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HeartRhythm Case Reports Nov 2023
PubMed: 38023679
DOI: 10.1016/j.hrcr.2023.08.010 -
Retina (Philadelphia, Pa.) Dec 2023To present the flattened flanged polypropylene suture technique developed to obtain round and stable pupils in patients with iridodialysis.
PURPOSE
To present the flattened flanged polypropylene suture technique developed to obtain round and stable pupils in patients with iridodialysis.
METHODS
After performing a fornix-based conjunctival peritomy, a flange was created at the tip of a 6.0 polypropylene suture by cautery. In the quadrant of iridodialysis, an ultrathin 30-gauge needle was inserted into the sclera at a distance of 2 mm from the limbus and advanced 1.5 mm intrasclerally, parallel to the limbus. The needle was directed radially into the eye and easily passed through the edge of the peripheral iris. The polypropylene suture was pushed into the lumen of the needle with the help of forceps. After the needle was externalized, the tip of the suture was flanged by cautery, and the flange was immediately flattened using a needle holder.
RESULTS
Six eyes of six patients with iridodialysis were enrolled in this study. Postoperatively, the irises remained well positioned and the pupils became round in all eyes. None of the patients developed suture erosion, suture loosening or rupture, hyphema, hypotony, chronic iridocyclitis, and angle closure.
CONCLUSION
The present technique provides a minimally invasive surgery and robust iris fixation without the need to create a scleral flap, groove, or pocket.
Topics: Humans; Polypropylenes; Iris; Sclera; Conjunctiva; Sutures; Suture Techniques; Lenses, Intraocular
PubMed: 37983378
DOI: 10.1097/IAE.0000000000003447 -
Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Dec 2023Bromodomain and PHD finger-containing (BRPF) proteins function as epigenetic readers that specifically recognize acetylated lysine residues on histone tails. The...
Bromodomain and PHD finger-containing (BRPF) proteins function as epigenetic readers that specifically recognize acetylated lysine residues on histone tails. The acetyl-lysine binding pocket of BRPF has emerged as an attractive target for the development of protein interaction inhibitors owing to its potential druggability. In this study, we identified 3-acetylindoles as bone antiresorptive agents with a novel scaffold by performing structure-based virtual screening and hit optimization. Among those derivatives, compound 18 exhibited potent and selective inhibitory activities against BRPF1B (IC = 102 nM) as well as outstanding inhibitory activity against osteoclastogenesis (73.8% @ 1 μM) and differentiation (IC = 0.19 μM) without cytotoxicity. Besides, cellular mechanism assays demonstrated that compound 18 exhibited a strong bone antiresorptive effect by modulating the RANKL/RANK/NFATc1 pathway. Structural and functional studies on BRPF1 inhibitors aid in making advances to understand the epigenetic mechanisms of bone cell development and create innovative therapeutics for treating bone metastases from solid tumors and other bone erosive diseases.
Topics: Osteogenesis; Osteoclasts; NF-kappa B; Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-kappa B; Bone Density Conservation Agents; Ligands; Lysine; Cell Differentiation; RANK Ligand; NFATC Transcription Factors
PubMed: 37951134
DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2023.117440 -
GeroScience Apr 2024Oral health plays a significant role in the quality of life and overall well-being of the aging population. However, age-related changes in oral health are not well...
Oral health plays a significant role in the quality of life and overall well-being of the aging population. However, age-related changes in oral health are not well understood due to challenges with current animal models. In this study, we analyzed the oral health and microbiota of a short-lived non-human primate (i.e., marmoset), as a step towards establishing a surrogate for studying the changes that occur in oral health during human aging. We investigated the oral health of marmosets using cadaveric tissues in three different cohorts: young (aged ≤6 years), middle-aged, and older (>10 years) and assessed the gingival bacterial community using analyses of the V3-V4 variable region of 16S rRNA gene. The oldest cohort had a significantly higher number of dental caries, increased dental attrition/erosion, and deeper periodontal pocket depth scores. Oral microbiome analyses showed that older marmosets had a significantly greater abundance of Escherichia-Shigella and Propionibacterium, and a lower abundance of Agrobacterium/Rhizobium at the genus level. Alpha diversity of the microbiome between the three groups showed no significant differences; however, principal coordinate analysis and non-metric multidimensional scaling analysis revealed that samples from middle-aged and older marmosets were more closely clustered than the youngest cohort. In addition, linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEFSe) identified a higher abundance of Esherichia-Shigella as a potential pathogenic biomarker in older animals. Our findings confirm that changes in the oral microbiome are associated with a decline in oral health in aging marmosets. The current study suggests that the marmoset model recapitulates some of the changes in oral health associated with human aging and may provide opportunities for developing new preventive strategies or interventions which target these disease conditions.
Topics: Humans; Animals; Aged; Middle Aged; Callithrix; Oral Health; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Dental Caries; Quality of Life; Aging
PubMed: 37775702
DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00939-7 -
Quintessence International (Berlin,... Jan 2024Inflammatory pathogenesis is common to periodontitis and oral lichen planus. This study was conducted to assess and compare the periodontal status of patients with and...
