy: A retrospective cohort study.
BACKGROUND
This study aims to investigate the predictive value of the circulating blood cell count, including neutro-philto-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte (PLR), and thesystemic inflammation index (SII) for the development of severe oral mucositis (SOM) induced by radiation in patients undergoing radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).
METHODS
In this retrospective study, 142 NPC patients were screened, and based on mucositis toxicity grade, they were categorized into two groups: SOM and nonSOM. Peripheral blood cell counts were conducted prior to Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT). Associations between blood cell count, NLR, PLR, SII, and SOM occurrence were examined.
RESULTS
Revealed elevated NLR and SII levels, along with reduced lymphocyte (LYM), eosinophil (EOS), and basophil (BAS) in patients with SOM. LYM, EOS, BAS, NLR, and SII were effective predictors of the severity of radiation-induced oral mucositis (RIOM) in NPC patients.
CONCLUSIONS
The occurrence of SOM was strongly linked to the hematological status at the start of Radiation Therapy (RT). Integrating BAS count and NLR into comprehensive risk prediction models could prove valuable for predicting SOM in NPC patients.
PubMed: 38945022
DOI: 10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2024.101117 -
Advances in Gerontology = Uspekhi... 2024In the treatment of coronavirus infections, it is important not only to understand the course of the disease, but also to understand what is happening in the human body,... (Review)
Review
In the treatment of coronavirus infections, it is important not only to understand the course of the disease, but also to understand what is happening in the human body, especially in the circulatory system, that is, which disorders lead to deterioration and further complications. Hemostasis disorder in COVID-19 plays an important role in the etiology and clinical manifestations of the disease. The ability to identify factors and risk groups for the development of thrombotic complications, the ability to dynamically interpret peripheral blood parameters and coagulograms, knowledge of diagnostic criteria for possible hemostasis disorders (for example, DIC syndrome, sepsis-associated coagulopathy, antiphospholipids, hemophagocytosis and hypercoagulation syndrome) are necessary to determine the indications for the test. Differentiated prescribing of clinically justified therapy (including anticoagulants and blood components) is important, which determines the complexity of treatment and prognosis for patients with COVID-19. This article is a review of the literature on the topic of hemostasis disorders in elderly and senile patients with mesenteric thrombosis in COVID 19 over the past few years.
Topics: Humans; COVID-19; Aged; Thrombosis; SARS-CoV-2; Blood Coagulation Disorders; Hemostasis; Anticoagulants
PubMed: 38944786
DOI: No ID Found -
Advances in Gerontology = Uspekhi... 2024The aim of the study was to investigate the peculiarities of morphometric parameters of peripheral blood lymphocytes in chronic pyelonephritis in elderly patients in...
The aim of the study was to investigate the peculiarities of morphometric parameters of peripheral blood lymphocytes in chronic pyelonephritis in elderly patients in comparison with young and middle-aged patients. A total of 81 patients with chronic pyelonephritis in the exacerbation phase were examined. All patients were divided into three age groups according to WHO recommendations: the 1st - 42patients of young age (18-44 years); the 2nd - 17 patients of middle age (45-59 years); the 3rd - 22 elderly patients (60-74 years). Computer morphometry of lymphocytes was performed in all examined patients. In elderly patients with chronic pyelonephritis the size and сytoplasmic-nuclear ratio of lymphocytes increase. This indicates the preservation of lymphocyte defense responses at this age. In male patients with chronic pyelonephritis in the 1st and 2nd age groups the size of lymphocytes increases, and in female patients - decreases. The сytoplasmic-nuclear ratio increases in males of these age groups, while it remains unchanged or decreases in females. Indirect indications of reduced immunity in young and middle-aged women with chronic inflammation in the kidneys have been obtained.
Topics: Humans; Pyelonephritis; Middle Aged; Female; Male; Lymphocytes; Aged; Adult; Chronic Disease; Age Factors
PubMed: 38944771
DOI: No ID Found -
Biochemical Pharmacology Jun 2024The approval of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has revolutionized the management of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC), introducing several ICI-based...
