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Special Care in Dentistry : Official... Jan 2024A hamartoma is a benign proliferation of typical mature cells specific to a particular anatomical site. In the oral cavity, they may occur as isolated cases or be...
A hamartoma is a benign proliferation of typical mature cells specific to a particular anatomical site. In the oral cavity, they may occur as isolated cases or be associated with genetic syndromes. Oral-facial-digital syndrome type VI is a rare genetic disorder with an estimated incidence of one in 50,000-250,000 newborns. Here, we report a case of a 2-year-old boy diagnosed with oral-facial-digital syndrome type VI who was referred for evaluation of a bilateral and normochromic to slightly pinkish nodule on the lateral surface of the tongue. Clinically, the child presented hypotonia, low visual acuity, absence of oculocephalic reflex, delay in neuropsychomotor development, and polydactyly in the feet. Excisional biopsies of both sides of the tongue were performed using a 1.5 W high-power diode laser (wavelength of 980 nm), and histopathological analysis revealed abundant mature adipocytes predominantly arranged in lobules that mainly surrounded the minor salivary gland parenchyma. The surgical sites healed with no complications and the patient remains under follow-up for 10 months. Due to the limited literature on this syndrome and the frequent presence of tongue hamartomas in children, dentists need to be familiar with them.
PubMed: 38185723
DOI: 10.1111/scd.12958 -
Journal of Indian Association of... 2023Bardet-Biedl syndrome is an autosomal-recessive ciliopathic disorder affecting multiple organ systems. Characteristic features include progressive retinal dystrophy,...
Bardet-Biedl syndrome is an autosomal-recessive ciliopathic disorder affecting multiple organ systems. Characteristic features include progressive retinal dystrophy, obesity, polydactyly hypogonadism, mental retardation, and renal disorders. Other manifestations include congenital heart diseases, hepatic fibrosis, ataxia, and diabetes. Approximately 30% of patients with Biedl-Bardet syndrome (BBS) have hepatobiliary disorders such as periportal fibrosis, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and cystic dilation of the bile ducts. The association of BBS with choledochal cysts (CDC) is extremely rare. Here, we report a case of a 14-year-old boy with a novel variant of BBS and associated type IV CDC. The patient was managed surgically with CDC excision and Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy.
PubMed: 38173646
DOI: 10.4103/jiaps.jiaps_124_23 -
Cell Transplantation 2024This study compared the proliferation and differentiation potential of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) derived from infants with polydactyly and...
This study compared the proliferation and differentiation potential of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) derived from infants with polydactyly and adults with basal joint arthritis. The proliferation rate of adult and infant BMSCs was determined by the cell number changes and doubling times. The γH2AX immunofluorescence staining, age-related gene expression, senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) staining were analyzed to determine the senescence state of adult and infant BMSCs. The expression levels of superoxide dismutases (SODs) and genes associated with various types of differentiation were measured using Real-Time Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-qPCR). Differentiation levels were evaluated through histochemical and immunohistochemical staining. The results showed that infant BMSCs had a significantly higher increase in cell numbers and faster doubling times compared with adult BMSCs. Infant BMSCs at late stages exhibited reduced γH2AX expression and SA-β-gal staining, indicating lower levels of senescence. The expression levels of senescence-related genes (, , and ) in infant BMSCs were also lower than in adult BMSCs. In addition, infant BMSCs demonstrated higher antioxidative ability with elevated expression of , , and compared with adult BMSCs. In terms of differentiation potential, infant BMSCs outperformed adult BMSCs in chondrogenesis, as indicated by higher expression levels of chondrogenic genes (, , and ) and positive immunohistochemical staining. Moreover, differentiated cells derived from infant BMSCs exhibited significantly higher expression levels of osteogenic, tenogenic, hepatogenic, and neurogenic genes compared with those derived from adult BMSCs. Histochemical and immunofluorescence staining confirmed these findings. However, adult BMSCs showed lower adipogenic differentiation potential compared with infant BMSCs. Overall, infant BMSCs demonstrated superior characteristics, including higher proliferation rates, enhanced antioxidative activity, and greater differentiation potential into various lineages. They also exhibited reduced cellular senescence. These findings, within the context of cellular differentiation, suggest potential implications for the use of allogeneic BMSC transplantation, emphasizing the need for further investigation.
Topics: Adult; Child; Humans; Bone Marrow; Cell Proliferation; Cell Differentiation; Osteogenesis; Cells, Cultured; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Bone Marrow Cells; Arthritis; Polydactyly
PubMed: 38164917
DOI: 10.1177/09636897231221878 -
BMJ Case Reports Dec 2023A male infant presented with progressive paleness of the body since 3 months of age. On examination, the child had pallor, microcephaly with dysmorphic facies...
