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Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in... Jun 2024Polyradical cages are of great interest because they show very fascinating physical and chemical properties, but many challenges remain, especially for their synthesis...
Polyradical cages are of great interest because they show very fascinating physical and chemical properties, but many challenges remain, especially for their synthesis and characterization. Herein, we present the synthesis of a polyradical cation cage 14•+ through post-synthetic oxidation of a redox-active phenothiazine-based Pd2L4-type coordination cage 1. It's worth noting that 1 exhibits excellent reversible electrochemical and chemical redox activity due to the introduction of a bulky 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-methoxyphenyl substituent. The generation of 14•+ through reversible electrochemical oxidation is investigated by in situ UV-vis-NIR and EPR spectroelectrochemistry. Meanwhile, chemical oxidation of 1 can also produce 14•+ which can be reversibly reduced back to the original cage 1, and the process is monitored by EPR and NMR spectroscopies. Eventually, we succeed in the isolation and single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis of 14•+, whose electronic structure and conformation are distinct to original 1. The magnetic susceptibility measurements indicate the predominantly antiferromagnetic interactions between the four phenothiazine radical cations in 14•+. We believe that our study including the facile synthesis methodology and in situ spectroelectrochemistry will shed some light on the synthesis and characterization of novel polyradical systems, opening more perspectives for developing functional supramolecular cages.
PubMed: 38872356
DOI: 10.1002/anie.202407279 -
Cell Death & Disease Jun 2024The repurposing of medications developed for central nervous system (CNS) disorders, possessing favorable safety profiles and blood-brain barrier permeability,...
The repurposing of medications developed for central nervous system (CNS) disorders, possessing favorable safety profiles and blood-brain barrier permeability, represents a promising strategy for identifying new therapies to combat glioblastoma (GBM). In this study, we investigated the anti-GBM activity of specific antipsychotics and antidepressants in vitro and in vivo. Our results demonstrate that these compounds share a common mechanism of action in GBM, disrupting lysosomal function and subsequently inducing lysosomal membrane rupture and cell death. Notably, PTEN intact GBMs possess an increased sensitivity to these compounds. The inhibition of lysosomal function synergized with inhibitors targeting the EGFR-PI3K-Akt pathway, leading to an energetic and antioxidant collapse. These findings provide a foundation for the potential clinical application of CNS drugs in GBM treatment. Additionally, this work offers critical insights into the mechanisms and determinants of cytotoxicity for drugs currently undergoing clinical trials as repurposing agents for various cancers, including Fluoxetine, Sertraline, Thioridazine, Chlorpromazine, and Fluphenazine.
Topics: Humans; Glioblastoma; PTEN Phosphohydrolase; Lysosomes; Signal Transduction; Antipsychotic Agents; Animals; Cell Line, Tumor; Mice; Brain Neoplasms; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; Mice, Nude; Drug Repositioning; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; ErbB Receptors; Chlorpromazine
PubMed: 38871731
DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06779-3 -
Spectrochimica Acta. Part A, Molecular... Jun 2024Scientific studies have demonstrated that conjugates of anticancer drugs with metal nanoparticles (MeNPs) lead to a more effective deactivation of tumor cells compared...