The approval of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has revolutionized the management of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC), introducing several ICI-based combinations as the new standard of care for affected patients. Nonetheless, monotherapy with antiangiogenic tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), such as pazopanib or sunitinib, still represents a first-line treatment option for selected patients belonging to the favorable risk group according to the International mRCC Database Consortium (IMDC) model. After TKI monotherapy, the main second-line option is represented by ICI monotherapy with the anti-Programmed Death Receptor 1(PD-1) nivolumab To date, the expected clinical outcomes are similar with pazopanib or sunitinib and there is no clear indication for selecting one TKI over the other. Moreover, their impact on subsequent ICI treatment outcomes is not well defined, yet. Based on these premises, we investigated the immunomodulatory activity of these drugs in vitro and in vivo.Both TKIs induced Programmed Cell Death Ligand-1 (PD-L1) expression and soluble PD-L1 release in RCC cells, and hampered T cell activation, reducing cytokine production and the proportion of activated T cells. Nevertheless, in a syngeneic co-culture system with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and tumor cells, incubation with anti-PD-1 antibody following TKIs treatment significantly restored T cell function, potentiating the cytotoxic effects against tumor cells. Pazopanib and sunitinib followed by anti-PD-1 antibody produced a comparable inhibition of tumor growth in a RCC syngeneic mouse model. Our findings suggest that pazopanib and sunitinib, showing similar immunomodulatory effects, may have a comparable impact on the subsequent effectiveness of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade.
PubMed: 38944394
DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116397 -
Clinical Immunology (Orlando, Fla.) Jun 2024Septic cardiomyopathy (SCM) is characterized by an abnormal inflammatory response and increased mortality. The role of efferocytosis in SCM is not well understood. We...
Integrated multi-omics analysis and machine learning developed diagnostic markers and prognostic model based on Efferocytosis-associated signatures for septic cardiomyopathy.
Septic cardiomyopathy (SCM) is characterized by an abnormal inflammatory response and increased mortality. The role of efferocytosis in SCM is not well understood. We used integrated multi-omics analysis to explore the clinical and genetic roles of efferocytosis in SCM. We identified six module genes (ATP11C, CD36, CEBPB, MAPK3, MAPKAPK2, PECAM1) strongly associated with SCM, leading to an accurate predictive model. Subgroups defined by EFFscore exhibited distinct clinical features and immune infiltration levels. Survival analysis showed that the C1 subtype with a lower EFFscore had better survival outcomes. scRNA-seq analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from sepsis patients identified four genes (CEBPB, CD36, PECAM1, MAPKAPK2) associated with high EFFscores, highlighting their role in SCM. Molecular docking confirmed interactions between diagnostic genes and tamibarotene. Experimental validation supported our computational results. In conclusion, our study identifies a novel efferocytosis-related SCM subtype and diagnostic biomarkers, offering new insights for clinical diagnosis and therapy.
PubMed: 38944364
DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2024.110301 -
Journal of Affective Disorders Jun 2024Immune-inflammatory mediators influence numerous immune and inflammatory pathways, elevating the likelihood of depression. The systemic immune-inflammation index (SII)...
BACKGROUND
Immune-inflammatory mediators influence numerous immune and inflammatory pathways, elevating the likelihood of depression. The systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) emerges as an innovative prognostic indicator, integrating various peripheral blood immune cell subpopulations, specifically neutrophils, platelets, and lymphocytes. This exploratory study aims to examine the correlation between SII and depression.
METHODS
Data from the 2005-2020 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were utilized. Depression was diagnosed with a Patient Health Questionnaire score of 10 or higher. The relationship between log2-SII and depression incidence was analyzed using a restricted cubic spline (RCS). Logistic regression was employed to calculate the odds ratio of depression concerning log2-SII. In cases of non-linearity, piecewise linear models with change points were applied to assess the associations in both the overall population and specific subgroups. Additionally, subgroup analyses were conducted to determine the applicability of the findings to particular populations.
