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The Canadian Journal of Infectious... 2022Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an inherited recessive disorder characterized by recurrent and persistent pulmonary infections, resulting in lung function deterioration and...
BACKGROUND
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an inherited recessive disorder characterized by recurrent and persistent pulmonary infections, resulting in lung function deterioration and early mortality.
METHODS
A cross-sectional study was conducted on the bacterial profile and antibiotic resistance pattern of 103 respiratory specimens from CF patients with signs of pulmonary exacerbation. Antibiotic susceptibility testing and biofilm formation of and isolates were performed by the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method and microtiter plate assay, respectively. Molecular typing of and isolates was carried out by spa typing and repetitive extragenic palindromic element PCR.
RESULTS
In a total of 129 isolates, the most prevalent organisms were (55.3%) and (41.7%). Other less prevalent bacterial isolates include coagulase-negative staphylococci, , , , and . The highest rate of resistance for was observed to azithromycin and erythromycin (80%), ciprofloxacin (52.3%), clindamycin (44.6%) and tetracycline (43%). Twenty percent of isolates were methicillin-resistant (MRSA) and 47.6% were MDR . For isolates the highest resistance was to cefepime (38.3%) and levofloxacin (33.3%) and 20% showed MDR phenotype.
CONCLUSION
Our study demonstrated a significant decline in the prevalence of infections in comparison to previous studies. We found to be more prevalent in younger patients, whereas mucoid showed a shift in prevalence toward older ages. Molecular typing methods showed great diversity between isolates.
PubMed: 36593975
DOI: 10.1155/2022/5831139 -
Open Veterinary Journal 2022The urachus is an embryonic remnant occurring as a result of the involution of the allantoic duct and the ventral cloaca. This canal becomes progressively obliterated...
BACKGROUND
The urachus is an embryonic remnant occurring as a result of the involution of the allantoic duct and the ventral cloaca. This canal becomes progressively obliterated after birth. It uncommonly persists to different degrees after birth.
CASE DESCRIPTION
A young bull was presented with distended abdomen and clinical signs of chocking, with low-grade fever, loss of appetite, frothy mouth arched back. On the first inspection, the animal was suspected to have simple indigestion. The treatment was attempted in this stage by introducing a stomach tube but only little relief was achieved. Therefore, 5 days later, an exploratory laparotomy was done and a big balloon-like cyst structure extended ventro-latrally in the abdominal cavity was noticed. That structure was located on the floor of the abdominal cavity extending from the pelvic rim caudally to the umbilical region cranially. The structure was then incised and evacuated and a rubber tube was fixed for constant drainage for up to one month later. The bull was followed-up and made a good recovery after a month post-surgery.
CONCLUSION
We found that urachal abscess could be treated simply via surgical evacuation of the abscess and proper drainage for some time with a very promising outcome. Additionally, this affection can be diagnosed based on history, clinical signs, and exploratory surgery, when relatively modern diagnostic techniques are not available.
Topics: Male; Animals; Cattle; Abscess; Urachal Cyst; Conservative Treatment; Urachus; Diagnosis, Differential; Cattle Diseases
PubMed: 36589410
DOI: 10.5455/OVJ.2022.v12.i5.6 -
American Journal of Medical Genetics.... Mar 2023Urorectal septum malformation sequence (URSMS) is characterized by a spectrum of anomalies of the urogenital system, hindgut and perineum. It is presumed to be a... (Review)
Review
Urorectal septum malformation sequence (URSMS) is characterized by a spectrum of anomalies of the urogenital system, hindgut and perineum. It is presumed to be a constellation of an embryonic defect. Herein, we analyzed the clinically diverse syndromes associated with URSMS in our perinatal evaluation unit. We reviewed fetuses with URSMS in referrals for perinatal autopsy over a period of 3 years. Chromosomal microarray and genome sequencing were performed whenever feasible. Literature was reviewed for syndromes or malformations with URSMS. We ascertained URSMS in 12 of the 215 (5%) fetuses. Nine fetuses (75%) had complete URSMS and remainder had partial/intermediate URSMS. Eleven fetuses had malformations of other systems that included: cerebral ventriculomegaly; right aortic arch with double outlet right ventricle; microcephaly with fetal akinesia deformation sequence; ventricular septal defect and radial ray anomaly; thoraco-abdominoschisis and limb defects; myelomeningocele; spina bifida and fused iliac bones; omphalocele; occipital encephalocele; lower limb amelia and cleft foot. We report on six fetuses with recurrent and five fetuses with unique malformations/patterns where URSMS is a component. Exome sequencing (one family) and genome sequencing (eight families) were performed and were nondiagnostic. Additionally, we review the literature for genetic basis of this condition. URMS is a clinically heterogeneous condition and is a component of several multiple malformation syndromes. We describe several unique and recurrent malformations associated with URSMS.
