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Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2022The influence of dietary probiotic on the growth performance, digestive enzyme activity, immune parameters and disease resistance of yellow catfish () was evaluated....
The influence of dietary probiotic on the growth performance, digestive enzyme activity, immune parameters and disease resistance of yellow catfish () was evaluated. Commercial diet (C) or diet containing 10 cfu/g (T) was fed for 4 weeks, and final weight (FW), specific growth rate (SGR) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were improved (0.05) in the T group. Dietary increased protease and amylase activities in the digestive tract after 2 and 4 weeks, respectively. Respiratory burst (RB), plasma lysozyme (LZM) activity, total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were also elevated (0.05). Immune-related genes signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STATA-1), immunoglobulin M (IgM) and C-type lectin (CTL) were upregulated (0.05), but interleukin-1 β (IL-1β) was not (0.05). Intestinal microbiota analysis showed that the community structure was significantly different between the two groups; the relative abundance of was increased but was decreased in T. Moreover, challenge tests showed that the resistance of fish fed against and was significantly enhanced (0.05). In conclusion, dietary supplementation of can effectively improve the growth performance, digestive enzyme activity, immune responses, intestinal microbiota composition and disease resistance of yellow catfish.
Topics: Animals; Catfishes; Bacillus amyloliquefaciens; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Disease Resistance; Diet; Gastrointestinal Agents
PubMed: 36452300
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1047351 -
Chemosphere Jan 2023Polyethylene is one of the most important plastic types with the highest consumption in the world. Plastics are prone to photodegradation and turn into microplastics,...
Polyethylene is one of the most important plastic types with the highest consumption in the world. Plastics are prone to photodegradation and turn into microplastics, which are magnified as they move across trophic levels. Microplastics would be able to penetrate into lymph even cross cell membranes, causing harm to the lymphatic and/or circulatory systems, accumulating in secondary organs, and impacting the immune system and cell health. The objective of this study was to test that the activation of the intestinal immune network might be caused by disruption of intestinal microbiota after exposure to different polyethylene microplastics (PE-MPs) concentrations (1, 10, 100, and 1000 μg/mL) in adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) for 7 days. The concentrations of PE-MPs (100 and 1000 μg/mL) exposure decreased the goblet cell coverage. The intestinal microbial diversity index (Shannon and Simpson) was increased at 100 and 1000 μg/mL PE-MPs concentrations. The relative abundance of intestinal dominant microbiota phylum Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria increased significantly (P < 0.05); however, phylum Fusobacteria decreased significantly (P < 0.05). The relative abundance of intestinal microbiota at level of genera showed varying degrees of elevation such as Acinetobacter (6.31-fold), Plesiomonas (4.80-fold), Flavobacterium (10.54-fold) and Pseudomonas (5.17-fold) in 1000 μg/mL PE-MPs. Intestinal innate immunity-complement C3 and C4 content first increased and then declined in a dose-dependent manner. Expression of genes from the intestinal immune network for mucosal immunoglobulin production were increased also in a dose-dependent manner. The expression of immune-related genes (pigr, il10 and ighv4-5) were positively correlated with the relative abundance of genera Plesiomonas. In conclusion, PE-MPs increase the infection probability in the intestinal mucosa by altering the abundance of intestinal dominant microbiota at the level of phylum. PE-MPs exposure activated the intestinal immune network pathway for mucosal immunoglobulin production at a concentration of 100 or 1000 μg/mL for 7 days.
Topics: Animals; Polyethylene; Microplastics; Zebrafish; Plastics; Intestinal Mucosa; Immunoglobulins
PubMed: 36419273
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137048 -
Vaccines Nov 2022The swift emergence of antibiotic resistance (AR) in bacterial pathogens to make themselves adaptable to changing environments has become an alarming health issue. To...