RESULTS
A total of 42,133 participants were included in the study, comprising 49.32 % men and 50.68 % women, with an average age of 47.02 ± 17.45 years. RCS analysis demonstrated a J-shaped non-linear relationship between log2-SII and depression incidence. When log2-SII was ≥8.50, SII showed a positive association with depression incidence, even after adjusting for covariates. Additionally, each unit increase in log2-SII corresponded to an 18 % rise in depression incidence (OR = 1.18, 95 % CI: 1.10-1.27). Subgroup analysis further revealed that the association between SII and depression incidence varied across different populations.
LIMITATIONS
Due to the cross-sectional nature of NHANES, causality or long-term implications cannot be inferred. Further research is needed to ascertain if a longitudinal relationship exists between SII and depression.
CONCLUSION
Our findings suggest a significant and complex non-linear association between SII and depression. However, further basic and prospective studies are necessary to explore SII's impact on depression and clarify its underlying mechanisms. Additionally, these studies will provide a foundation for personalized interventions targeting the immune-inflammatory processes in patients with depression and elevated SII.
PubMed: 38944294
DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.06.103 -
The Journal of Allergy and Clinical... Jun 2024Recent evidence suggests that insulin resistance affects asthma outcomes; however, the effect of the homeostatic measure of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) on airway...
BACKGROUND AND AIMS
Recent evidence suggests that insulin resistance affects asthma outcomes; however, the effect of the homeostatic measure of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) on airway inflammation and asthma exacerbations (AEs) is poorly understood.
OBJECTIVES
To analyze the relationship between HOMA-IR and clinical and inflammatory characteristics in patients with asthma, and the association between HOMA-IR and asthma exacerbations (AEs) in the following year.
METHODS
A prospective cohort study recruited participants with asthma, who were classified into the HOMA-IR group and HOMA-IR group based on the cutoff value of 3.80 for HOMA-IR and were observed within 12 months. We evaluated the clinical and inflammatory features, and a 1-year follow-up was conducted to study the exacerbations. A negative binomial regression model was used to analyze the association between HOMA-IR and AEs.
RESULTS
Compared with the patients in the HOMA-IR group (n = 564), patients in the HOMA-IR group (n = 61) had higher levels of BMI, higher waist circumference and waist/hip ratio, higher triglycerides, lower cholesterol high-density lipoproteins (HDL), more neutrophils in the peripheral blood, and elevated IL-5 levels in the induced sputum. Furthermore, patients in the HOMA-IR group had a significantly increased risk for moderate-to-severe AEs (adjusted incidence rate ratio (aIRR) = 2.26, 95% confidence interval (CI) = [1.38, 3.70]), severe AEs (aIRR = 2.42, 95% CI = [1.26, 4.67]), hospitalization(aIRR = 2.54, 95% CI = [1.20, 5.38]), and emergency visits (aIRR = 3.04, 95% CI = [1.80, 8.53]).
CONCLUSION
HOMA-IR was associated with asthma-related clinical features, and airway inflammation, as well as being an independent risk factor for future AEs. Therefore, insulin resistance may have important implications for managing asthma as a potential treatable trait.
PubMed: 38944198
DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2024.06.034 -
International Immunopharmacology Jun 2024The effect of preoperative natural killer (NK) cell abnormalities on postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) after thoracoscopic radical resection of lung cancer is...
BACKGROUND
The effect of preoperative natural killer (NK) cell abnormalities on postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) after thoracoscopic radical resection of lung cancer is still unclear. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the preoperative NK cell ratio and PPCs.
METHODS
The patients who underwent thoracoscopic radical resection for lung cancer were divided into a normal group and an abnormal group according to whether the proportion of preoperative NK cells was within the reference range. The main outcome was the incidence of PPCs during postoperative hospitalization. The demographic and perioperative data were collected. Propensity score matching was used to exclude systematic bias. Univariate logistic regression was used to test the relationship between the preoperative NK cell ratio and the incidence of PPCs. The restrictive cubic spline curve was used to analyze the dose-effect relationship between the preoperative NK cell ratio and the incidence of PPCs.