Topics: Pregnancy; Female; Humans; Syndrome; Urogenital Abnormalities; Anus, Imperforate; Abnormalities, Multiple; Fetus
PubMed: 36478354
DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.63067 -
International Journal of Antimicrobial... Jan 2023Five Enterobacter cloacae isolates were subjected to 10-day serial passage in broth microdilution with cefepime, meropenem, or ceftazidime-avibactam to evaluate...
Five Enterobacter cloacae isolates were subjected to 10-day serial passage in broth microdilution with cefepime, meropenem, or ceftazidime-avibactam to evaluate increases in minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and resistance mechanisms after exposure. Post-exposure isolates displaying >2-fold changes from the parent isolate were analysed alongside the parent isolate. Increases in MIC were 4- to 256-fold (median: 16-fold) after cefepime exposure, 16- to 128-fold (64-fold) after meropenem, and 2- to 32-fold (8-fold) after ceftazidime-avibactam. Post-exposure isolates had diverse mechanisms, identified using a combination of short and long whole-genome sequencing. All agents selected for AmpC alterations in one isolate set. OmpC and TetA/AcrR regulator alterations were noted in meropenem and ceftazidime-avibactam post-exposure isolates of the same set. Other mutations in AmpC were noted when isolates were exposed to cefepime or ceftazidime-avibactam. A premature stop codon in the cell division inhibitor protein, MioC was observed when one parent isolate was exposed to any of the agents, indicating a cell persistence mechanism. Mutations in less common transporter systems and protein synthesis components were also noted. All agents showed cross-resistance to other β-lactams and resistance mechanisms were diverse, with some not usually associated with β-lactam resistance in Enterobacterales. This initial evaluation indicates that cefepime and meropenem select for isolates with higher MIC values compared to ceftazidime-avibactam. Further studies evaluating these findings should be performed for other species for which the primary β-lactam resistance mechanism is not gene acquisition. These studies should evaluate these observations in vivo to assess their translation into patient treatment policies.
Topics: Humans; Cefepime; Meropenem; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Enterobacter cloacae; beta-Lactamases; Ceftazidime; Azabicyclo Compounds; Drug Combinations; Microbial Sensitivity Tests
PubMed: 36464152
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2022.106698 -
Chemosphere Feb 2023Primary sludge (PS) is associated with public health and environmental risks, so regulations focus on reducing the pathogenic and heavy metal contents of the treated...
Removal of bacterial pathogens and antibiotic resistance bacteria by anaerobic sludge digestion with thermal hydrolysis pre-treatment and alkaline stabilization post-treatment.
Primary sludge (PS) is associated with public health and environmental risks, so regulations focus on reducing the pathogenic and heavy metal contents of the treated material (biosolids), intended for soil amendments and land reclamation. The regulations set limits for Escherichia coli (or fecal coliforms), Salmonella spp., helminth eggs and enterovirus. However, the potential risk due to antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) and other human potential pathogenic bacteria (HPB) are not considered. In this work, three sludge treatment processes, having in common an anaerobic digestion step, were applied to assess the removal of regulated bacteria (fecal coliforms, Salmonella spp), ARB and HPB. The treatment arrangements, fed with PS from a full-scale wastewater treatment plant were: 1) Mesophilic anaerobic digestion followed by alkaline stabilization post-treatment (MAD-CaO); 2) Thermophilic anaerobic digestion (TAD) and, 3) Pre-treatment (mild thermo-hydrolysis) followed by TAD (PT-TAD). The results address the identification, quantification (colony forming units) and taxonomic characterization of ARB resistant to β-lactams and vancomycin, as well as the taxonomic characterization of HPB by sequencing with PacBio. In addition, quantification based on culture media of fecal coliforms and Salmonella spp. is presented. The capabilities and limitations of microbiological and metataxonomomic analyses based on PacBio sequencing are discussed, emphasizing that they complement each other. Genus Aeromonas, Acinetobacter, Citrobacter, Enterobacter, Escherichia, Klebsiella, Ochrobactrum, Pseudomonas and Raoultella, among others, were found in the PS, which are of clinical or environmental importance, being either HPB, HPB-ARB, or non-pathogenic ARB with the potentiality of horizontal gene transfer. Based on the analysis of fecal coliforms and Salmonella spp., the three processes produced class A (highest) biosolids, suitable for unrestricted agriculture applications. Mild thermo-hydrolisis was effective in decreasing ARB cultivability, but it reappeared after the following TAD. O. intermedium (HPB-ARB) was enriched in MAD and TAD while Laribacter hongkongensis (HPB) did persist after the applied treatments.
