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Physiological Reports Jul 2024This study compared the joint kinematics between the front squat (FS) conducted in the upright (natural gravity) position and in the supine position on a short arm human... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
This study compared the joint kinematics between the front squat (FS) conducted in the upright (natural gravity) position and in the supine position on a short arm human centrifuge (SAHC). Male participants (N = 12) with no prior experience exercising on a centrifuge completed a FS in the upright position before (PRE) and after (POST) a FS exercise conducted on the SAHC while exposed to artificial gravity (AG). Participants completed, in randomized order, three sets of six repetitions with a load equal to body weight or 1.25 × body weight for upright squats, and 1 g and 1.25 g at the center of gravity (COG) for AG. During the terrestrial squats, the load was applied with a barbell. Knee (left/right) and hip (left/right) flexion angles were recorded with a set of inertial measurement units. AG decreased the maximum flexion angle (MAX) of knees and hips as well as the range of motion (ROM), both at 1 and 1.25 g. Minor adaptation was observed between the first and the last repetition performed in AG. AG affects the ability to FS in naïve participants by reducing MAX, MIN and ROM of the knees and hip.
Topics: Humans; Male; Range of Motion, Articular; Biomechanical Phenomena; Adult; Centrifugation; Knee Joint; Exercise; Young Adult; Hip Joint; Posture; Gravity, Altered
PubMed: 38949844
DOI: 10.14814/phy2.16034 -
Blood Pressure Dec 2024In 2022 hypertensive disease was the second cause of death in Croatia. The crude prevalence of hypertension is increasing and still majority of hypertensive patients did...
PURPOSE
In 2022 hypertensive disease was the second cause of death in Croatia. The crude prevalence of hypertension is increasing and still majority of hypertensive patients did not reach blood pressure and cholesterol goals Low awareness, and small number of treated and controlled patients point on poor adherence and even worse clinical inertia.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Croatian Hypertension League (CHL) has started the permanent public health action aiming to increase health literacy. In 2023 we decided to intensify program with two missions - ' and aiming to achieve target values in 70% and in 50% of patients treated for hypertension and dyslipidaemia, respectively, by 2026. For the health care workers, the program will primarily involve digital education, and In the second arm of the program, we will advise patients and general population to visit our educational website with important and useful information on how to improve bad lifestyle, how to proper measure blood pressure, why is it important to sustain in taking drugs etc. In 2026, the CHL will organise field research to assess the success of programs using the same methodology as we used in previous EH-UH studies.
CONCLUSION
We will monitor and analyse trends in the management and control of patients treated for hypertension and dyslipidaemia. This will enable us to make an evidence-based conclusion how successful we were in increasing health literacy.
Topics: Humans; Croatia; Dyslipidemias; Hypertension; Health Literacy; Blood Pressure; Male; Female
PubMed: 38949789
DOI: 10.1080/08037051.2024.2371863 -
Medicine and Science in Sports and... Jul 2024Objectively measured physical activity (PA) is a modifiable risk factor for mortality. Understanding the predictive performance of PA is essential to establish potential...
INTRODUCTION
Objectively measured physical activity (PA) is a modifiable risk factor for mortality. Understanding the predictive performance of PA is essential to establish potential targets for early intervention to reduce mortality among older adults.
METHODS
The study used a subset of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2014 data consisting of participants aged 50 to 80 years old (n = 3653, 24297.5 person-years of follow-up, 416 deaths). Eight accelerometry derived features and 14 traditional predictors of all-cause mortality were compared and ranked in terms of their individual and combined predictive performance using the 10-fold cross-validated Concordance (C) from Cox regression.
RESULTS
The top three predictors of mortality in univariate analysis were PA related: average MIMS in the 10 most active hours (C = 0.697), total MIMS per day (C = 0.686), and average log transformed MIMS in the most 10 active hours of the day (C = 0.684), outperforming age (C = 0.676) and other traditional predictors of mortality. In multivariate regression, adding objectively measured PA to the top performing model without PA variables increased concordance from C = 0.776 to C = 0.790 (p < 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS
These findings highlight the importance of PA as a risk marker of mortality and are consistent with prior studies, confirming the importance of accelerometer-derived activity measures beyond total volume.
PubMed: 38949152
DOI: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000003497 -
JPMA. the Journal of the Pakistan... Jun 2024Oneirotherapy is a form of psychotherapy that is based on visual imagery and symbolism. In this communication. We discuss the role of oneirotherapy, or using vivid...