RESULTS
A total of 4161 patients were included. After establishing a matching cohort, 910 patients were included in the statistical analysis. The incidence of PPCs in the abnormal group was greater than that in the normal group (55.2% vs. 31.6%). The incidence of PPCs first decreased and then increased with increasing NK cell ratio. The proportion of patients with Grade 3 or higher PPCs in the normal group was lower than that in the abnormal group [108 (23.7%) vs. 223 (49%)]. The indwelling time of the thoracic drainage tube in the abnormal group was longer than that in the normal group [3 (3, 4) vs. 3 (3, 5)]. A preoperative abnormal NK cell ratio constituted a risk factor for PPCs in each subgroup.
CONCLUSION
Lung cancer patients with an abnormal proportion of peripheral blood NK cells before surgery were more likely to develop PPCs, their disease degree was more severe, and they had a prolonged duration of chest tube indwelling. Compared with those with abnormally high NK cell ratios, those with abnormally low NK cell ratios had more pronounced PPCs.
PubMed: 38943978
DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112564 -
International Immunopharmacology Jun 2024As the resident immune cells in the central nervous system, microglia exhibit a 'sensitized' or 'primed' phenotype with dystrophic morphology and dysregulated functions...
As the resident immune cells in the central nervous system, microglia exhibit a 'sensitized' or 'primed' phenotype with dystrophic morphology and dysregulated functions in aged brains. Although studies have demonstrated the inflammatory profile of aged microglia in several neurological diseases, this issue is largely uncertain in stroke. Consequently, this study investigated the effects of primed and repopulated microglia on post-ischemic brain injury in aged mice. We replaced primed microglia with newly repopulated microglia through pharmacological administration and withdrawal of the colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) inhibitor, PLX3397. Further, we performed a series of behavioral tests and flow cytometry in mouse models of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) to study the effects of microglial replacement on ischemic injury in the aged brain. With depletion and subsequent repopulation of microglia in MCAO mice, microglial replacement in aged mice improved neurological function and decreased brain infarction. This protective effect was accompanied by the reduction of peripheral immune cells infiltrating into brains. We showed that the repopulated microglia expressed elevated neuroprotective factors (including Cluster of Differentiation 206, transforming growth factor-β, and interleukin-10) and diminished expression of inflammatory markers (including Cluster of Differentiation 86, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor α). Moreover, microglial replacement protected the blood-brain barrier and relieved neuronal death in aged mice subjected to 60 min of MCAO. These results imply that the replacement of microglia in the aged brain may alleviate brain damage and neuroinflammation, and therefore, ischemic brain damage. Thus, targeting microglia could be a promising therapeutic strategy for ischemic stroke.
PubMed: 38943977
DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112473 -
Bratislavske Lekarske Listy 2024True aneurysm of the radial artery is very rare. Aneurysmal expansion of arteries due to degenerative changes, possibly infections, primarily affects the abdominal and...
True aneurysm of the radial artery is very rare. Aneurysmal expansion of arteries due to degenerative changes, possibly infections, primarily affects the abdominal and thoracic aorta, intra and extracranial sections of cerebral arteries, popliteal artery, and visceral arteries. Published literature does not address the aneurysm on the distal sections of the arteries of upper or lower limb. Unlike the classic symptoms of aneurysmally altered arteries such as rupture, thrombosis and embolization, we encounter more often vascular compression syndrome in distal peripheral aneurysms. We demonstrate the case management of a patient with over 20 years increasing wrist resistance. A fusiform aneurysm of the distal section of the radial artery was identified by sonography. Under general anesthesia, we performed aneurysm resection and artery reconstruction using an interpositum from the ipsilateral cephalic vein. The histological examination of the resected tissue confirmed the presence of all three layers of the vascular wall, confirming the true aneurysm of the radial artery. No complications developed in the patient in the postoperative period and all problems related to the aneurysm subsided (Fig. 4, Ref. 23). Keywords: aneurysm, arteria radialis, surgical reconstruction.
Topics: Humans; Aneurysm; Radial Artery; Male; Syndrome; Middle Aged; Upper Extremity; Female
PubMed: 38943502
DOI: 10.4149/BLL_2024_64