The swift emergence of antibiotic resistance (AR) in bacterial pathogens to make themselves adaptable to changing environments has become an alarming health issue. To prevent AR infection, many ways can be accomplished such as by decreasing the misuse of antibiotics in human and animal medicine. Among these AR bacterial species, is one of the etiological agents of intestinal infection in humans. It is a gram-negative rod-shaped bacterium that is highly resistant to several classes of antibiotics, and no licensed vaccine against the aforementioned pathogen is available. Hence, substantial efforts are required to screen protective antigens from the pathogen whole genome that can be subjected easily to experimental evaluations. Here, we employed a reverse vaccinology (RV) approach to design a multi-antigenic epitopes based vaccine against . The complete genomes of were retrieved from the National Center for Biotechnological Information (NCBI) that on average consist of 5226 proteins. The complete proteomes were subjected to different subtractive proteomics filters, and in the results of that analysis, out of total proteins, 2399 were revealed as non-redundant and 2827 as redundant proteins. The non-redundant proteins were further checked for subcellular localization analysis, in which three were localized in the extracellular matrix, eight were outer membrane, and 13 were found in the periplasmic membrane. All surface localized proteins were found to be virulent. Out of a total of 24 virulent proteins, three proteins (flagellar hook protein (FlgE), hypothetical protein, and TonB-dependent hemoglobin/transferrin/lactoferrin family receptor protein) were considered as potential vaccine targets and subjected to epitopes prediction. The predicted epitopes were further examined for antigenicity, toxicity, and solubility. A total of 10 epitopes were selected (GFKESRAEF, VQVPTEAGQ, KINENGVVV, ENKALSQET, QGYASANDE, RLNPTDSRW, TLDYRLNPT, RVTKKQSDK, GEREGKNRP, RDKKTNQPL). The selected epitopes were linked with each other via specific GPGPG linkers in order to design a multi-epitopes vaccine construct, and linked with cholera toxin B subunit adjuvant to make the designed vaccine construct more efficient in terms of antigenicity. The 3D structure of the vaccine construct was modeled ab initio as no appropriate template was available. Furthermore, molecular docking was carried out to check the interaction affinity of the designed vaccine with major histocompatibility complex (MHC-)I (PDB ID: 1L1Y), MHC-II (1KG0), and toll-like receptor 4 ((TLR-4) (PDB: 4G8A). Molecular dynamic simulation was applied to evaluate the dynamic behavior of vaccine-receptor complexes. Lastly, the binding free energies of the vaccine with receptors were estimated by using MMPB/GBSA methods. All of the aforementioned analyses concluded that the designed vaccine molecule as a good candidate to be used in experimental studies to disclose its immune protective efficacy in animal models.
PubMed: 36366394
DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10111886 -
Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) Oct 2022Flavonoids have antimicrobial and anti-oxidation properties. The effects of the flavonoid quercetin on the intestinal microflora of freshwater dark sleeper were tested...
Flavonoids have antimicrobial and anti-oxidation properties. The effects of the flavonoid quercetin on the intestinal microflora of freshwater dark sleeper were tested for the first time. juveniles were treated with quercetin for 21 days at one of three concentrations (2.5, 5.0, or 10.0 mg/L) and compared with a control group that was not treated with quercetin. Quercetin improved the stability of the intestinal flora in and the probiotic bacteria spp. and spp. increased in species abundance after the low concentration quercetin treatments. Furthermore, the abundance of pathogenic bacteria spp., spp., and spp. decreased after the fish had been exposed to quercetin. Activity of hepatic antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, SOD), (glutathione S-transferase, GST), (glutathione peroxidase, GSH-Px), and (total antioxidant capacity, T-AOC) increased in the livers of treated with quercetin, thereby increasing their hepatic antioxidant capacity and their ability to scavenge free radicals.
PubMed: 36290739
DOI: 10.3390/antiox11102015 -
Animals : An Open Access Journal From... Oct 2022This study was conducted to investigate the effects of meal (TM) replacement for fish meal (FM) on growth performance, humoral immunity, and intestinal health of...
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of meal (TM) replacement for fish meal (FM) on growth performance, humoral immunity, and intestinal health of juvenile large yellow croakers (). Four experimental diets were formulated by replacing FM with TM at different levels-0% (TM0), 15% (TM15), 30% (TM30), and 45% (TM45). Triplicate groups of juveniles (initial weight = 11.80 ± 0.02 g) were fed the test diets to apparent satiation two times daily for eight weeks. There was no significant difference in final body weight (FBW) and weight gain rate (WG) among TM0, TM15, and TM30, while TM45 feeding significantly reduced the FBW and WG. Compared with TM0, AKP activity in serum was significantly decreased in TM45, while the TM15 group remarkably increased LZM activity. TM30 showed significantly higher serum C3 levels compared to the TM0 group, while the TM addition groups decreased the C4 levels significantly in the serum. In terms of intestinal histology, the addition of TM increased the height and thickness of the intestinal villus and also increased the thickness of the intestinal muscles significantly. The addition of TM significantly reduced the serum DAO and D-lactate concentrations. The results of 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed that the addition of TM significantly enhanced the relative abundance of Bacilli and and contributed to the decrease in the relative abundance of . In addition, the TM30 and TM45 groups significantly reduced the abundance of Peptostreptococcaceae. Overall, our results indicated that TM could be a viable alternative protein source, 6.7% TM supplantation (replacing 15% FM) in large yellow croaker feed improved humoral immunity and intestinal health with no adverse effects on growth. Furthermore, the replacement of FM with 30% and 45% TM adversely affects growth and humoral immunity.