Scientific studies have demonstrated that conjugates of anticancer drugs with metal nanoparticles (MeNPs) lead to a more effective deactivation of tumor cells compared to free drugs. Similarly, it has been established that conjugates of antibiotics with MeNPs exhibit higher biocidal activity against bacteria than their unbound counterparts. However, limited information is available regarding conjugates formed from drugs other than anticancer and antibiotics. Therefore, our research aims to develop synthesis methods for conjugates of chlorpromazine (CPZ), a neuroleptic, with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). CPZ-AuNP conjugates were prepared through a ligand exchange reaction conducted on the surface of quasi-spherical, negatively charged citrate-stabilized TC-AuNPs with an average size of 55 ± 5 nm. UV-vis spectroscopy was employed to determine the stability range of the conjugates under controlled conditions of pH and ionic strength. Based on electrokinetic measurements, it was observed that the zeta potential of CPZ-AuNP conjugates strongly depends on the amount of CPZ adsorbed on the TC-AuNP surface. Additionally, the conjugates exhibited an isoelectric point at pH 8.8. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) and surface-enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy (SEIRA) were employed to elucidate the adsorption structure of CPZ on TC-AuNPs. The interpretation of the spectra was conducted based on the Raman and FTIR spectra of CPZ, along with calculations performed using Density Functional Theory (DFT). The results indicated that CPZ primarily interacts with the TC-AuNP surface through the angularly oriented phenothiazine ring and the propylene bridge. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that the C-N-C fragment is perpendicular to the surface of the TC-AuNP with which it interacts. The findings from this analysis suggest the potential for further research on the use of these conjugates in biomedical applications.
PubMed: 38870699
DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124588 -
Nanoscale Advances Jun 2024We present the design and synthesis of two new organic polymer films making use of a liquid-liquid interfacial amine-acid chloride polymerization strategy. One of them...
We present the design and synthesis of two new organic polymer films making use of a liquid-liquid interfacial amine-acid chloride polymerization strategy. One of them was additionally functionalized by the anchoring of -phenyl-phenothiazine through a monomer truncation strategy, which endowed it with photocatalytic activity. This photoactive film displays interesting luminescence phenomena that were used for the oxidation of a variety of sulphides to their corresponding sulfoxides and reduction of aryl bromines.
PubMed: 38868836
DOI: 10.1039/d4na00149d -
International Journal of Colorectal... Jun 2024Discussions about the optimal lymph node (LN) count and its therapeutic consequences have persisted over time. The final LN count in colorectal tissues is affected by a...
INTRODUCTION
Discussions about the optimal lymph node (LN) count and its therapeutic consequences have persisted over time. The final LN count in colorectal tissues is affected by a variety of variables (patient, tumor, operation, pathologist, immune response). Methylene blue (MB) intra-arterial injection is a simple and inexpensive procedure that can be used to enhance lymph node count.
AIM
Analyze whether there is a statistically significant difference between intra-arterial methylene blue injection and conventional dissection for the quantification of lymph nodes and determine if there is a variation in the quality of lymph node acquisition.
METHODS AND RESULTS
Between 2015 and 2022, we conducted a retrospective analysis of colon cancer specimens. Data on the tumor's features, the number of lymph nodes, the number of lymph nodes that were positive, and other factors had been collected. The number of identified lymph nodes was highly significantly improved in the study group (P < 0.05). There is not a significant statistical difference between groups regarding the metastatic lymph node harvest. The group with injection of intra-arterial methylene blue shows a significantly decreased (P < 0.05) of the of cases with less than 12 lymph nodes recovered comparing with the control group.
CONCLUSION
Colon cancer specimens can be easily evaluated concerning lymph nodes using the methylene blue method. Therefore, we strongly advise this approach as a standard procedure in the histological evaluation of colon cancer specimens in order to maximize the identification of lymph nodes. However, the detection of metastatic lymph nodes was unaffected significantly.
Topics: Humans; Methylene Blue; Colonic Neoplasms; Retrospective Studies; Male; Female; Middle Aged; Aged; Lymph Nodes; Lymphatic Metastasis; Aged, 80 and over; Adult
PubMed: 38866990
DOI: 10.1007/s00384-024-04663-2 -
Environmental Science and Pollution... Jun 2024A novel mesoporous magnetic biochar (MBC) was prepared, using a randomly growing plant, i.e., common reed, as an exporter of carbon, and applied for removal of methylene...