Oneirotherapy is a form of psychotherapy that is based on visual imagery and symbolism. In this communication. We discuss the role of oneirotherapy, or using vivid imagery, as adjuvant therapy in obesity care. Oneirotherapy can be used to promote acceptance of, and adherence to, prescribed therapy. It may also help improve quality of life and enhance self-esteem. However, oneirotherapy alone, without following a healthy lifestyle and or taking antiobesity medication, will help manage weight only in one's dreams.
Topics: Humans; Obesity; Overweight; Quality of Life; Self Concept
PubMed: 38949001
DOI: 10.47391/JPMA.24-47 -
JPMA. the Journal of the Pakistan... Jun 2024To evaluate the under-nutrition risk of children admitted to hospitals using a validated tool.
OBJECTIVES
To evaluate the under-nutrition risk of children admitted to hospitals using a validated tool.
METHODS
The cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2017 to June 2018 in the paediatrics wards of a tertiary referral paediatric government hospital, a tertiary teaching hospital and a government district hospital in Malaysia. The sample comprised paediatric patients aged 2-12 years within 24-72 hours of hospital admission. Data was collected using the 3-Minute Nutrition Screening-Paediatrics tool. Data was analysed using SPSS 20.
RESULTS
Of the 341 patients screened, 284(83.3%) were included; 170(59.9%) boys and 114(40.1%) girls. The overall median age was 4.85 years (interquartile range: 4.33 years). The median length of hospital stay was 3 days (interquartile range: 3 days). There were 72(25.4%) participants at high under-nutrition risk, with the highest proportion being at the district government hospital 31(33%). Among those with high risk, 5.4% subjects had severe acute malnutrition, 9.7% had severe chronic malnutrition, and 11.1% had severe thinness.
CONCLUSION
The 3-Minute Nutrition Screening-Paediatrics scale was found to be effective as a nutrition screening tool for hospitalised children in Malaysia.
Topics: Humans; Female; Male; Malaysia; Child, Preschool; Child; Cross-Sectional Studies; Nutrition Assessment; Hospitalization; Child Nutrition Disorders; Length of Stay; Nutritional Status; Malnutrition; Mass Screening; Thinness; Risk Assessment
PubMed: 38948974
DOI: 10.47391/JPMA.9616 -
JPMA. the Journal of the Pakistan... Jun 2024To compare the effects of magnesium sulphate on the total dose of intravenous morphine consumption postoperatively following limb amputations along with rescue analgesia... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
OBJECTIVE
To compare the effects of magnesium sulphate on the total dose of intravenous morphine consumption postoperatively following limb amputations along with rescue analgesia requirement, pain scores and side effects.
METHODS
This prospective, triple-blinded, randomised controlled study was conducted from October 2021 to May 2022 at the Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Lahore, Pakistan, and comprised of patients scheduled for limb amputations. They were randomised into 2 equal groups. The anaesthesia protocol was uniform for all patients. Intervention group A was administered 30mg/kg loading dose and 10mg/kg/hr maintenance dose of magnesium sulphate intravenously, while patients in control group B received the same amount of plain isotonic saline. Morphine consumption, including that used for rescue analgesia and patient-controlled analgesia, was measured for 24 hours postoperatively. Numeric rating scale was used for the evaluation of postoperative pain in both groups at 15min, 1h, 2h, at discharge from the post-anaesthesia care unit and at 12h and 24h in the ward. Data was analysed using SPSS 23.
RESULTS
Of the 24 patients enrolled, the study was completed by 20(83.33%). There were 10(50%) patients in group A; 8(40%) males and 2(20%) females with mean age 24.8±14.14 years and mean surgery time 130.5±47.86 minutes. There were 10(50%) patients in group B; 8(40%) males and 2(20%) females with mean age 23.2±7.4 years and mean surgery time 117±23.85 minutes (p>0.05). Total morphine used over 24 hours in group A was 16±3.1 mg compared to 29.6±11.2 mg in group B (p<0.05). The time for first use of patient-controlled analgesia after arriving in the postanaesthesia care unit was significantly delayed in group A (72.2±24.95 minutes) compared to that in group B (25±26.68 minutes) (p<0.05). Pain scores were significantly higher in the group B at 15min compared to group A (p<0.05), but not at the rest of the time points (p>0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
Intravenous magnesium sulphate proved to be effective in lowering postoperative opioid requirement following limb amputations.