A male infant presented with progressive paleness of the body since 3 months of age. On examination, the child had pallor, microcephaly with dysmorphic facies (depressed nasal bridge, low set ears, retrognathia, high arched palate and tongue hamartoma). Postaxial polydactyly in bilateral hands and feet, broad great toes, with syndactyly of left fourth and fifth toes were present. The haemogram showed severe anaemia with a microcytic hypochromic picture. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was normal. However, the parents' HPLC was suggestive of beta thalassaemia trait. Whole-exome sequencing revealed Thurston syndrome with beta-thalassaemia in homozygous pattern with a novel mutation. It is a rare genetic syndrome exclusively found in the South Asian population. Due to the rarity, identification of this syndrome is often difficult and requires awareness among clinicians. However, it is important to diagnose the disorder accurately in order to provide appropriate genetic counselling and prognostication to the parents.
Topics: Humans; Infant; Male; beta-Thalassemia; Biological Variation, Population; Polydactyly; Syndactyly; Thalassemia
PubMed: 38160027
DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2022-253086 -
Molecular Genetics & Genomic Medicine Mar 2024Meckel syndrome (MKS) is the most severe form of an autosomal recessive ciliopathy and is clinically characterized by occipital encephalocele, severely polycystic...
BACKGROUND
Meckel syndrome (MKS) is the most severe form of an autosomal recessive ciliopathy and is clinically characterized by occipital encephalocele, severely polycystic kidneys, and postaxial polydactyly (toes). The association of TXNDC15-related MKS has been reported. We report the case of a homozygous mutation in the TXNDC15 gene, causing MKS14 in the Chinese population.
METHODS
The fetal skin tissue and parental peripheral blood were retained for whole-exome sequencing and Sanger sequencing, which investigated the potential pathogenic variants associated with MKS.
RESULTS
The fetus was homozygous for a mutation in the TXNDC15 gene (NM_024715.3), specifically c.560delA (p.Asn187llefsTer4), and both parents were heterozygous for this mutation.
CONCLUSION
Our study identified a new mutation that adds to the mutational landscape of MKS, which provide a basis for genetic counseling and the selection of reproductive options.
Topics: Humans; Encephalocele; Polycystic Kidney Diseases; Ciliary Motility Disorders; Mutation; Retinitis Pigmentosa
PubMed: 38156946
DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.2343 -
Acta Medica Okayama Dec 2023A patient was born with a mass at the base of the thumb approximately 1.5 cm in diameter on the radial side of the fingers. The mass had globular swelling filled with...
A patient was born with a mass at the base of the thumb approximately 1.5 cm in diameter on the radial side of the fingers. The mass had globular swelling filled with hemorrhagic fluid and was dark red. X-rays and histology of the excised specimen suggested the diagnosis of gangrene and torsion of polydactyly. Prenatal torsion of polydactyly is not a common occurrence; moreover, prenatal torsion of polydactyly has only been found in ulnar polydactyly. Our case is a novel case of radial polydactyly that was gangrenous at birth owing to prenatal torsion. Diagnosing such a mass at the base of the thumb is important.
Topics: Infant, Newborn; Humans; Thumb; Gangrene; Polydactyly; Fingers
PubMed: 38145940
DOI: 10.18926/AMO/66158 -
American Journal of Human Genetics Jan 2024Cyclin D2 (CCND2) stabilization underpins a range of macrocephaly-associated disorders through mutation of CCND2 or activating mutations in upstream genes encoding...
Cyclin D2 (CCND2) stabilization underpins a range of macrocephaly-associated disorders through mutation of CCND2 or activating mutations in upstream genes encoding PI3K-AKT pathway components. Here, we describe three individuals with overlapping macrocephaly-associated phenotypes who carry the same recurrent de novo c.179G>A (p.Arg60Gln) variant in Myc-associated factor X (MAX). The mutation, located in the b-HLH-LZ domain, causes increased intracellular CCND2 through increased transcription but it does not cause stabilization of CCND2. We show that the purified b-HLH-LZ domain of MAX (Max) binds its target E-box sequence with a lower apparent affinity. This leads to a more efficient heterodimerization with c-Myc resulting in an increase in transcriptional activity of c-Myc in individuals carrying this mutation. The recent development of Omomyc-CPP, a cell-penetrating b-HLH-LZ-domain c-Myc inhibitor, provides a possible therapeutic option for MAX individuals, and others carrying similar germline mutations resulting in dysregulated transcriptional c-Myc activity.
Topics: Humans; Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors; Dimerization; Megalencephaly; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc
PubMed: 38141607
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2023.11.010 -
Genes Dec 2023Cornelia de Lange syndrome is a genetic and clinically heterogeneous entity, caused by at least five genes. It is characterized by short stature, gestalt facies,...