A novel mesoporous magnetic biochar (MBC) was prepared, using a randomly growing plant, i.e., common reed, as an exporter of carbon, and applied for removal of methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solutions. The prepared sorbent was characterized by nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherm, saturation magnetization, pH of point of zero charges (pH), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The obtained MBC has a specific surface area of 94.2 m g and a pore radius of 4.1 nm, a pore volume of 0.252 cm g, a saturation magnetization of 0.786 emu g, and a pH of 6.2. Batch adsorption experiments were used to study the impact of the physicochemical factors involved in the adsorption process. The findings revealed that MB removal by MBC was achieved optimally at pH 8.0, sorbent dosage of 1.0 g L, and contact time of 30 min. At these conditions, the maximum adsorption was 353.4 mg g. Furthermore, the adsorption isotherm indicated that the Langmuir pattern matched well with the experimental data, compared to the Freindlich model. The ∆G was - 6.7, - 7.1, and - 7.5 kJ mol, at 298, 308, and 318 K, respectively, indicating a spontaneous process. The values of ∆H and ∆S were 5.71 kJ mol and 41.6 J mol K, respectively, suggesting endothermic and the interaction between MB and MBC is van der Waals type. The absorbent was regenerated and reused for four cycles after elution with 0.1 mol L of HCl. This study concluded that the magnetic biochar generated from common reed has tremendous promise in the practical use of removing MB from wastewater.
Topics: Methylene Blue; Charcoal; Adsorption; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Poaceae; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; Water Purification; Porosity; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics
PubMed: 38866933
DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33860-3 -
Colloids and Surfaces. B, Biointerfaces Jun 2024The pressing need for highly efficient antibacterial strategies arises from the prevalence of microbial biofilm infections and the emergence of rapidly evolving...
The pressing need for highly efficient antibacterial strategies arises from the prevalence of microbial biofilm infections and the emergence of rapidly evolving antibiotic-resistant strains of pathogenic bacteria. Photodynamic therapy represents a highly efficient and compelling antibacterial approach, offering promising prospects for effective control of the development of bacterial resistance. However, the effectiveness of many photosensitizers is limited due to the reduced generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in hypoxic microenvironment, which commonly occur in pathological conditions such as inflammatory and bacteria-infected wounds. Herein, we designed and prepared two phenothiazine-derived photosensitizers (NB-1 and NB-2), which can effectively generate superoxide anion radicals (O) through the type I process. Both photosensitizers demonstrate significant efficacy in vitro for the eradication of broad-spectrum bacteria. Moreover, NB-2 possesses distinct advantages including strong membrane binding and strong generation of O, rendering it an exceptionally efficient antibacterial agent against mature biofilms. In addition, laser activated NB-2 could be applied to treat MRSA-infected wound in vivo, which offers new opportunities for potential practical applications.
PubMed: 38865868
DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2024.114018 -
Environmental Geochemistry and Health Jun 2024In the pursuit of efficient photocatalytic materials for environmental applications, a new series of g-CN/N-doped CeO nanocomposites (g-CN/N-CeO NCs) was synthesized...
In the pursuit of efficient photocatalytic materials for environmental applications, a new series of g-CN/N-doped CeO nanocomposites (g-CN/N-CeO NCs) was synthesized using a straightforward dispersion method. These nanocomposites were systematically characterized to understand their structural, optical, and chemical properties. The photocatalytic performance of g-CN/N-CeO NCs was evaluated by investigating their ability to degrade methylene blue (MB) dye, a model organic pollutant. The results demonstrate that the integration of g-CN with N-doped CeO NCs reduces the optical energy gap compared to pristine N-doped CeO, leading to enhanced photocatalytic efficiency. It is benefited from the existence of g-CN/N-CeO NCs not only in promoting the charge separation and inhibits the fast charge recombination but also in improving photocatalytic oxidation performance. Hence, this study highlights the potential of g-CN/N-CeO NCs as promising candidates for various photocatalytic applications, contributing to the advancement of sustainable environmental remediation technologies.