OBJECTIVE
Inflammatory pathogenesis is common to periodontitis and oral lichen planus. This study was conducted to assess and compare the periodontal status of patients with and without oral lichen planus.
METHOD AND MATERIALS
108 patients comprising 54 with oral lichen planus and 54 age-matched systemically healthy participants without oral lichen planus were selected. Periodontal parameters, ie Plaque Index, Gingival Index, bleeding on probing, probing pocket depth, clinical attachment level, and periodontal phenotype were measured.
RESULTS
On comparing the test and control groups, statistically significant differences were observed in respect to Plaque Index (P = .00), Gingival Index (P = .00), and bleeding on probing (P = .00). A higher proportion of sites with deeper pockets was observed in the test group (P = .00). On comparison of various oral lichen planus subtypes, significant difference was observed in respect to Gingival Index (P = .00) and bleeding on probing (P = .00). A higher proportion of sites with deeper pockets (P = .01) and greater CAL (P = .00) was observed in the erosive/atrophic subgroup compared to the reticular group. However, the differences between the reticular (a less severe form of oral lichen planus) and control group in terms of Gingival Index (P = .94), Plaque Index (P = .05), bleeding on probing (P = .17), probing pocket depth (P = .56), and clinical attachment level (P = .23) were not statistically significant. Statistically significant differences were observed in terms of Gingival Index (P = .01) and bleeding on probing (P = .00) between thin and thick periodontal phenotypes in the oral lichen planus group. Statistically significant positive correlations in periodontal parameters with increased gingival involvement and severity were observed using Spearman rank correlation coefficient.
CONCLUSION
Significantly greater periodontal inflammation in the test group means there is a risk of greater attachment loss in future. Thus, increased attention towards periodontal health in these patients might reduce the rate of disease progression.
Topics: Humans; Lichen Planus, Oral; Periodontitis; Gingiva; Periodontal Index; Dental Plaque Index
PubMed: 37724998
DOI: 10.3290/j.qi.b4343127 -
Clinical and Experimental Dermatology Oct 2023Epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors (EGFRIs) are widely used to treat various types of malignancies. One of the common adverse reactions is cutaneous toxicity,...
Epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors (EGFRIs) are widely used to treat various types of malignancies. One of the common adverse reactions is cutaneous toxicity, mostly presenting as acneiform eruptions, paronychia and xerosis. Erosive pustular dermatosis of the scalp (EPDS) is a rare cutaneous adverse reaction that develops during treatment with EGFRIs. The pathogenesis of EGFRI-induced EPDS is poorly understood. Here we present three cases of EPDS induced by EGFRIs. The proteins LTA4H (leukotriene A-4 hydrolase), METAP1 (methionine aminopeptidase 1), BID (BH3-interacting domain death agonist), SMAD1 (mothers against decapentaplegic homologue), PRKRA (interferon-inducible double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase activator A), YES1 (tyrosine-protein kinase Yes) and EGFL7 (epidermal growth factor-like protein 7) were significantly upregulated in EGFRI-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cell cultures, and validated in the lesions. All of the proteins colocalized with CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell expression. Next-generation-based human leucocyte antigen (HLA) typing showed all patients carried HLA-C*15:02, and modelling studies showed that afatinib and erlotinib bound well within the E/F binding pockets of HLA-C*15:02. Moreover, T cells were preferentially activated by EGFRIs in individuals carrying HLA-C*15:02. The case series revealed that EGFRI-induced EPDS may be mediated by drug-specific T cells.
Topics: Humans; Scalp; HLA-C Antigens; Leukocytes, Mononuclear; Skin Diseases; Exanthema; ErbB Receptors; Aminopeptidases; Calcium-Binding Proteins; EGF Family of Proteins
PubMed: 37710038
DOI: 10.1093/ced/llad282 -
Journal of Clinical Medicine Jul 2023Infective endocarditis (IE) is a disease of the endocardium, which leads to the appearance of vegetation on the valves, cardiac structures, or, potentially, vascular... (Review)
Review
Infective endocarditis (IE) is a disease of the endocardium, which leads to the appearance of vegetation on the valves, cardiac structures, or, potentially, vascular endothelium of the heart. The risk of IE can be increased more than 140 times by congenital heart disease (50-59% of all IE), particularly if cyanotic. An increase in mortality may result from IE in patients with a complex cardiac pathology or patients with an implanted prosthetic material, most frequently conduits in a pulmonary position. Cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIED) infective endocarditis is a life-threatening complication representing 10% of all cases of endocarditis. Common signs of presentation are often fever and chills; redness and swelling at the pocket of the pacemaker, including the erosion and exteriorization of the device; and life-threatening sepsis. The use of intracardiac echocardiography for the diagnosis of IE is an innovative method. This may be needed, especially in older children undergoing complex cardiac surgery, when transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) and transesophageal echocardiography (TOE) failed to provide a reliable diagnosis. The 2018 European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) experts' consensus statement on transvenous lead extraction recommends complete device removal and antimicrobial therapy for any device-related infection, including CIED-IE. The most detected microorganism was Staphylococcus Aureus. In addition, cardiac surgery and interventional cardiology associated with the placement of prostheses or conduits may increase the risk of IE up to 1.6% for Melody valve implantation. Our manuscript presents a comprehensive review of infective endocarditis associated with cardiac devices and prostheses in the pediatric population, including recent advances in diagnosis and management.