Cornelia de Lange syndrome is a genetic and clinically heterogeneous entity, caused by at least five genes. It is characterized by short stature, gestalt facies, microcephaly, neurodevelopmental disorders, and other anomalies. In this report, we present a 13-year-old female patient with microcephaly, cleft palate, polydactyly, short stature, triangular facies, frontal bossing, a bulbous nose, an overfolded helix, limited pronosupination, and an anomalous uterus. No neurodevelopmental disorders were reported. A chromosomal microarray analysis of 6.5 million markers was performed in the proband and her parents. The results showed a de novo heterozygous microdeletion of exons 9-14 within , which confirmed the diagnosis of Cornelia de Lange syndrome type 4. Our patient did not show any neurologic phenotype (until the time of diagnosis), although neurodevelopmental disorders are frequently present in patients with Cornelia de Lange syndrome type 4, and despite carrying a deletion that was larger than previously reported. Therefore, unknown genetic modifiers or intrinsic mechanisms of variants may exist and should be studied.
Topics: Humans; Female; Adolescent; De Lange Syndrome; Cell Cycle Proteins; Gene Deletion; Microarray Analysis
PubMed: 38137034
DOI: 10.3390/genes14122212 -
American Journal of Medical Genetics.... May 2024Biallelic pathogenic variants in the TTC26 gene are known to cause BRENS (biliary, renal, neurological, skeletal) syndrome, an ultra-rare autosomal recessive condition...
A novel TTC26 variant in a patient with hexadactyly, pituitary stalk interruption, hepatopathy, nephropathy, and bilateral lip-palate cleft: A case report and expansion of the phenotype.
Biallelic pathogenic variants in the TTC26 gene are known to cause BRENS (biliary, renal, neurological, skeletal) syndrome, an ultra-rare autosomal recessive condition with only few patients published to date. BRENS syndrome is characterized by hexadactyly, severe neonatal cholestasis, and involvement of the brain, heart, and kidney, however the full phenotypic and genotypic spectrum is unknown. Here, we report on a previously undescribed homozygous intronic TTC26 variant (c.1006-5 T > C) in a patient showing some of the known TTC26-associated features like hexadactyly, hypopituitarism, hepatopathy, nephropathy, and congenital heart defect. Moreover, he presented with a suspected unilateral hearing loss and bilateral cleft lip-palate. The variant is considered to affect correct splicing by the loss of the canonical acceptor splice site and activation of a cryptic acceptor splice site. Hereby, our patient represents one additional patient with BRENS syndrome carrying a previously unreported TTC26 variant. Furthermore, we confirm the involvement of the pituitary gland to be a common clinical feature of the syndrome and broaden the clinical spectrum of TTC26 ciliopathy to include facial clefts and a probable hearing involvement.
Topics: Male; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Cleft Palate; Cleft Lip; Pituitary Gland; Polydactyly; Syndrome; Kidney Diseases; Phenotype
PubMed: 38135897
DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.63515 -
Cureus Dec 2023The pathophysiology of Patau's syndrome involves the triplication of chromosomes, leading to multiple comorbidities. An omphalocele is characterized by a protrusion of...
The pathophysiology of Patau's syndrome involves the triplication of chromosomes, leading to multiple comorbidities. An omphalocele is characterized by a protrusion of abdominal contents from the base of the umbilical cord through the peritoneum. An omphalomesenteric duct remnant occurs when there is a failure of duct closure that results in a diverticulum extending from the fetal midgut to the yolk sac. While congenital defects rarely occur simultaneously in patients with Patau's syndrome, this case report describes a newborn with Patau syndrome who presented with both an omphalocele and an omphalomesenteric duct remnant. The newborn exhibited various congenital abnormalities such as coloboma, microphthalmia, broad nasal bridge, cleft lip, cleft palate, low-set ears, systolic murmur, omphalocele, intestinal umbilical fistula (omphalomesenteric continuous vitelointestinal duct remnant), polydactyly, rocker-bottom feet, left-sided clubbed foot, and ruptured myelomeningocele. Imaging revealed additional complications such as a large patent ductus arteriosus, hypoplastic distal arch, markedly dilated right atrium and left ventricle, and cerebellar hypoplasia. Chromosomal analysis confirmed the diagnosis of Patau's syndrome. Given the untreatable medical condition, the patient was placed under "Do Not Resuscitate," and palliative care was initiated. The simultaneous appearance of an omphalocele and an omphalomesenteric continuous vitelointestinal duct is rare, and surgical intervention is the standard of care if the patient is deemed suitable for surgery. However, in cases where surgery is not feasible, palliative care is initiated. Regardless of the outcome, genetic counseling is essential and should include a discussion on paternal autonomy, understanding the disorder, suggesting alternative management methods, and making crucial decisions concerning future family care and planning.
PubMed: 38125687
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.50793