Topics: Methylene Blue; Cerium; Nanocomposites; Catalysis; Light; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Graphite; Photochemical Processes; Photolysis; Nitrogen Compounds
PubMed: 38864996
DOI: 10.1007/s10653-024-02007-1 -
Luminescence : the Journal of... Jun 2024In this study, tellurium-doped and undoped metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) (ZnO, MnO, SnO) are compared, and a practical method for their synthesis is presented.... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
In this study, tellurium-doped and undoped metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) (ZnO, MnO, SnO) are compared, and a practical method for their synthesis is presented. Nanocomposites were created using the coprecipitation process, and comparisons between the three material categories under study were made using a range of characterization methods. The produced materials were subjected to structural, morphological, elemental composition, and functional group analyses using XRD, FESEM in combination with EDS, and FTIR. The optical characteristics in terms of cutoff wavelength were evaluated using UV-visible spectroscopy. Catalyzing the breakdown of methylene blue (MB) dye, the isolated nanocomposites demonstrated very consistent behavior when utilized as catalysts. Regarding both doped and undoped ZnO NPs, the maximum percentage of degradation was found to be 98% when exposed to solar Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, which stand for gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, respectively, and were chosen as model strains for both groups using the disk diffusion technique in the context of in vitro antibacterial testing. Doped and undoped ZnO NPs exhibited greater antibacterial efficacy, with significant inhibition zones measuring 31.5 and 37.8 mm, compared with other metal oxide NPs.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Tellurium; Staphylococcus aureus; Catalysis; Metal Nanoparticles; Escherichia coli; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Photochemical Processes; Methylene Blue; Zinc Oxide; Manganese; Tin; Particle Size; Oxides
PubMed: 38858760
DOI: 10.1002/bio.4799 -
Environmental Science and Pollution... Jun 2024Hydroxyapatite (HAp) stands as an inorganic compound, recognized as a non-toxic, bioactive ceramic, and its composition closely resembles that of bone material. In this...
Hydroxyapatite (HAp) stands as an inorganic compound, recognized as a non-toxic, bioactive ceramic, and its composition closely resembles that of bone material. In this study, nHAp was prepared from waste oyster shells, which are biowaste rich in calcium carbonate. nHAp with its unique catalytic property can be used as an adsorbent in various fields, including wastewater treatment. nHAp with an exceptional surface adsorbent with excellent chemical stability, enabling its catalytic function. Nano hydroxyapatite doped with Zinc oxide (ZnO) by wet chemical precipitation and made into a composite with Graphene oxide (GO) by modified hummers method followed by grinding, which was taken as 9:1 ratio (nHAp/ZnO and GO) of weight, enhances its tensile and mechanical strength. The energy band gap of nHAp photocatalyst was evaluated as 3.39 eV and that of the in nHAp/ZnO/GO photocatalyst was narrowed to 1.77 eV. The ternary nanocomposites are very efficient in generating the photogenerated electrons and holes, thereby improving the degradation potential of dye effluents to by-products such as CO and HO. The nanocomposites photocatalyst were characterized by FTIR, XRD, SEM, TEM, EDS, XPS, DRS, and BET techniques. The UV-visible study shows the complete dye degradation efficiency of the prepared nanocomposites photocatalyst. In this study, the prepared nanocomposites nHAp/ZnO/GO have studied their efficiency for the removal of MB dye in a batch process by varying the dosage from 0.1 to 0.5 g, and the effects of dosage variations, pH, kinetic, scavenger study were evaluated at a time interval of 30 min. The removal of dye was found to be 99% at 150 min of 0.3 g dosage and pH = 12 is most favorable as it reached the same percentage at 90 min. The as-prepared nanocomposite nHAp/ZnO/GO fits the kinetic rate constant equation and shows a pseudo-first-order reaction model. This study indicates the suitability for dye removal due to the synergistic effect and electrostatic interaction of the synthesized ternary nanocomposite, which shows the potential, socially active, low-cost-effective, eco-friendly, and safe for photocatalytic degradation of MB from wastewater.
Topics: Zinc Oxide; Animals; Durapatite; Methylene Blue; Catalysis; Ostreidae; Graphite; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Nanocomposites; Adsorption; Animal Shells
PubMed: 38858286
DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33894-7