PubMed: 36230400
DOI: 10.3390/ani12192659 -
Microbial Pathogenesis Dec 2022Chinese sturgeon (Acipenser sinensis) is an indigenous species of China and is listed as a critically endangered species. Recently, second filial generations of Chinese...
Chinese sturgeon (Acipenser sinensis) is an indigenous species of China and is listed as a critically endangered species. Recently, second filial generations of Chinese sturgeon in the Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute suffered from a severe disease. In this study, two kinds of pathogenic bacteria were isolated from diseased sturgeon and identified as Plesiomonas shigelloides and Citrobacter freundii, based on 16S rDNA gene sequence alignment analysis. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing showed that P. shigelloides was resistant to ampicillin, penicillin, midecamycin, oxacillin, and clindamycin; and sensitive to tocefatriaxone, piperacillin, cefoperazone, cefazolin, and ciprofloxacin. C. freundii was resistant to ampicillin, penicillin, midecamycin, oxacillin, and clindamycin; and sensitive to chloramphenicol, cefuroxime, norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and ceftazidime. The median lethal dose (LD) values of P. shigelloides and C. freundii were 4.50 × 10 colony forming units (CFU)/g and 3.20 × 10 CFU/g, respectively. Clinical symptoms of challenged sturgeons were the same as those of naturally infected sturgeons. Histopathological examination disclosed severe damage in the viscera of P. shigelloides and C. freundii-infected sturgeons. This is the first report suggesting that P. shigelloides infection is associated with mortality of Chinese sturgeon. The results of this study revealed the pathogenesis and severe pathogenicity of P. shigelloides and C. freundii in cultured Chinese sturgeon, and offer insights into the prevention and treatment of bacterial infection caused by P. shigelloides and C. freundii in cultured sturgeons.
Topics: Animals; Plesiomonas; Citrobacter freundii; Virulence; Clindamycin; Fishes; Oxacillin; Ampicillin; Ciprofloxacin
PubMed: 36216208
DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105818 -
Microbiology Spectrum Oct 2022Maintaining the health of seafarers is a difficult task during long-term voyages. Little is known about the corresponding changes in the gut microbiome-host interaction....
Maintaining the health of seafarers is a difficult task during long-term voyages. Little is known about the corresponding changes in the gut microbiome-host interaction. This study recruited 30 seafarers undertaking a 6-month voyage and analyzed their gut microbiota using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Fecal untargeted metabolomics analysis was performed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Significant changes in the composition of the gut microbiota and an increased ratio of / at the end (day 180) of the 6-month voyage, relative to the start (day 0), were observed. At the genus level, the abundances of and were significantly increased, while the abundance of was decreased. Predicted microbial functional analysis revealed significant decreases in folate biosynthesis and biotin metabolism. Furthermore, 20 differential metabolites within six differentially enriched human metabolic pathways (including arginine biosynthesis, lysine degradation, phenylalanine metabolism, sphingolipid metabolism, pentose and glucuronate interconversions, and glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism) were identified by comparing the fecal metabolites at day 0 and day 180. Spearman correlation analysis revealed close relationships between the 14 differential microbiota members and the six differential fecal metabolites that might affect specific human metabolic pathways. This study adopted a multi-omics approach and provides potential targets for maintaining the health of seafarers during long-term voyages. These findings are worthy of more in-depth exploration in future studies. Maintaining the health of seafarers undertaking long-term voyages is a difficult task. Apart from the alterations in the gut microbiome and fecal metabolites after a long-term voyage, our study also revealed that 20 differential metabolites within six differentially enriched human metabolic pathways are worthy of attention. Moreover, we found close relationships between the 14 differential microbiota members and the six differential fecal metabolites that might impact specific human metabolic pathways. Accordingly, preventative measures, such as adjusting the gut microbiota by decreasing potential pathobionts or increasing potential probiotics as well as offsetting the decrease in B vitamins and beneficial metabolites (e.g., d-glucuronic acid and citrulline) via dietary adjustment or nutritional supplements, might improve the health of seafarers during long-term sea voyages. These findings provide valuable clues about gut microbiome-host interactions and propose potential targets for maintaining the health of seafarers engaged in long-term sea voyages.
Topics: Humans; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Vitamin B Complex; Citrulline; Biotin; Lysine; Metabolomics; Feces; Pentoses; Glucuronates; Glycine; Glucuronic Acid; Serine; Phenylalanine; Sphingolipids; Threonine; Arginine; Folic Acid
PubMed: 36197290
DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01899-22 -
International Journal of Biological... Dec 2022A 56-day feeding trial was conducted to assess the effects of different viscous guar gum on the growth, intestinal flora, and intestinal health of Micropterus salmoides....