Topics: Humans; Pain, Postoperative; Magnesium Sulfate; Female; Male; Analgesics, Opioid; Adult; Morphine; Prospective Studies; Amputation, Surgical; Pain Measurement; Middle Aged; Analgesia, Patient-Controlled; Young Adult; Acute Pain
PubMed: 38948969
DOI: 10.47391/JPMA.9022 -
Turkish Journal of Physical Medicine... Jun 2024The study aimed to determine the rates of adherence to phase 2 components of complex decongestive therapy (CDT) and related factors among patients with postmastectomy...
OBJECTIVES
The study aimed to determine the rates of adherence to phase 2 components of complex decongestive therapy (CDT) and related factors among patients with postmastectomy lymphedema.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
This cross-sectional study included 90 female patients (mean age: 54.4±8.0 years; range, 24 to 65 years) with unilateral postmastectomy lymphedema who completed chemotherapy or radiotherapy and had previously undergone CDT phase 1 at our clinic or elsewhere between May 2018 and May 2019. Patients were included in the study at their usual visit to the lymphedema polyclinic. After physical examination, study questionnaires that involved patients' demographic and clinic data and Lymphedema Quality of Life scores were recorded. Patients who applied CDT phase 2 methods four days a week or more frequently were considered adherent, while those who applied these methods less frequently or who never applied these methods were considered nonadherent. The body mass index (BMI) scores were classified based on the criteria of the World Health Organization.
RESULTS
Lymphedema stages of the patients were Stage I in 33.3% (n=30), Stage II in 60% (n=54), and Stage III in 6.7% (n=6). The rates of adherence were 74.4% (n=67) for skin care, 46.6% (n=42) for compression garment use, 42.2% (n=38) for self-massage, 42.2% (n=38) for exercise, and 18.8% (n=17) for multilayer bandaging. The rate of adherence to the multilayer bandaging method was found to be significantly higher in the obese group (BMI >30) than in the other BMI groups.
CONCLUSION
Patient adherence to CDT phase 2 was not sufficient except for the skin care component. There was a significant relationship between BMI and adherence to multilayer bandaging.
PubMed: 38948639
DOI: 10.5606/tftrd.2024.12178 -
Frontiers in Endocrinology 2024The relationship between adiposity and sepsis has received increasing attention. This study aims to explore the causal relationship between life course adiposity and the... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVES
The relationship between adiposity and sepsis has received increasing attention. This study aims to explore the causal relationship between life course adiposity and the sepsis incidence.
METHODS
Mendelian randomization (MR) method was employed in this study. Instrumental variants were obtained from genome-wide association studies for life course adiposity, including birth weight, childhood body mass index (BMI), childhood obesity, adult BMI, waist circumference, visceral adiposity, and body fat percentage. A meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies for sepsis including 10,154 cases and 454,764 controls was used in this study. MR analyses were performed using inverse variance weighted, MR Egger regression, weighted median, weighted mode, and simple mode. Instrumental variables were identified as significant single nucleotide polymorphisms at the genome-wide significance level ( < 5×10). The sensitivity analysis was conducted to assess the reliability of the MR estimates.
RESULTS
Analysis using the MR analysis of inverse variance weighted method revealed that genetic predisposition to increased childhood BMI ( = 1.29, = 0.003), childhood obesity ( = 1.07, = 0.034), adult BMI ( = 1.38, < 0.001), adult waist circumference ( = 1.01, = 0.028), and adult visceral adiposity ( = 1.53, < 0.001) predicted a higher risk of sepsis. Sensitivity analysis did not identify any bias in the MR results.
CONCLUSION
The results demonstrated that adiposity in childhood and adults had causal effects on sepsis incidence. However, more well-designed studies are still needed to validate their association.
Topics: Humans; Mendelian Randomization Analysis; Adiposity; Sepsis; Genome-Wide Association Study; Body Mass Index; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Pediatric Obesity; Adult; Waist Circumference; Child; Male; Female
PubMed: 38948521
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1413690 -
Frontiers in Endocrinology 2024Analyzing bacterial microbiomes consistently using next-generation sequencing (NGS) is challenging due to the diversity of synthetic platforms for 16S rRNA genes and... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study Observational Study
Comparative analysis of gut microbiota in children with obstructive sleep apnea: assessing the efficacy of 16S rRNA gene sequencing in metabolic function prediction based on weight status.