Topics: Humans; Sewage; Anaerobiosis; Hydrolysis; Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; Biosolids; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Bacteria; Salmonella; Escherichia coli; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Digestion; Bacteria, Anaerobic
PubMed: 36436581
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137383 -
Cureus Oct 2022Bladder exstrophy (BE) is a rare congenital anomaly caused by an embryological defect in the closure of the abdominal wall. It comprises a spectrum of defects about...
Bladder exstrophy (BE) is a rare congenital anomaly caused by an embryological defect in the closure of the abdominal wall. It comprises a spectrum of defects about severity, including epispadias in the mildest form and cloacal exstrophy in the worst. Surgical correction is required to achieve urinary continence, maintain normal renal function, achieve secured abdominal wall closure, and create cosmetically and functionally satisfactory genitalia. Iliac bone osteotomy is considered essential to achieve the above goals in most patients by reducing the tension of the closed abdominal wall layers, particularly when present late in infancy. Several types of pelvic iliac bone osteotomy have been described to aid bladder and cloacal exstrophy closure. They can be grouped into posterior iliac osteotomy, anterior iliac osteotomy, oblique (also called diagonal) iliac osteotomy, and a combination of posterior and anterior iliac osteotomy. We described here the Y-pelvic osteotomy, which was developed by the Manchester Orthopaedic Group in the United Kingdom. It has the advantage of anterior and posterior osteotomies but also has less risk to the neurovascular structures, less blood loss, and ease of surgical technique. The osteotomy was named the Y-pelvic osteotomy due to the morphological shape it resembles.
PubMed: 36415431
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.30520 -
Extent and Resistance Patterns of ESKAPE Pathogens Isolated in Pus Swabs from Hospitalized Patients.The Canadian Journal of Infectious... 2022Antimicrobial resistance has persisted as a global threat with increasing associated numbers of morbidity and mortality. ESKAPE ( and spp.) were termed by the...
Antimicrobial resistance has persisted as a global threat with increasing associated numbers of morbidity and mortality. ESKAPE ( and spp.) were termed by the Infectious Diseases Society of America as a group of bacteria with rapid antibiotic resistance development. The aim of the study was to describe the extent and resistance patterns of ESKAPE pathogens isolated in pus swabs from patients admitted at Muhimbili National Hospital, Tanzania. A retrospective cross-sectional study was performed in August 2019. A total of 75 admitted patients with open wounds and surgical site infections were recruited. Files were analyzed to collect microbiology laboratory data and relevant patient data. A total of 76 clinically significant bacteria were isolated of which 52 bacteria were categorized as ESKAPE pathogens. The most common bacteria isolated were 25% ( = 19/76) and 17.1% A high level of antibiotic resistance was shown in all ESKAPE and non-ESKAPE pathogens. The Gram-negative bacteria of ESKAPE pathogens were further analyzed comparing 3 generation cephalosporin and carbapenems resistance patterns. showed the highest resistance towards 3 generation cephalosporin and carbapenems. In addition, showed high resistance to 3 generation cephalosporins with 89.5% resistance, with showing high resistance to carbapenems with 50.0% resistance. The burden of ESKAPE pathogens is high in pus swabs obtained from admitted patients at Muhimbili National Hospital. The results showed high antibiotic resistance within ESKAPE and non-ESKAPE pathogens including the "last resort" antibiotics: 3 generation cephalosporin and carbapenems.