PubMed: 37568344
DOI: 10.3390/jcm12154941 -
The Journal of Laryngology and Otology Nov 2023Attic retraction pockets, classified by degree of invasion and erosion, are reconstructed here as outlined by attic retraction pocket grade.
OBJECTIVE
Attic retraction pockets, classified by degree of invasion and erosion, are reconstructed here as outlined by attic retraction pocket grade.
METHOD
Attic retraction pocket grade, surgical management, subsequent conditions of tympanic membrane and middle ear, and improvement of air-bone gap pure tone average were recorded.
RESULTS
Our management strategy, based on attic retraction pocket grade, was applied to 200 ears: 44 grade I ears had non-surgical management and 156 grade II-V ears had surgical management. All 200 ears were followed up for 36-240 months, showing only 1 attic retraction pocket reformation and 1 adhesive otitis media (complication rate of 1 per cent), and improved air-bone gaps ( < 0.05). An earlier series of 50 grade IV attic retraction pockets used atticotomy with epitympanic reconstruction. These showed attic retraction pocket recurrence or cholesteatoma onset in 34 ears (68 per cent). When these ears were revised per protocol, there was no evidence of cholesteatoma thereafter.
CONCLUSION
Reconstruction of the ossicles and scutal defect according to attic retraction pocket grade shows long-term stability of the tympanic membrane, middle ear and hearing.
Topics: Humans; Ear, Middle; Cholesteatoma; Tympanic Membrane; Otitis Media; Cholesteatoma, Middle Ear
PubMed: 37203214
DOI: 10.1017/S002221512300083X -
Scientific Reports Nov 2022The effect of gas-entrapping polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microstructures on the dynamics of cavitation bubbles laser-induced next to the PDMS surface is investigated and...
The effect of gas-entrapping polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microstructures on the dynamics of cavitation bubbles laser-induced next to the PDMS surface is investigated and compared against the cavitation dynamics next to a flat smooth boundary. Local pressure gradients produced by a cavitation bubble cause the air pockets entrapped in the PDMS microstructures to expand and oscillate, leading to a repulsion of the cavitation bubble. The microstructures were fabricated as boxed crevices via a simple and scalable laser ablation technique on cast acrylic, allowing for testing of variable structure sizes and reusable molds. The bubble dynamics were observed using high speed photography and the surrounding flows were visualized and quantified using particle tracking velocimetry. Smaller entrapped air pockets showed an enhanced ability to withstand deactivation at three stand-off distances and over 50 subsequent cavitation events. This investigation provides insight into the potential to direct the collapse of a cavitation bubble away from a surface to mitigate erosion or to enhance microfluidic mixing in low Reynolds number flows.
PubMed: 36437305
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24746-w -
Wiadomosci Lekarskie (Warsaw, Poland :... 2022The aim: Investigate structural changes in the tissues of the periodontal complex under the condition of experimental lipopolysaccharide periodontitis combined with...
OBJECTIVE
The aim: Investigate structural changes in the tissues of the periodontal complex under the condition of experimental lipopolysaccharide periodontitis combined with hyper¬thyroidism.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
Materials and methods: The studies were performed on adult white male rats, which simulated periodontitis combined with hyperthyroidism. Periodontal tissues were subjected to morphological examination on the 22nd day of the experiment. Collection of material for microscopic examinations was performed according to the generally accepted method; histological specimens were studied using a light optical microscope.
RESULTS
Results: Morphological studies of the components of the periodontal complex of experimental animals with experimental periodontitis established the reorganization of its structural elements. Damage to the epithelium in the area of attachment of the circular ligament and erosive-ulcerative changes of the gums led to a deepening of the gingival sulcus with the formation of a deep periodontal pocket. Intense hyperkeratosis was observed in the area of the bottom of the periodontal pocket. In the own plate of the mucous membrane of the gums - significant edema, collagen fibers were disorganized, defragmented. There were pronounced destructive-degenerative and inflammatory changes of the epithelial and own plates of all areas of the gums and periodontium, damage to the nuclei and cytoplasm of keratinocytes, fibroblasts, and leukocytes.
CONCLUSION
Conclusions: Experimental periodontitis combined with hyperthyroidism is accompanied by pronounced signs of destructive and inflammatory changes in the soft and dense tissues of the periodontal complex, as well as disruption of stromal-vascular interactions, which progress from reversible to irreversible disruption of periodontal connective tissue.
Topics: Animals; Collagen; Hyperthyroidism; Lipopolysaccharides; Male; Periodontal Pocket; Periodontitis; Rats
PubMed: 36129078
DOI: 10.36740/WLek202208203