BACKGROUND
Analyzing bacterial microbiomes consistently using next-generation sequencing (NGS) is challenging due to the diversity of synthetic platforms for 16S rRNA genes and their analytical pipelines. This study compares the efficacy of full-length (V1-V9 hypervariable regions) and partial-length (V3-V4 hypervariable regions) sequencing of synthetic 16S rRNA genes from human gut microbiomes, with a focus on childhood obesity.
METHODS
In this observational and comparative study, we explored the differences between these two sequencing methods in taxonomic categorization and weight status prediction among twelve children with obstructive sleep apnea.
RESULTS
The full-length NGS method by Pacbio identified 118 genera and 248 species in the V1-V9 regions, all with a 0% unclassified rate. In contrast, the partial-length NGS method by Illumina detected 142 genera (with a 39% unclassified rate) and 6 species (with a 99% unclassified rate) in the V3-V4 regions. These approaches showed marked differences in gut microbiome composition and functional predictions. The full-length method distinguished between obese and non-obese children using the / ratio, a known obesity marker ( = 0.046), whereas the partial-length method was less conclusive ( = 0.075). Additionally, out of 73 metabolic pathways identified through full-length sequencing, 35 (48%) were associated with level 1 metabolism, compared to 28 of 61 pathways (46%) identified through the partial-length method. The full-length NGS also highlighted complex associations between body mass index z-score, three bacterial species (, , and ATCC 15912), and 17 metabolic pathways. Both sequencing techniques revealed relationships between gut microbiota composition and OSA-related parameters, with full-length sequencing offering more comprehensive insights into associated metabolic pathways than the V3-V4 technique.
CONCLUSION
These findings highlight disparities in NGS-based assessments, emphasizing the value of full-length NGS with amplicon sequence variant analysis for clinical gut microbiome research. They underscore the importance of considering methodological differences in future meta-analyses.
Topics: Humans; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Child; Male; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Female; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive; Pediatric Obesity; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; Child, Preschool; Body Weight; Adolescent
PubMed: 38948515
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1344152 -
Frontiers in Endocrinology 2024Obesity impairs bone marrow (BM) glucose metabolism. Adult BM constitutes mostly of adipocytes that respond to changes in energy metabolism by modulating their...
OBJECTIVES
Obesity impairs bone marrow (BM) glucose metabolism. Adult BM constitutes mostly of adipocytes that respond to changes in energy metabolism by modulating their morphology and number. Here we evaluated whether diet or exercise intervention could improve the high-fat diet (HFD) associated impairment in BM glucose uptake (BMGU) and whether this associates with the morphology of BM adipocytes (BMAds) in rats.
METHODS
Eight-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed either HFD or chow diet for 24 weeks. Additionally after 12 weeks, HFD-fed rats switched either to chow diet, voluntary intermittent running exercise, or both for another 12 weeks. BMAd morphology was assessed by perilipin-1 immunofluorescence staining in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tibial sections. Insulin-stimulated sternal and humeral BMGU were measured using [F]FDG-PET/CT. Tibial microarchitecture and mineral density were measured with microCT.
RESULTS
HFD rats had significantly higher whole-body fat percentage compared to the chow group (17% vs 13%, respectively; = 0.004) and larger median size of BMAds in the proximal tibia (815 µm vs 592 µm, respectively; = 0.03) but not in the distal tibia. Switch to chow diet combined with running exercise normalized whole-body fat percentage ( < 0.001) but not the BMAd size. At 32 weeks of age, there was no significant difference in insulin-stimulated BMGU between the study groups. However, BMGU was significantly higher in sternum compared to humerus ( < 0.001) and higher in 8-week-old compared to 32-week-old rats ( < 0.001). BMAd size in proximal tibia correlated positively with whole-body fat percentage (r = 0.48, = 0.005) and negatively with humeral BMGU (r = -0.63, = 0.02). HFD significantly reduced trabecular number ( < 0.001) compared to the chow group. Switch to chow diet reversed this as the trabecular number was significantly higher ( = 0.008) than in the HFD group.
CONCLUSION
In this study we showed that insulin-stimulated BMGU is age- and site-dependent. BMGU was not affected by the study interventions. HFD increased whole-body fat percentage and the size of BMAds in proximal tibia. Switching from HFD to a chow diet and running exercise improved glucose homeostasis and normalized the HFD-induced increase in body fat but not the hypertrophy of BMAds.
Topics: Animals; Male; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Rats; Adiposity; Diet, High-Fat; Physical Conditioning, Animal; Bone Marrow; Glucose; Obesity; Adipocytes
PubMed: 38948514
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1422869