PubMed: 36353409
DOI: 10.1155/2022/3511306 -
Environmental Technology Mar 2024Nonylphenol ethoxylate (NPE) is an endocrine-disrupting chemical that has bioaccumulative, persistent and toxic characteristics in different environmental matrices and...
Nonylphenol ethoxylate (NPE) is an endocrine-disrupting chemical that has bioaccumulative, persistent and toxic characteristics in different environmental matrices and is difficult to remove in sewage treatment plants. In this study, the effects of the initial concentration of NPE (0.2 ± 0.03 - 3.0 ± 0.02 mg. L) and ethanol (73.9 ± 5.0-218.6 ± 10.6 mg. L) were investigated using factorial design. Assays were carried out in anaerobic batch reactors, using the Zinder basal medium, yeast extract (200 mg. L), vitamin solution and sodium bicarbonate (10% v/v). The optimal conditions were 218.56 mg.L of ethanol and 1596.51 µg.L of NPE, with 92% and 88% of NPE and organic matter removal, respectively, and methane yield (1689.8 ± 59.6 mmol) after 450 h of operation. In this condition, bacteria potentially involved in the degradation of this surfactant were identified in greater relative abundance, such as (1.68%), (1.52%), (0.91%), (0.57%) and (0.47%), as well as archaea and , mainly involved in hydrogenotrophic pathway.
Topics: Surface-Active Agents; Sewage; Anaerobiosis; Bacteria; Microbiota; Ethanol; Methane; Bioreactors; Ethylene Glycols
PubMed: 36352347
DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2022.2143287 -
Plants (Basel, Switzerland) Oct 2022Tagatose is a rare sugar that suppresses plant diseases, such as late blight of tomato, caused by . Tagatose can be metabolized by some microorganisms and no information...
Tagatose is a rare sugar that suppresses plant diseases, such as late blight of tomato, caused by . Tagatose can be metabolized by some microorganisms and no information is available on its persistence on tomato leaves. The aim of this study was to assess the persistence of tagatose on tomato leaves under commercial greenhouse conditions. The amount of tagatose on tomato leaves and the inhibitory activity against decreased seven days after spray application in the absence of rain wash-off. Potential tagatose-degrading bacteria were isolated from tomato leaves, and they belonged to sp., sp., sp., sp., sp., sp., sp., sp., sp., sp., sp., sp., and sp. Thus, indigenous phyllosphere microorganisms could partially metabolize tagatose laid on plant leaves after spray application, reducing the persistence of this fungal inhibitor on tomato leaves.
PubMed: 36297805
DOI: 10.3390/plants11202781 -
Pediatric Surgery International Nov 2022Fetuses with persistent cloaca are known to develop urine or meconium backflow into the abdominal cavity caused by obstruction of the common channel, thus leading to...
PURPOSE
Fetuses with persistent cloaca are known to develop urine or meconium backflow into the abdominal cavity caused by obstruction of the common channel, thus leading to fetal peritonitis with fetal ascites. We analyzed the impact of prenatal fetal ascites on postnatal clinical features and management.
METHODS
This retrospective single-center cohort study was conducted to compare the perinatal parameters of patients with isolated persistent cloaca who were born and treated at our hospital between 1991 and 2021. The clinical features and management of those with and without fetal ascites were compared.
RESULTS
Among the 17 eligible patients, fetal ascites were recognized in seven. The occurrence of fetal ascites was significantly related to preterm birth, higher birth weight z-score, birth via emergency cesarean delivery, low Apgar scores at 1 min and 5 min, higher C-reactive protein levels at birth, longer duration of oxygen administration, the need for a urinary drainage catheter at initial discharge, and shorter neonatal hospital stays.
CONCLUSIONS
The postnatal management of patients with persistent cloaca with fetal ascites differed significantly from that of patients without fetal ascites. For patients with unexplained fetal ascites, magnetic resonance imaging may be helpful for determining the definite diagnosis of persistent cloaca.
Topics: Animals; Ascites; C-Reactive Protein; Cloaca; Cohort Studies; Digestive System Abnormalities; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Intestinal Diseases; Oxygen; Pregnancy; Premature Birth; Retrospective Studies; Ultrasonography, Prenatal
PubMed: 36053329
DOI: 10.1007/s00383-022-05204-0