A 56-day feeding trial was conducted to assess the effects of different viscous guar gum on the growth, intestinal flora, and intestinal health of Micropterus salmoides. Four practical diets with 42.5 % crude protein and 13.7 % crude lipid were formulated to contain 8 % cellulose and three different viscosities (2500, 5200, and 6000 mPa·s) of guar gum. Dietary guar gum inhibits fish growth and feed utilization, decreases the α-diversity of the intestinal flora, and negatively alters the intestinal flora structure and metabolite composition. High viscous guar gum down-regulated the intestinal tight junction, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic related gene's expression, decreased digesta butyrate/histamine ratio; and increased the abundance of Plesiomonas shigelloides. These results suggest that dietary guar gum adversely affects intestinal health by disrupting intestinal flora structure and metabolite composition, and that viscosity should be considered when using guar gum as a binder in aquafeeds.
Topics: Animals; Viscosity; Bass; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Galactans; Plant Gums; Mannans; Dietary Fiber
PubMed: 36181882
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.09.220 -
Frontiers in Physiology 2022The yellow catfish (), as one of the economically-relevant freshwater fish found in China, cannot tolerate cold stress. Understanding the physiological and biochemical...
The yellow catfish (), as one of the economically-relevant freshwater fish found in China, cannot tolerate cold stress. Understanding the physiological and biochemical mechanisms under cold stress may provide insights for improving yellow catfish management in the cold. Therefore, we investigated the metabolic and intestinal microbiota changes in cold stress in response to induced cold stress. We found that cold stress in yellow catfish lead to a significant increase in the consumption of glucose and triglycerides, as well as increased use of cholesterol as an alternate energy source. Moreover, cold stress also activated several significant biological processes in the fish such as thermogenesis, oxidative phosphorylation, the spliceosome machinery, RNA transport, protein processing that occurs in the ER, and purine and pyrimidine metabolism pathways involved in energy production. On the other hand, many other mechanisms like insulin resistance, starch and sucrose metabolism, and the glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolic pathways that also served as energy production pathways were weakened. Furthermore, organic acids and their derivatives as well as the lipids and lipid-like molecules were mainly altered in cold stress; prenol lipids, steroids, and their derivatives were significantly upregulated, while fatty acyls and glycerophospholipids were significantly downregulated. Transcriptomic and metabolomic integrated analysis data revealed that carbohydrate metabolism, lipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and nucleotide metabolism were involved in cold stress resistance. In addition, the intestinal microbiota abundance was also reduce and the pathogenic bacteria of plesiomonas was rapidly appreciation, which suggesting that cold stress also impaired intestinal health. This research study could offer insights into winter management or the development of feed to promote cold resistance in yellow catfish.
PubMed: 36176772
DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.985046 -
Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy :... Dec 2022Plesiomonas shigelloides is a gram-negative facultative anaerobic bacillus, usually found in soil and freshwater, which causes self-limited diarrhea, although reports of...
Clinical and microbiological features of intratumor abscess with bloodstream infection caused by Plesiomonas shigelloides, Citrobacter freundii, Streptococcus mitis/oralis, Clostridium perfringens, and Candida albicans in a patient with cholangiocarcinoma: A case report.
Plesiomonas shigelloides is a gram-negative facultative anaerobic bacillus, usually found in soil and freshwater, which causes self-limited diarrhea, although reports of bacteremia are rare. Here, we report the first case of an intratumoral abscess with mixed bacteremia caused by P. shigelloides, Citrobacter freundii, Streptococcus mitis/oralis, Clostridium perfringens, and Candida albicans in a patient with recurrent postoperative cholangiocarcinoma. A 77-year-old man with hilar cholangiocarcinoma and hypertension was admitted to our hospital with fever and abdominal pain. He had visited Vietnam for 3 years, 20 years ago. Abdominal computed tomography showed air within the recurrent tumor at the left liver lobectomy resection margin site, which was diagnosed as an intratumor abscess perforating the intestinal tract. P. shigelloides, C. freundii, S. mitis/oralis, C. perfringens, and C. albicans were isolated in blood culture. P. shigelloides was identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) and 16S ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) sequencing. Piperacillin-tazobactam was administered for almost a week, ampicillin-sulbactam and levofloxacin for almost 3 weeks, and antifungal agents for almost 2 weeks, and the patient was discharged thereafter. Although bloodstream infections caused by P. shigelloides in patients with cancer are extremely rare, long-term colonization and the potential for future intra-abdominal infections were implicated.
Topics: Abscess; Aged; Antifungal Agents; Bacteremia; Bile Duct Neoplasms; Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic; Candida albicans; Cholangiocarcinoma; Citrobacter freundii; Clostridium perfringens; Humans; Levofloxacin; Male; Piperacillin; Plesiomonas; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sepsis; Soil; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; Streptococcus mitis; Streptococcus oralis; Tazobactam
PubMed: 36067910
DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2022.08.024